沙爾達(dá)學(xué)?，斞拧に黢R亞圖書館，戈伯爾岡，馬哈拉施特拉邦，印度

建筑設(shè)計：薩姆普·帕多拉/薩姆普·帕多拉及合伙人事務(wù)所

為馬哈拉施特拉邦鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校兒童圖書館加建選擇的地段，是一段位于既有建筑和學(xué)校邊界之間的碎片。這個地段基本上暗示了建筑要以線性的形態(tài)來使項目適合所選的地段。而提及兒童對建筑景觀的喜愛，我們將這座圖書館建筑設(shè)想為地平面的一種延伸，內(nèi)部為學(xué)習(xí)使用，上部則可供兒童嬉戲。由于周邊地區(qū)有限的教育資源，我們需要激發(fā)靈感的空間體驗來吸引學(xué)生，并希望能夠在放學(xué)后吸引附近的居民。

第一次去調(diào)研地段時，有我們看到一名工程師為一些學(xué)校建筑測量構(gòu)造，非常有趣。我們一定程度上受此鼓舞，決定從建構(gòu)智慧的角度來做這個項目。因此，我們通過分析幾種可能的材料配置——從混凝土殼體到磚拱——來實現(xiàn)這個“建筑景觀”。在這種情況下，我們受16世紀(jì)加泰羅尼亞磚拱券的材料利用率所吸引。它在19世紀(jì)早期被古斯塔維諾使用，在埃拉迪奧·迪斯特20世紀(jì)中期的作品中顯示出不可思議的細(xì)節(jié)。在處理這種特定的場地條件時，我們使用了Rhino Vault，它由蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院（ETH）的區(qū)塊研究小組（BRG）開發(fā)，用以精準(zhǔn)地表達(dá)該項目的純粹的壓縮至極限的形式。

圖書館位于學(xué)生日常動線的交匯點，它成為了可以經(jīng)由不同方位進(jìn)入的亭子，當(dāng)學(xué)生從中穿行或瀏覽時，與書產(chǎn)生了互動的可能。

圖書館的室內(nèi)有多種空間和座椅系統(tǒng)，在更私密的學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)有地板凳系統(tǒng)，而中心區(qū)有著可以協(xié)作研究的桌椅組合。自承重的飄窗為了增加穩(wěn)定性采用條形型材，截面的尺寸經(jīng)濟節(jié)約。

該項目運用的施工技術(shù)也成為了一個重新審視全球和地方的古老二元對立的機會。南亞范式中的區(qū)域性或地方性典型地表現(xiàn)在記憶中的嚴(yán)格的形式約束上。這通常是以犧牲材料的利用率作為代價的。

我們在探索磚材的材料和建造的效率方面的努力，是期望利用我們的實踐所屬的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它使我們可以通過擴充全球的可能性來豐富區(qū)域性或地方性。

從采用加泰羅尼亞磚拱系統(tǒng)到埃拉迪奧·迪斯特在烏拉圭的項目中的壓縮環(huán)狀細(xì)節(jié)的過程中，再到瑞士制造的造型軟件插件，圖書館項目不僅得益于來自世界各地的經(jīng)驗，也同樣得益于源于時間/歷史的教訓(xùn)?！酰嬃璨?譯）

1 外景/Exterior view

The site chosen for this small addition of a children's library within a school in rural Maharashtra,was a sliver between existing buildings and the school boundary, a site that almost implied a linear building footprint to adjust the programme for the chosen site. Alluding to the impetus that children have towards landscape over a building, we conceived the library building to be a formal extension of the ground plane. A place inside for study and a place above for play. With the limited teaching resources available in the larger vicinity we needed the inspiring spatial experience to be a magnet to attract students and hopefully other residents from the nearby settlements after school hours.

