Easier to regulate private education than to improve government schools

江蘇河海大學(xué) 李勁松

難詞掃障

1.subsistence（Para.1） n.維持生活

The land provided subsistence and little more.這塊土地只能提供人們的基本生活所需，別無富余。

2.grubby（Para.2） adj.骯臟的

Keep your grubby paws to yourself！ 把你的臟爪子拿開！

3.veranda（Para.2） n.走廊；陽臺(tái)

The veranda was boarded in.陽臺(tái)用木板隔出了。

4.curry（Para.3） vt.討好

a businessman who made several attempts to curry favour with politicians一個(gè)幾次三番想要討好政客的商人

5.elite（Para.4） n.精英

a struggle for power within the ruling elite統(tǒng)治階層內(nèi)部的爭(zhēng)權(quán)奪利

6.jurisdiction（Para.5） n.司法權(quán)；審判權(quán)

The committee has jurisdiction over all tax measures.這個(gè)委員會(huì)有權(quán)制定所有稅收措施。7.migration（Para.6） n.遷移；移民

You must perform this step manually with any of the migration approaches.您必須采用任意一種移民方式手動(dòng)執(zhí)行這一步驟。8.implement（Para.7） vt.實(shí)施；執(zhí)行

We have decided to implement the committee's recommendations in full.我們已決定全面實(shí)施委員會(huì)提出的建議。

9.wield （Para.8） vt.使用；行使

The Church wields great power in Ireland.在愛爾蘭，教會(huì)操縱著大權(quán)。

10.clout（Para.8） n.影響力；勢(shì)力

An official protest could carry considerable clout.正式的抗議可能具有相當(dāng)大的影響力。

11.partnership（Para.9） n.合作關(guān)系

Several youth charities have formed a partnership to help these homeless teenagers.為幫助這些無家可歸的少年，一些青年慈善團(tuán)體建立了合作關(guān)系。

原文復(fù)現(xiàn)

The 80 or so pupils in Class 9 of YDVP Inter College,a private school in Uttar Pradesh,India's most populous state,chorus“good morning”to the visitor,and then turn their attention back to the maths teacher.Smartly dressed in blue-and-white uniforms,the children are seated at desks in brick classrooms in a compound surrounded by fields.Fees are Rs170～Rs250($2.29～$3.37)a month,depending on the grade.That is a stretch for the area'ssubsistencefarmers and labourers,but the school,which has 1,000 pupils,is full.The 11 teachers are paid Rs2,000～Rs5,000 a month,depending on their age,experience and quality.

Atthe government-run UpperPrimary School,Khujehta,a few miles away,63 children are enrolled,of whom 50 are present on the day of your correspondent's visit.They sit on the floor in three classrooms,dressed ingrubbypinkish government uniforms,looking at textbooks.Nobody is teaching them;the school's two teachers are sitting on theveranda.They are paid Rs50,000 and Rs40,000 a month apiece.The average income in Uttar Pradesh is Rs4,600 a month.

Enrolment in the government school has been falling,say the teachers.They blame it on the fact that the head of the village panchayat(council)has opened a private school nearby(not YDVP)and people are sending their children there tocurryfavour with the big man.Bharat Lal,a labourer in the nearby village,has another explanation：“My children will not go to the government school because they say there is no education,so I have to pay for private school.”His children attend YDVP.

India has long hadeliteprivate schools,butoverthe pastdecade low-costprivate schools have also boomed.Their rolls increased from 44 million in 2010～2011 to 61 million in 2016～2017,while those in government schools fell from 126 million to 108 million in the 21 of India's 29 states for which there is any data.Geeta Kingdon,a professor at University College London who also runs a private school in Lucknow,suspects that the private-school numbers are an underestimate because many of them are not registered with the government.

①There are two reasons for the shift.②One is the failure of public education.③Just how bad India's schools are became clear when two Indian states participated in a scheme that compares attainment around the world and came72nd to74th out of74jurisdictions in reading,maths and science（academic research suggests private schools are little better）.④The other reason is the popularity of English-medium education,driven by a combination of social status（English has never quite lost the cachet〈威信〉 it had as the language of the ruling class in colonial times）andpragmatism（the Internet and globalisation have magnified its usefulness）. ⑤ The great majority of private schools teach,or claim to teach,in English.

Shrinking pupil numbers are an embarrassment to chief ministers. “My one target when I took this job was to reverse themigrationout of government schools,”says Sarvendra Vikram Singh,director of education for Uttar Pradesh.

