蒙娜麗莎微笑的秘密

導(dǎo)讀：蒙娜麗莎究竟笑沒(méi)笑？這或許是多年來(lái)人們爭(zhēng)論的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。然而科學(xué)家們近期的一項(xiàng)研究卻得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論：蒙娜麗莎笑沒(méi)笑，全看你的心情……

Italian artist Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa is one of the most renowned paintings in the art world. Interest in the sixteenth-century portrait， which is probably of Lisa del Giocondo， the wife of merchant Francesco del Giocondo， has always focused on one particular detail： her expression.

People have different opinions about it. Some people think that she is smiling， while others believe she is grimacing.

Could she have been doing the Renaissance equivalent of “smiling for the camera”？ That is， putting on a display of happiness that she didnt really feel？ Or is it a sincere smile， and we viewers are reading into it too much？

According to scientists at the University of California， US， if Mona Lisa doesnt look happy to you， it might be because of your own mental state.

The scientists study， published in Psychological Science is based on the theory that the brain is a predictive organ that looks to past experiences to know what to expect from the future.

The researchers showed 43 people several pairs of faces at the same time. One set of faces had neutral expressions， while the other set had expressions that were sometimes happy， sometimes neutral， and sometimes angry.

After people looked at the faces， they were encouraged to describe the emotions on the faces in the neutral images they had seen. Scientists discovered that an image of a neutral expression was more likely to be read as a smile or a grimace when it had been shown alongside a face with a smile or a grimace.

“We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what it expects to see and uses information from the world to update its expectations，” the researchers explained to Science Daily.

Indeed， our emotions change our perceptions of the world around us， including works of art. “If you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight with your husband， youre going to see the painting differently，” said Erika Siegel， one of the researchers. “But if youre having the time of your life at the Louvre， youre going to see the enigmatic smile.”

意大利畫(huà)家達(dá)·芬奇的《蒙娜麗莎》是藝術(shù)界最負(fù)盛名的畫(huà)作之一。這幅16世紀(jì)的肖像畫(huà)或許畫(huà)的是商人弗蘭西斯科·吉奧康杜的妻子麗莎·吉奧康杜，但人們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)總是停留在畫(huà)作的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)——她的表情。

人們對(duì)于她的表情有著不同的看法。一些人認(rèn)為她在微笑，而還有一些人則覺(jué)得她看起來(lái)愁眉苦臉。

她的微笑是文藝復(fù)興版的“鏡頭前微笑”，即假裝自己很開(kāi)心？還是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，卻被觀賞者們過(guò)分解讀了？

美國(guó)加州大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，如果你覺(jué)得蒙娜麗莎看起來(lái)不開(kāi)心，或許與你的心理狀態(tài)有關(guān)。

科學(xué)家們的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表于《心理科學(xué)》期刊上。該研究所基于的理論認(rèn)為，人類大腦是一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)性器官，能從過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷中預(yù)見(jiàn)未來(lái)。

研究者們同時(shí)向43人展示了幾對(duì)面部表情圖片。一組圖片的面部表情為中性，而另一組圖片中，有的表情是開(kāi)心，有的是中性抑或憤怒。

人們?cè)诳催^(guò)這些面部表情后，被要求形容先前看過(guò)的中性表情所表露出的情緒?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，中性表情和笑臉或苦瓜臉?lè)旁谝黄饡r(shí)，更容易被認(rèn)為是微笑或愁眉苦臉。

“我們是自我經(jīng)歷的建筑師。我們的大腦會(huì)對(duì)看到的事物做出預(yù)測(cè)，并從世界中獲取信息，更新預(yù)期?！毖芯咳藛T們向《科學(xué)日?qǐng)?bào)》解釋道。

情緒的確會(huì)改變我們對(duì)于周遭世界的認(rèn)知，這也包括了藝術(shù)品?！叭绻愫驼煞虼蟪骋患芎笈苋タ础睹赡塞惿?，你會(huì)看到一幅不同的畫(huà)作?！毖芯咳藛T之一的艾瑞卡·西格爾表示，“但如果你很享受在盧浮宮度過(guò)的時(shí)光，你會(huì)看到她謎一般的微笑。”