On ourfirst visit to the site it was interesting to see Geodesic structures built by an engineer for a few of the school buildings, we were somewhat encouraged by this to pursue a project that followed from a construction intelligence. We hence parsed through several possible material configurations ranging from concrete shells to brick vaults for building this "architectural landscape". At this point we were captivated by the material effciencies of the Catalan tile vault from the 16th century, its use by Gustavino in the early 19th century and finally the incredible details from the work of Eladio Dieste from the mid-twentieth century. While working with the specific site condition we used Rhino Vault developed by the Block Research Group at the ETH to articulate a pure compression form for the project.

The library lies at the intersection of a students'daily routine and it became a pavilion accessed from multiple sides with students potentially engaging with books while traversing through the library or over it.

The library interior has varied spatial & seating systems, a floor stool system towards the edges for a more intimate study area and towards the centre, tables and stools for collaborative study. The self-structured window bays are striated profiles for increased stability with economical window section sizes.

The construction technology for the project also makes a case to reexamine the age-old binaries of the global and local as being in opposition.The regional or the local within the South Asian paradigm typically manifests within strict formal constraints of the style in memory. This is often at the expense of material effciencies.

Our efiort to search for a material and construction effciency in brick tile looked to leverage the networks of knowledge that our practices are situated in, allowing us to enrich the regional or local through the extended capacities of the global.

In using principles ranging from the Catalan Tile Vaulting system to the compression ring detail from the work of Eladio Dieste in Uruguay, to a form finding software plug-in made in Switzerland, the library is a resultant of not only lessons learnt from various geographic locations but also various lessons through time/history.□

2 11.5cm厚外殼/Shell form 11.5cm thick

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Somaiya Vidyavihar

建筑設(shè)計/Architects: Sameep Padora & Associates

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: Vami Seth Koticha, Archita Banerjee, Manasi Punde, Aparna Dhareshwar

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計/Foundation Design: Sameer Sawant, 屋面結(jié)構(gòu)/Superstructure: Rhino Vault, Vivek Garg,

特種混凝土供應(yīng)商/Unique Concrete Contractor: Rajesh Murkar, Milind Naik

場地監(jiān)管/Site Supervision: Zubair Kachawa

材料/Materials: 屋面結(jié)構(gòu)：20mm厚磚材；地板：印度鯨石；窗戶：鋁，木材，玻璃；家具：膠合木板/Superstructure: 20mm thick brick tile; Flooring: kota stone;Windows: aluminium, wood, glass; Furniture: pre-laminated wood ply

占地面積/Site Area: 12,140m2

建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 534m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 2014.05-2015.11

施工時間/Construction Period: 2017.08-2018.05

攝影/Photos: Edmund Sumner

3.4 模型/Models

5 總平面/Site plan

6 帶流線的總平面/Site plan with routes

1-入口/Entrance

2-主校區(qū)/Main school block

3-幼兒園教室/Kindergarten classroom

4-舞臺表演區(qū)/Stage/performance area

5-活動場/Playground

6-建議體育綜合設(shè)施/Proposed sports complex

7 平面/Floor plan

8.9 剖面/Sections

1-松散的家具/Loose furniture

2-拼裝書架及電扇/Stack and fan support

3-低矮的坐席/Low seating

10 概念圖示/Concept diagram

11 構(gòu)造詳圖/Construction details

12 鋼筋模板/Rebar formwork

13 打樣/Mock up

1-屋頂按圖紙用25mm厚砂漿包裹鋼筋鋪設(shè)3層32mm厚磚片/Roof with 3 layers of 32mm thick brick tiles laid as per drawings on 25mm thick mortar containing R/F