①State governments are reacting in two ways.②One is to make life difficult for private schools.③The Right to Education(RTE)Act of 2009 sets out detailed requirements which they must meet—to have a classroom for every teacher,a library and a kitchen,for instance—in order to get the official“recognition” (i.e.li-cence)they need to operate.④Although many government schools do not meet these norms,the requirements are being used to close private schools.⑤Shivnandan Singh,an education officer in Lucknow,the biggest city in Uttar Pradesh,with215government schools and200recognised private schools on his beat,says he has closed down60unrecognised private schools this year.⑥ “Up until now we have been going easy on them but this year the RTE Act is beingimplementedstrictly.” ⑦The press is supportive,carrying stories about the closure of“fake schools”.

To its credit,the AAP（Aam Aadmi Party）has also pursued a second approach to reviving governmentschools:tryingtoimprove them.“The state of the schools was worse than we expected,”says Atishi Marlena,a former adviser to Manish Sisodia,the local education minister.“There was the smell of toilets in the classroom,children sitting on the floor,children not there,teachers not there.”Mr Sisodia has taken to visiting schools unannounced,which is reckoned to have sharpened upperformance.He says state-school pupils now do better in exams than private-school pupils.But no teachers have been fired for absence,or anything else—Teachers'Unions wield enormous political clout,and tend to torpedo（徹底破壞）reforms that threaten their position.

Uttar Pradesh is trying to improve quality byaddressinga different problem：the range of abilities in classes.Some Grade 8 children can't read,andlaggardswho have slipped too far behind may never catch up.So this year,inpartnershipwith Pratham,an NGO that has pioneered the system,the state government is introducing “gradedlearning”.Pupils will be divided into three ability levels,rather than the standardage-determinedgrades.

文章來源：2018年10月刊The Economist

Part 1整體感知

本文是一篇說明文。由于印度公立教育的失敗、英語為教學(xué)語言的私立學(xué)校的大受歡迎，公立學(xué)校的入學(xué)人數(shù)一直在下降。于是在過去十年中，印度涌現(xiàn)出很多學(xué)費(fèi)比較低的私立學(xué)校。對(duì)此，印度政府一方面振興公立學(xué)校，但更多的是在限制私立學(xué)校的發(fā)展，媒體也對(duì)此表示支持，報(bào)道了關(guān)閉“假學(xué)?！钡南?。

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)梳理：

Structure Paragraph（s） Main idea Introduction Para.1～2 Compared to private schools,the state of the government schools was worse.Phenomenon Para.3～4 Enrolment in the government school has been falling and low-cost private schools have boomed.Reasons Para.5 There are two reasons for the shift：the failure of public education and the popularity of English-medium education.Reaction Para.6～7 State governments make life difficult for private schools.Solution Para.8～9 The government has also pursued the approach to reviving government schools：trying to improve them.

典型段落段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

Para.5

句子序號(hào) 句義概括① There are two reasons for the shift.② One is the failure of public education.③ How bad India's schools are became clear.④⑤ The other reason is the popularity of English-medium句間關(guān)系段落主旨句段落第一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)舉例論證分論點(diǎn) education. 段落第二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)段意概括：印度公立教育的失敗和以英語為教學(xué)語言的私立學(xué)校的興起導(dǎo)致公立學(xué)校入學(xué)人數(shù)的下降。

Para.7

句子序號(hào) 句義概括 句間關(guān)系①② State governments are reacting in two ways,one of which is to make life difficult for private schools. 段落主旨句③④ The Right to Education （RTE） Act of 2009 sets out detailed requirements which they must meet. 解釋主旨句⑤⑥ Shivnandan Singh says he has closed down 60 unrecognised private schools this year.舉例證明主旨句⑦ The press is supportive. 評(píng)論主旨句段意概括：印度政府采取措施限制私立學(xué)校的發(fā)展，媒體也對(duì)此表示支持。

詞匯拓展

Part 2語言學(xué)習(xí)

一、舊瓶裝新酒，熟詞有生義

1.beat（Para.7） n.管區(qū)；轄區(qū)；巡邏地段

journalists covering the Washington beat駐華盛頓地區(qū)的新聞?dòng)浾?/p>

People like to see police officers on the beat.人們?cè)敢饪吹接芯煸趫?zhí)勤巡邏。

2.credit（Para.8） n.贊揚(yáng)；認(rèn)可

To Jamie's credit,he remained calm.值得

表揚(yáng)的是，杰米始終保持冷靜。

She deserves credit for trying her best.她盡了最大的努力，應(yīng)該得到表揚(yáng)。

3.performance（Para.8） n.（工作或活動(dòng)中的）表現(xiàn)

Sean's performance at school has greatly improved.肖恩在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)步很大。

I was impressed by the team's performance.該隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)讓我印象深刻。

4.address（Para.9） vt.設(shè)法解決；處理

Our products address the needs of real users.

