馬內爾住宅，科倫坡，斯里蘭卡

建筑設計：希蘭特·韋蘭達維/HW建筑事務所

1 朝西通往主樓的入口庭院/Entry court facing west leading to main house

馬內爾住宅是事務所的一個重要項目，它讓我們得以檢驗一個設想：業(yè)主的生活方式和個性是如何塑造建筑的。馬內爾住宅的戶主、馬內爾的穆達拉利 （本土商人） 是一位白手起家的商人。他和妻子、兒子特殊的生活方式植根于僧伽羅佛教文化，這是構思他們住宅時的靈感來源。

“穆達拉利”是斯里蘭卡特有的一種商人，他們身著傳統(tǒng)服飾，做生意時主要靠信譽。盡管有些穆達拉利在城市中成就了金融帝國，卻仍保留著傳統(tǒng)的根，生活圍繞著工作、佛寺和大家庭展開。

馬內爾住宅的設計以“尼康”（無定/矛盾）的概念為主導，它包含了馬內爾穆達拉利和家人推崇的鄉(xiāng)村文化的悠閑與隨和。從這個概念出發(fā)，產生了一個完全開放的住宅，中間環(huán)繞著一個水池，只有臥室是封閉的。形成的平面在空間上具有某種矛盾性，而各種功能可以根據家庭不同的需要調整。起居空間通常用于就餐，讓全家可以坐下來，手持飯盤一同用餐。餐桌也是用于家庭輔導兒子的場所。開放的公共區(qū)域通過中間的水池與室外和花園相連。

這座住宅的走向順著自然風，熱空氣由庭院和相連的通往花園的露天小道排出。借助被動通風系統(tǒng)，住宅周圍全年都保持著涼爽怡人的溫度?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Mr. & Mrs. S. Bandaragoda

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Hirante Welandawe

設計團隊/Design Team: Ravindu Karunanayake, Pulasthi Wijekoon, Ruwini Dharmasiri

材料/Materials: 鋼筋混凝土與粘土磚，粘土蓋瓦木質屋頂/Reinforced concrete and clay bricks, timber roof with clay cover tiles

基地面積/Site Area: 594m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 545m2

造價/Cost: 300,000 USD

設計時間/Design Period: 5個月/5 months

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2003.12

攝影/Photos: Eresh Weerasuriya

2 供來訪的大家族成員使用的通往上層公寓的入口/Entrance to upper floor apartment for visiting extented family members

3 朝向迎風面的懸掛式窗戶為捕捉微風而設計/Suspended windows facing the wind direction are designed to catch the breeze

4 朝西通往主樓的入口庭院/Entry court facing west leading to main house

Manel Nivasa (Home of Manel) is an important project for our practice as it allowed us to test our ideas on how lifestyles and personalities of home owners could shape the architecture. The Owner of Manel nivasa, Manel Mudalali, a self-made businessman (locally referred to as a mudalali),his wife, son and their specific life-style rooted in the Sinhala-Buddhist culture was the source of inspiration in conceptualising their home.

"Mudalali" is a distinctive type of business personnel in Sri Lanka. Mudalali's dress in traditional attire and conduct their business in an informal way primarily based on trust. Although some Mudalali have createdfinancial empires in the city, they still maintain their traditional roots with their life revolving around their work, the Bhuddhist temple and the extended family.

The design for Manel Nivasa is governed by the concept of "nikang" (undefined/ambivalent) which encapsulates the laid-back and accommodating temperament of rural culture idolised by Manel Mudalali and his family. Spinning off this idea is a completely open house situated around a central water body where only the sleeping areas are enclosed, offering a plan which is spatially ambivalent where the functions could be changed according to the varying needs of the family. The living space is often used for dining where the extended family would sit with the plate of rice in their hand to eat together and the dining table is more often a place for home tutoring for their son. The open public areas are connected to outdoors and the garden through the centrally placed water body.

The house is laid along the natural wind path and hot air is taken out of the house through courtyards and connected open path ways to the gardens.Through the system of passive ventilation the house maintains an ambient cool temperature throughout the year.□

5 底層平面/Ground floor plan

6 上層平面/Upper floor plan

7 剖面/Section

評論

王亦知：從平面功能上看，這座為信奉佛教的“穆達拉利”商人打造的住宅并沒有什么特別的：客廳、餐廳、臥室、廚房、衛(wèi)生間，相信一個中國家庭無需改造也可以安然入住，這正反映出全球化背景下生活方式的趨同。按照“現(xiàn)代”的方式重塑本土的生活，似乎也正是建筑師所追求的“矛盾”。然而正如在全球各地發(fā)生的情況，住宅的使用模式并不完全按照建筑師的設想執(zhí)行，從而自發(fā)呈現(xiàn)出一種“無定”的狀態(tài)。

丁建華：斯里蘭卡相對溫和的常夏氣候使建筑的“開放”成為可能，并在能量與空間的雙重維度上得以展現(xiàn)。馬內爾住宅的整體布局環(huán)繞中央水庭徐徐展開，外部的氣候能量與內在的空間精神在此融會貫通。在空間維度上，水庭成為不同功能空間的向心凝聚點，藍色波光的渲染下，其不再僅僅是一個景觀布置，更是尋求內心平靜的精神場所。在能量維度上，開放而通高的水庭也成為被動式的自然通風廊道，既能排除室內額外的熱量，也能進一步通過蒸騰作用調節(jié)室內溫濕。

Comments

WANG Yizhi:From the perspective of functions on plan, there is nothing special in designing a residential house for a "Mudalali" business owner who happens to be a Buddhist: a living room, a dining room, bedrooms,a kitchen, and bathrooms. Apparently, a Chinese family could also move in and start their life right away without any realignment, re fl ecting the convergence of life styles around the world under globalisation. What the architect is pursuing seems to be a "contradiction":reshaping the local life following a "modern"methodology. Nevertheless, like what is happening all around the world, the house is not used as what the architect designed, thus presents a spontaneous"unsettled" atmosphere. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

DING Jianhua:Sri Lanka's relatively mild climate in summer has made it possible for buildings to be "open"as demonstrated in the dual dimensions of energy and space. The overall layout of the Manel Nivasa is centred around a central water court, where the external climate energy and inner space spirit blend.In the spatial dimension, the water court becomes a centripetal point of convergence of different functional spaces. Under the rendering of blue wave light, it is not only a landscape, but also a spiritual place to seek inner peace. In the energy dimension, the open and 2- floorhigh water atrium also becomes a passive natural ventilation corridor, which can exhaust additional heat from the room and further adjust the indoor temperature and humidity through transpiration.

8起居-餐飲空間是一個提供靈活使用空間的大廳/The livingdining space is a large hall providing for flexible use of space.

9一個線性水池沿著風道布置，用來冷卻兩側的公共區(qū)域/A linear pool places alone the wind path cools the public areas placed on either side.

10 中央水體/The central water body

11住宅沿著自然風道布置，熱空氣通過庭院及與其相連接的開放路徑被帶出屋子。通過被動通風系統(tǒng)，住宅全年保持環(huán)境涼爽/The house is laid along the natural wind path and hot air is taken out of the house through courtyards and connected open paths. Through the system of passive ventilation the house maintains an ambient cool temperature throughout the year.

12木制橋梁連接住宅兩翼，使視線穿過地板與水體連通/Timber bridges span between the two wings allowing visual connection to water through the floor.