2-預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋定縫銷釘/P.R dowels

3-地平層/Ground level

4-250mm厚瓦礫填料/250mm thick rubble packing

5-夯土/Rammed earth

6-直徑16mm的鋼筋按間距100mm排列/16mm dia reinforcement at 100mm C/C

7-直徑12mm的鋼筋按間距100mm排列/12mm dia reinforcement at 100mm C/C

8-1:4:8預(yù)制混凝土/PCC 1:4:8

9-橡膠墊層/Rubber soling

10-兩側(cè)磚/Brick on both sides

11-1:4:8預(yù)制混凝土/PCC 1:4:8

12-基座層預(yù)制混凝土/Plinth level PCC

13-碾壓混凝土基礎(chǔ)/RCC pedestal

14-直徑16mm的鋼筋按間距100mm排列/16mm dia reinforcement at 100mm C/C

15-外側(cè)/Outer side

16-內(nèi)側(cè)/Inner side

17-32mm厚磚瓦（一層）/32mm brick tile (I layer)

18-25mm厚灰漿縫（二層）/25mm mortar joint (II layer)

19-32mm厚磚瓦（三層）/32mm brick tile (III layer)

20-25mm厚抹灰（四層）/25mm mortar (IV layer)

21-32mm厚磚瓦（五層）/32mm brick tile (V layer)

22-基座/Plinth

23-碾壓混凝土基礎(chǔ)/RCC pedestal

24-32mm厚磚瓦/32mm bricktile

25-25mm厚抹灰/25mm mortar

26-15mm厚磚瓦間灰漿縫/15mm mortar joint between bricktile

27-32mm厚磚瓦/32mm bricktile

28-32mm厚磚瓦/32mm bricktile

29-兩側(cè)RFMT/RFMT, both sides

30-25mm厚抹灰/25mm mortar

14-17 外景/Exterior views

評論

方曉風(fēng)：這是個非常有趣的、從建構(gòu)入手完成的設(shè)計，整個平面布局，既簡單又有詩意，最打動人心的畫面，來自于人們在建筑的拱頂上漫步。它形成了既是建筑又非建筑而像一個地景設(shè)施的這么一種狀態(tài)。這個學(xué)校圖書館，是在有限的場地中展開的，但建筑師非常敏銳地捕捉到了有啟發(fā)的信息，并且選用了加泰羅尼亞拱——非常薄的磚拱，既廉價又輕巧。整個建筑氣質(zhì)活潑，提供了非常好的采光品質(zhì)和完整的室內(nèi)空間。這個項目可視為另類國際化的樣板，跨地域的地方經(jīng)驗的借用，給人留下深刻印象。

Comments

FANG Xiaofeng:This is a very interesting, construction-oriented design. The entire layout is both simple and poetic. The most impressing picture comes from people strolling on the vaulted roof of the building. It forms a state of being both architectural and non-architectural, like a landscape facility. This school library is unfolded in a limited space, but the architect was very sensitive to capture inspiring information and chose the Catalan Vault, a very thin brick arch, which was cheap and lightweight. This is a lively building as a whole, of very good lighting quality and complete indoor space. This project can be regarded as a model of alternative internationalisation, and the cross-regional borrowing of local experience is impressive. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

18.19 內(nèi)景/Interior views

王亦知：沙爾達(dá)學(xué)校瑪雅·索馬亞圖書館充分展示了建筑技術(shù)的多元性。通過將加泰羅尼亞的拱券結(jié)構(gòu)與最新的瑞士計算機程序和最傳統(tǒng)的本地紅磚材料結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造出讓人耳目一新的形式和空間。雖然從構(gòu)造上看，這樣的設(shè)計存在著明顯的防水、隔熱等性能的不可靠，但當(dāng)我們的創(chuàng)作沉溺于越來越完善的既有技術(shù)和越來越成熟的建筑產(chǎn)品時，這樣的嘗試無疑是非常具有啟發(fā)性的。

WANG Yizhi:Maya Somaiya Library displays the diversity of architectural techniques to a full extent. By combining the vault structure of Catalonia with the most updated computer programme and the most traditional local red brick material, a refreshing form and space is created. Although seeing from its structure, problems might exist in waterproof, heat insulation, and other functions, the attempt is no doubt inspiring when it is a creation indulged in increasingly sophisticated techniques and more and more mature architectural products.(Translated by QIAN Fang)