我們的產(chǎn)品滿足真正用戶的需求。

Marlowe now addressed himself to the task of searching the room.馬洛現(xiàn)在開始搜查房間。

二、學(xué)會(huì)“前”詞綴，詞匯巧拓展

1.pre

preconception 成見

pre-exsiting 先于……而存在的

preelection 預(yù)選

2.fore

forehead 前額

foreground （景物、圖畫等的）前景

foresee 預(yù)見3.pro

prologue 序言

programme 計(jì)劃

protrude 突；伸出4.ex

ex-wife 前妻

ex-president 前總統(tǒng)

ex-dividend 除股息

三、關(guān)于教育的詞

1.attainment n.成就；造詣；達(dá)到

2.pragmatism n.實(shí)用主義

3.laggard n.遲鈍懶散者

4.graded adj.分等級(jí)的

5.age-determined adj.由年齡決定的

難句分析

1.Geeta Kingdon,a professor at University College London who also runs a private school in Lucknow,suspects that the private-school numbers are an underestimate because many of them are not registered with the government.

a professor at University College London是Geeta Kingdon的同位語，who also runs a private school in Lucknow是a professor的定語從句，suspects是及物動(dòng)詞，后面接賓語從句that the private-school numbers are an underestimate，because many of them are not registered with the government是原因狀語從句。

2.Shivnandan Singh,an education officer in Lucknow,the biggest city in Uttar Pradesh,with 215 government schools and 200 recognised private schools on his beat,says he has closed down 60 unrecognised private schools this year.

主句是Shivnandan Singh says he has closed down 60 unrecognised private schools this year。 an education officer in Lucknow是Shivnandan Singh的同位語，the biggest city in Uttar Pradesh是Lucknow的同位語，with 215 government schools and 200 recognised private schools on his beat是跟著Shivnandan Singh的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞詞組+介詞詞組。

寫作推薦

善用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，寫好長(zhǎng)難句

1.括號(hào)

Just how bad India's schools are became clear when two Indian states participated in a scheme that compares attainment around the world and came 72nd to 74th out of 74 jurisdictionsin reading,maths and science(academic research suggests private schools are little better).

academic research suggests private schools are little better是補(bǔ)充說明，可以用括號(hào)括起來放在句號(hào)內(nèi)，作為整個(gè)句子的補(bǔ)充。

2.破折號(hào)

But no teachers have been fired for absence,or anything else—Teachers'Unions wield enormous political clout,and tend to torpedo reforms that threaten their position.

破折號(hào)后的句子是用來解釋破折號(hào)前面的句子的，此時(shí)的破折號(hào)相當(dāng)于because。

3.冒號(hào)

To its credit,the AAP（Aam Aadmi Party）has also pursued a second approach to reviving government schools：trying to improve them.

冒號(hào)后說明了a second approach，這句話也可以用同位語或定語從句，如“To its credit,the AAP has also pursued a second approach to reviving government schools，which is trying to improve them.”，但不如冒號(hào)利落。

Part 3視角拓展

印度教育小知識(shí)

印度實(shí)行12年一貫制中小學(xué)教育。高等教育共8年,包括3年學(xué)士課程、2年碩士課程和3年博士課程。此外還有各類職業(yè)技術(shù)教育、成人教育等非正規(guī)教育。全國(guó)現(xiàn)有300多所綜合性大學(xué)，著名的有德里大學(xué)、印度理工學(xué)院、加爾各答大學(xué)、馬德拉斯大學(xué)、巴拉蒂爾大學(xué)等。

2007年相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，印度人口識(shí)字率達(dá)到75%，但成人文盲仍高達(dá)3億，居世界之首。印度正在全國(guó)600個(gè)行政區(qū)中的589

個(gè)推廣掃盲計(jì)劃，力爭(zhēng)在“十一五”結(jié)束時(shí)識(shí)字率達(dá)到85%。2008年到2009年，印度6歲至14歲兒童入學(xué)率接近100%，但全國(guó)平均小學(xué)輟學(xué)率高達(dá)31%。

