象村，齋浦爾，拉賈斯坦邦，印度

建筑設計：拉胡爾·邁赫羅特拉，羅伯特·斯蒂芬斯/RMA建筑事務所

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

在齋浦爾附近的阿米爾宮堡的山丘上，有一個為馴象人（看護者）和他們的大象建造的住房項目，叫做“Hathigaon”（或象村）。設計策略首先致力于構建景觀。這里以前曾是采砂場，致使周圍景觀被破壞。設計的想法是創(chuàng)造一系列的水體來收集雨水溢流，也就是拉賈斯坦邦沙漠氣候中最重要的資源。在水資源到位的情況下，一項廣泛的植樹造林計劃開始實施，同時在該地播種繁殖當?shù)氐牟莘N。水體是設計的重要組成部分，不僅用于恢復景觀，而且通過沐浴過程促進馴象員和大象之間的感情。這種儀式對于大象的健康及其對飼養(yǎng)者的依戀都是至關重要的。

場地規(guī)劃采用一種組團的系統(tǒng)來創(chuàng)建各種共享空間，以便在居民之間建立社區(qū)意識。庭院和涼亭補充了政府規(guī)定的住房面積中本來很小的內部空間。由于這些面積是由政府政策決定的，這些另辟蹊徑的空間安排微妙地顛覆了源于住房低成本的預期。

作為由政府贊助并通過市政工程部門執(zhí)行的項目，該項目將重點放在景觀和對寶貴的水資源的利用上，并將其作為輔助決策的核心工具，克服了與官僚機構開展工作的挑戰(zhàn)。對建筑的投資極少，但居民的需求在預算中得到了考慮。該設計的想法是為社區(qū)留出變化的空間，使他們可以在基本空間配置、露天私密空間的分配及裝修方面隨著時間的推移逐步改造自己的家園?！酰愑隇t 譯）

3 外景/Exterior view

A housing project for mahouts (caretakers)and their elephants, Hathigaon (or elephant village) is situated at the foothill of the Amber Palace and Fort, near Jaipur. The design strategyfirst involved structuring the landscape, which had been devastated by its former use as a sand quarry.The idea was to create a series of water bodies to harvest the rainwater runoff, which is the most crucial resource in the desert climate of Rajasthan.With the water resources in place, an extensive treeplantation programme was carried out, together with seeding the site to propagate local grass species.The water body is a critical component of the design,serving not only to rejuvenate the landscape but also to facilitate the bonding between the mahout and elephant through the process of bathing. This ritual is crucial both for the health of the elephant as well as their attachment to their keeper.

The site plan employed a system of clusters to create a variety of shared spaces in order to build a sense of community among the inhabitants. Courtyards and pavilions supplement the otherwise small interiors of the government-stipulated housing footprint.Because the areas are dictated by a government policy,the alternative arrangements of spaces subtly subvert expectations tied to low-cost housing.

The challenges of working through bureaucracy in a project sponsored by the government and executed through the public works department were overcome by focusing on the landscape and using the precious resource of water as the central instrument around which decisions were facilitated.The needs of the inhabitants were matched in the budget, with minimal investment put towards the architecture. The intent in the design was to leave room for the community to transform their own homes incrementally over time, in terms of basic spatial configurations, the appropriation of open-tosky private spaces, andfinishes.□

4 象房首層平面/Ground floor plan of Than

5 象房上層平面/Upper floor plan of Than

6 氣候和材料圖示/Climate and materials diagram

7.8 立面/Elevations

9 內景/Interior view

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Amber Development Management Authority, Government of Rajasthan

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Rahul Mehrotra,Robert Stephens

設計團隊/Design Team: Ajay Mirajgaoker, Cyrus Patel, Dinkar Panchal

結構顧問/Structure Consultants: Vijay K. Patil and Associates

電氣顧問/Electrical Consultants: D. R. Bellare

管道顧問/Plumbing Consultants: Sunil Services

景觀顧問/Landscape Consultants: Integrated Design場地面積/Site Area: 35hm2

設計到竣工時間/Date of Design to Completion:

2006（啟動期/Phase 0）, 2007-2009（一期/Phase 1）, 2010-2013（二期/Phase 2）, 2017-（三期/Phase 3）

攝影/Photos: Rajesh Vora (fig.1,3,11-14), Rahul Mehrotra (fig.9), Tina Nand (fig.10,15)

10 大門/Gate

11 遠景/Distant view

12-15 客房區(qū)外景/Exterior views of guest house area

16 客房平面/Guest house plan

評論

莊慎：這是一個有著幾何分形基因般完整的空間結構的規(guī)劃設計。從建筑的單元組織、庭院組織到聚落組織、社區(qū)組織，整個社區(qū)的結構與空間的節(jié)奏流暢美妙。大社區(qū)、局部組團、庭院單元3個不同級別的空間結構分別環(huán)繞著大象依賴的水系、組團間隔的內部環(huán)境、生活生產的日常庭院，使不同級別的外部環(huán)境元素的尺度與規(guī)劃的功能完美地結合在一起。

Comments

ZHUANG Shen:This design is with a complete spatial structure carrying a fractal geometrical gene:from the organisation of units and courtyards to the arrangement of settlement and community.The rhythm of structure and space is smooth and wonderful. Three different levels of spatial structure-the whole community, the partial cluster and the courtyard unit surrounding elephants rely on water system, respectively, and the inner environment and the daily courtyard for the life and production, which perfectly brings together different scales of external environment elements and function planning.

崔光海：對于與動物共生，恐怕沒有更甚于印度的國家了，大象對于印度人更是集神獸、家人和勞動伙伴于一身，這個項目以現(xiàn)代建構語言外化了這種自然觀。建筑群由半開放式院落構成組團，分散于自然之中，庭院和涼亭的元素是適應當?shù)厣衬詺夂虻慕ㄖ侄?，也為當?shù)氐木用裉峁┥鐓^(qū)公共空間。景觀在這個項目中也占據(jù)了相當主導的地位：收集雨水、植樹造林和景觀設計等一系列操作修復了人工環(huán)境和自然生態(tài)之間原本的裂痕，健康、潔凈和優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境無論對于大象的成長還是對于社區(qū)的營造都有著重要的基礎意義。同時，作為一個低成本住房項目，象村可以說是景觀生態(tài)、社區(qū)營造、建筑成本和建成質量多方協(xié)調的典范。

CUI Guanghai:Speaking of symbiosis with animals, I'm afraid there is no country like India, and elephants are especially a combination of divine animals, family members and working partners for Indians. This project externalises this natural outlook with modern constructive language. The cluster of buildings is composed of semi-open courtyards scattered throughout the environment. The elements of courtyards and pavilions are the architectural means to adapt to the local desert climate, and also to provide community public spaces for local residents. Landscape also plays a leading part in this project: a series of operations including rainwater collection, afiorestation and landscape design have repaired the original gap between artificial environment and natural ecology. Healthy, clean and beautiful natural environment is fundamental to the growth of elephants and the construction of communities. At the same time, as a low-cost housing project, the elephant village can be said to be a model of coordination among landscape ecology, community construction, building cost and architectural quality. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)