印度電影《起跑線》講述了一對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)夫婦為了讓孩子能夠從小就獲得最好的教育，走上人生巔峰而絞盡腦汁擇校的故事。

譯文助讀

改善公立學(xué)校要比約束私立學(xué)校難得多

印度私立學(xué)校YDVP國(guó)際學(xué)院坐落于印度人口最多的州北方邦，學(xué)校9班有大約80名學(xué)生。清晨，班里學(xué)生齊聲向來訪的客人問候“早上好”，然后將注意力轉(zhuǎn)回?cái)?shù)學(xué)老師身上。他們穿著漂亮的藍(lán)白色制服，坐在磚砌教室的書桌上，在四周環(huán)繞著田野的場(chǎng)地學(xué)習(xí)。這個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)費(fèi)按年級(jí)每月170盧比到250盧比（2.29美元到3.37美元）不等。對(duì)于該地區(qū)勉強(qiáng)糊口的農(nóng)民和工人來說，這是一項(xiàng)多出來的開支。盡管如此，這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)滿員，招收了1，000名學(xué)生。學(xué)校11名教師按年齡、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和工作質(zhì)量每月工資2，000盧比到5，000盧比不等。

幾英里（1英里=1，609米）之外的公立高小Khujehta有63名學(xué)生登記入學(xué)，記者采訪當(dāng)天有50名學(xué)生來學(xué)校上課。學(xué)生各坐在三個(gè)教室的地板上，身上穿著臟臟的淺粉色政府校服，正看著課本。沒有人在給他們上課，學(xué)校的兩位老師正坐在陽臺(tái)上。他們每人每月工資分別是5萬盧比和4萬盧比。北方邦這個(gè)州的月平均收入是4，600盧比。

老師們都說公立學(xué)校的入學(xué)人數(shù)一直在下降，他們將此歸咎于村民委會(huì)主任在附近開的一家私立學(xué)校（不是YDVP國(guó)際學(xué)院），大家為了拍他的馬屁，就將孩子送到那里。附近村莊的工人Bharat Lal還有另一種說法：“我的孩子不去公立學(xué)校了，因?yàn)樗麄冋f在那沒有老師教，所以我必須花錢送他們上私立學(xué)校?！彼暮⒆由狭薡DVP國(guó)際學(xué)院。

印度長(zhǎng)期以來一直設(shè)有精英私立學(xué)校，但在過去十年里，還是涌現(xiàn)出很多學(xué)費(fèi)比較低的私立學(xué)校。有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，他們的招收人數(shù)從2010年到2011年的4，400萬增長(zhǎng)到2016到2017年的6，100萬，而公立學(xué)校的人數(shù)從21個(gè)州（印度共29個(gè)州）的1.26億減少到1.08億。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的教授Geeta Kingdon也在印度勒克瑙經(jīng)營(yíng)一所私立學(xué)校，他懷疑私立學(xué)校學(xué)生的人數(shù)還要更多些，因?yàn)樗麄冎械暮芏嗳硕紱]有在政府注冊(cè)。

有兩個(gè)原因造成這種轉(zhuǎn)變。一個(gè)是公立學(xué)校教育的失敗。印度的兩個(gè)州參與了一項(xiàng)比較世界各地教育成就的項(xiàng)目，主要看閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，結(jié)果在74個(gè)管轄區(qū)中排名第72位到第74位，印度的學(xué)校到底有多糟糕這時(shí)候就顯而易見了(學(xué)術(shù)研究表明私立學(xué)校情況稍微好點(diǎn))。另一個(gè)原因是受社會(huì)地位(英語作為殖民時(shí)期統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的語言，其影響從未完全消失)和實(shí)用主義(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和全球化增強(qiáng)了它的實(shí)用性)雙重因素的推動(dòng)，以英語為教學(xué)語言的私立學(xué)校大受歡迎。私立學(xué)校大多用英語上課，至少他們自己對(duì)外是這么宣稱的。

首席部長(zhǎng)因?qū)W生人數(shù)的減少而處境尷尬?！拔疑先螘r(shí)的一個(gè)目標(biāo)是扭轉(zhuǎn)公立學(xué)校人數(shù)減少的趨勢(shì)，”北方邦教育部長(zhǎng)Sarvendra Vikram Singh說道。

州政府有兩種應(yīng)對(duì)方式。第一種是讓私立學(xué)校的日子不好過。2009年的《教育權(quán)法》詳細(xì)規(guī)定了學(xué)校必須滿足的要求，例如，為了獲得經(jīng)營(yíng)需要的官方“認(rèn)可”(即執(zhí)照)，每個(gè)老師都要有一個(gè)教室，學(xué)校要有一個(gè)圖書館和一個(gè)廚房。雖然許多公立學(xué)校都不符合這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但他們用這些要求來限制私立學(xué)校。Shivnandan Singh是北方邦最大的城市勒克瑙的一名教育官員，他所轄區(qū)內(nèi)有215所公立學(xué)校和200所被認(rèn)可的私立學(xué)校，他說他今年已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了60所未被認(rèn)可的私立學(xué)校?！暗侥壳盀橹?，我們對(duì)私立學(xué)校的態(tài)度一直很寬松，但今年嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行了《教育權(quán)法》?！泵襟w對(duì)此表示支持，報(bào)道了關(guān)閉“假學(xué)?！钡南?。

值得稱贊的是，Aam Aadmi黨還采取了另一種振興公立學(xué)校的方法：努力改善公立學(xué)校。當(dāng)?shù)亟逃块L(zhǎng)Manish Sisodia的前顧問Atishi Marlena表示：“學(xué)校的狀況比我們預(yù)期的要糟糕。教室里有廁所的味道，孩子們坐在地板上，他們不在那里，老師也不在那里?！盨isodia喜歡不事先通知就探訪學(xué)校，大家認(rèn)為這讓公立學(xué)校有所收斂。他說現(xiàn)在公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生比私立學(xué)校的學(xué)生在考試中表現(xiàn)更好。但沒有教師因?yàn)槿鼻诙唤夤?，或者其他任何事情——教師工?huì)擁有巨大的政治影響力，并且傾向于破壞對(duì)他們地位有威脅的改革。

北方邦正試圖通過解決另一個(gè)問題來提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量：不同班級(jí)配以不同能力等級(jí)的學(xué)生。一些八年級(jí)的學(xué)生仍不識(shí)字，落后太多的學(xué)生可能永遠(yuǎn)也追不上了。因此，今年州政府與倡導(dǎo)這一制度的非政府組織Pratham合作，推出了“分級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)”。 學(xué)生將被分為三個(gè)能力等級(jí)，而不是由年齡決定。

文體寫作

怎樣寫好安慰信

安徽泗縣一中 吳安運(yùn)

◎文體概述

朋友或同學(xué)考試失利、親友生病、受傷或由于火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)、被盜等不幸事件蒙受了損失，我們都可以寫封信表示安慰。安慰信要寫得真誠，注意措辭。寫安慰信時(shí)一定要圍繞一個(gè)中心——使收信人從中得到安慰和鼓舞。

◎?qū)懽髂０?/p>

◎經(jīng)典句型

篇首句：表達(dá)慰問事由

1.I feel very sad to know that there was...聽說發(fā)生了……我感到非常難過。

2.I was shocked at the news about the earthquake in...聽聞……地震的消息我很震驚。

3.Seeing the related...,I could not help...看到相關(guān)的……，我禁不住……

4.We are so sorry to hear the news about...聽到……的消息我們很難過。

5.I just heard that you've been on the sickness last week.我剛剛得知上個(gè)星期你病了。

6.I was deeply concerned when I learned that...當(dāng)?shù)弥瓡r(shí)，我非常擔(dān)心。

7.I just can't tell you how sorry I was to learn of your...獲悉你……時(shí)，我難以形容我有多難過。

8.I read about the recent events in the newspaper and I am writing to extend my deepest sadness.我從報(bào)紙上得知了最近的事情，寫信表達(dá)我深切的悲痛。

篇尾句：鼓勵(lì)與問候

1.Still you have many more chances to try.你仍然有很多機(jī)會(huì)可以嘗試。

2.I'm certainly relieved to know that.知道這一情況后，我心中感到很寬慰。

3.I am sure you will easily succeed next time.我相信你下次會(huì)輕松地取得成功。

4.I quite understand how you feel now.我非常理解你現(xiàn)在的感受。

5.Please pass my concern on to your parents.請(qǐng)代我向你的父母問好。

6.So I hope that you will not take this to heart,and will get ready to try again.因此，希望你不要太在意這件事，準(zhǔn)備好再試一次。

7.I hope you like it,and that it will help to pass the time more pleasantly.我希望你喜歡它，并希望它能幫助你更愉快地度過時(shí)光。

8.With every good wish for your swift recovery.衷心祝愿你盡快恢復(fù)健康。

9.We are looking forward to/hoping/praying for your speedy and full recovery.我們希望/祈禱你能早日完全康復(fù)。

10.Please extend our deep sympathy to your family.請(qǐng)向你的家人轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我們的深切慰問。

11.If there is anything I can do to help you,please let me know.如果有需要我?guī)椭牡胤剑?qǐng)告訴我。

12.If you need any help,please do not hesitate to contact us.如果你需要任何幫助，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)聯(lián)系我們。

◎典例鏈接

（2017屆山西省五校高三第四次聯(lián)考）假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Jack因爸爸過度飲酒而感到非?？鄲溃痛苏?qǐng)你用英語給他寫一封郵件。主要內(nèi)容包括：

1.表示安慰：

2.給出建議；

3.寄予希望。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文流暢；

3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Jack,

I'm sorry to hear that your father is addicted to drinking.

Best wishes.I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【試題解讀】

1.審題立意

該篇書面表達(dá)的命題思路采用的是應(yīng)用文的考查形式，是提綱類作文，但其形式又是以郵件的模式給出，而最終又要求考生用近年來高考較為普遍的書信體裁進(jìn)行寫作，體現(xiàn)了高考命題的穩(wěn)定性。

從測(cè)試內(nèi)容上來看，寫作的主題為“安慰朋友并提出建議”，這提醒考生要關(guān)注生活，雖看似平淡，但事實(shí)上教育學(xué)生要關(guān)愛他人，珍惜生命。

從寫作提示上來看，試題仍然具有一定的開放性，給各位考生留出了一定的自由發(fā)揮空間，有利于考生充分展示自己的英語書面表達(dá)能力。這次英語書面表達(dá)試題還是采用了以往的書信形式,試題中已經(jīng)寫好了開頭和結(jié)尾，考生不必考慮和擔(dān)心書信格式的問題，可以直接按照材料提示的有關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)入主題，這有利于幫助考生增強(qiáng)信心，順利答題。

2.寫作要點(diǎn)

（1）導(dǎo)入話題；

（2）安慰朋友；

（3）給出建議；

（4）寄予希望。

3.注意事項(xiàng)

（1）注意文章內(nèi)容的詳略，建議部分要詳寫，另兩點(diǎn)內(nèi)容略寫；

（2）語氣要真誠中肯。

【佳作賞析】

Dear Jack,

I'm sorry to hear that your father is addicted to drinking.Don't worry.I'm always here,ready to help you①.

As is known,getting rid of drinking is not easy,so you should be patient with it and give your father a little time.First of all②,find out why your father is addicted to drinking and try to communicate with him about this.Then②,you should think of ways that fit your father's situation.Maybe changing your father's taste,like drinking tea instead of wine,is a good choice③.Besides②,it is important to make your father know the potential danger of drinking.Also②,you can ask doctors for help.I hope the suggestions are available④to you and your father will be happier and healthier with the help.

Best wishes.I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

亮點(diǎn)分析：本篇習(xí)作將建議一條條列舉出來，使人一目了然，且思路清唽，交代非常清楚。字里行間情真意切，讀來非常感人。運(yùn)用了一些適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞及高級(jí)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如形容詞短語作狀語、動(dòng)名詞做主語、定語從句等，同時(shí)available等高級(jí)詞匯的使用，也使文章增色不少，總的來說是一篇好文章。

①作者沒有用兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句或并列句的形式來表達(dá)，而是獨(dú)辟蹊徑，使用了形容詞短語ready to help you作伴隨狀語。

② 作 者 用 First of all、Then、Besides和Also等過渡詞一條一條地陳述他的建議，層次分明。

③作者在此用動(dòng)名詞形式changing your father's taste作句子主語，后面還對(duì)這個(gè)做法進(jìn)行舉例，語言運(yùn)用非常老道。

④作者在這里運(yùn)用了高級(jí)詞匯available，一詞勝千言，言簡(jiǎn)意深，足見作者的語言能力。

◎小試牛刀

假定你是李華，你收到美國(guó)好友Jack的來信，他說他期末考試考得不好，受到父母的批評(píng)，情緒很低落。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給Jack寫一封信：

1.安慰對(duì)方；

2.正確對(duì)待考試；

3.與父母多溝通；

4.鼓勵(lì)對(duì)方。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Jack,

Yours,

Li Hua