內(nèi)隆藝術(shù)中心，科倫坡，斯里蘭卡

建筑設(shè)計：希蘭特·韋蘭達維/HW建筑事務(wù)所

1西南立面是開放的，但捕捉微風的被動通風系統(tǒng)可保護建筑經(jīng)受季節(jié)變換/The southwestern fa?ade is open but weather protected to catch the breeze for passive ventilation.

內(nèi)隆藝術(shù)中心的創(chuàng)立得益于一位芭蕾舞女演員。早在斯里蘭卡的城市還不接受舞蹈作為上層婦女的職業(yè)時，她就有機會去西方學習芭蕾舞。這座中心是在斯里蘭卡30年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間構(gòu)思出來的，目的是讓不同種族的人能在此一起學習、表演和體驗這種藝術(shù)。

內(nèi)隆藝術(shù)中心位于城市的核心，隨地段呈L形，在兩翼的交點處是一個方形的開放公共空間。與街道垂直的一翼是舞蹈室、商業(yè)出租的辦公空間和咖啡廳，二期在面向主街的一翼設(shè)計了一個300座的劇場。

項目的一個關(guān)鍵設(shè)計思路是藝術(shù)中心如何建立與城市的聯(lián)系。劇場的舞臺靠近公共開放空間，既可以朝向劇場內(nèi)的演出，也能面對坐在廣場里的觀眾。公共廣場的基底與舞臺的相同，所以公共廣場也可以作為一個傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)地/低地舞蹈形式和打鼓表演的排練空間；朝向公共空間的表演在視覺上與街道是相連的，這樣沒有參加藝術(shù)活動的人就可以在路過時欣賞一下演出。這種將劇場活動與城市聯(lián)系在一起的做法，借鑒的是在公共開放空間進行的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈/打鼓表演和排練（祭神舞?。?，是鄉(xiāng)村生活的重要組成部分，人人都可以免費參加這種活動。

采用環(huán)保可持續(xù)的材料和施工做法雖然昂貴，但對于項目的公共建筑屬性而言是非常重要的。曬干土坯磚和4×2剖面的層壓木桁架（傳統(tǒng)屋頂椽子的常用術(shù)語）的運用決定了內(nèi)隆藝術(shù)中心的建筑特色。層壓桁架設(shè)計同雨水管整合在一起，收集到的雨水在入口處噴向與回收水系統(tǒng)相連的大水罐。

除劇場外，整個建筑都采用被動通風系統(tǒng)換氣：洞口開在迎風向上，熱空氣由多個風斗排出?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

The Nelung Arts Centre is the brainchild of a ballerina who was given the opportunity to learn western ballet dance when dancing was not an acceptable vocation for upper class women of urban Sri Lanka. The Nelung Arts Centre was conceived during the thirty-year civil war in Sri Lanka, as a place where people of different ethnic origins could come together to learn, perform and experience the arts.

Located in the heart of the city and shaped in the form of an "L" as its site, the Nelung Arts Centre stands around a square open public space which is positioned at the meeting point of two linear segments. The linear wing perpendicular to the street provides a dance studio, commercial rentable office spaces and a cafeteria; a theatre for 300 is proposed as a second phase in the linear wing facing the main street.

One of the key design strategies of the project was how the Nelung Arts Centre created its linkages to the city. The stage of the theatre is positioned next to the public open space and could be opened to a performance inside the theatre as well as an audience seated on the square. The footprint of the public square is identical to the footprint of the stage so the public square could function also as a rehearsal space particularly for traditional upcountry/low country dance forms and drumming events; the performances facing the public square which is visually connected to the street so that people who do not have access to such artistic events could get a glimpse or hear the performance as they pass by. This act of connecting the theatre activity to the city references traditional dance/drumming performances and rehearsals which are conducted in public open spaces (Kohomba kankariya/Gam maduwa) and are part and parcel of village life with free access to such events for everyone.

Incorporating environmentally sustainable materials and construction practices, although costly, was important to the project considering its role as a public building. The use of sun dried soil blocks, and laminated timber trusses made of "4×2"timber sections (common parlance for traditionally used roof rafters) define the architecture of Nelung Arts Centre. The laminated truss design is integrated with the rain water plumbing and the collection of the rain water is celebrated at the entrance with the rain water spouting on to a water pitcher leading to the recycled water system.

The entire project excluding the theatre is ventilated through a passive ventilation system:openings have been placed facing the wind direction and hot air is extracted through several wind funnels.□

2建筑模型/Model

3采用環(huán)?？沙掷m(xù)的材料和施工做法雖然昂貴，但對于項目的公共建筑屬性而言是非常重要的/Incorporating environmentally sustainable materials and construction practices, although costly, was important to the project considering its role as a public building.

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: Hyde Park Corner, Colombo 02, Sri Lanka

客戶/Client: Ms. Niloufer Pieris, Chair person Nelung Arts Foundation

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Hirante Welandawe

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: Pulasthi Wijekoon, Ruwini Dharmasiri

材料/Materials: 鋼筋混凝土，壓縮曬干泥土砌塊，層壓木屋架，鋼屋架/Reinforced concrete, pressed sun dried soil blocks, laminated timber roof trusses, steel roof

場地面積/Site Area: 1917m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2295m2（一期/Phase I）+3333m2（二期/Phase II）

造價/Cost: 650,000 USD（一期/Phase I）

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 9個月/9 months

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2010.05

攝影/Photos: Kesara Rathnavibhushana

4 地下層平面/Basement floor plan

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 二層平面/First floor plan

7 三層平面/Second floor plan

8 屋頂平面/Roof floor plan

9 立面/Elevation

10 剖面/Section

評論

莊慎：內(nèi)隆藝術(shù)中心項目的設(shè)計看得出來是遵循了一種開放與務(wù)實的設(shè)計理念，輕鋼與木的外向結(jié)構(gòu)支架與屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計強化了這樣的個性。這仿佛也是現(xiàn)代舞蹈的文化與當?shù)氐纳鐣幕佑|、交流所采取的態(tài)度。二期未來的劇場舞臺與對外開放的廣場采用了互動的多功能布局，這也同樣可以視作是一種簡樸直接的現(xiàn)實設(shè)計策略。

程曉喜：這是一個旨在實現(xiàn)社會理想的建筑。在其二期完成之前，建筑方面的特點（如以變化的坡屋頂打破大體量帶來的敦實感）似乎還難以展現(xiàn)，但其社會理想?yún)s已初露端倪。一方面體現(xiàn)在材料、構(gòu)造的樸質(zhì)、環(huán)保，如裸露的磚墻、精細的木桁架、自然通風的舞蹈教室；另一方面則是其努力開放，努力吸納，將建筑與城市密切聯(lián)系起來的姿態(tài)——在一期建筑布局垂直于街道的不利條件下，臺階、坡道、傾斜的柱廊都在努力強化這一聯(lián)系。只是不知臨街的大鐵門何時會被關(guān)閉。

Comments

ZHUANG Shen:The Nelung Arts Centre project obviously follows an open and pragmatic design concept. The character is reinforced by the outward structural system and the roof made of light steel and wood. This is also an attitude that should be taken towards the contact and exchange between the culture of modern dance and local society. The future theatre stage and the open square are arranged in an interactive multi-functional layout in phase II, which can also be regarded as a simple, direct and realistic design strategy.

CHENG Xiaoxi:This is a building designed to realise the social ideal. Before the completion of Phase II, the architectural features (such as breaking the sense of heaviness from the massive volume by the changing pitched roofs) seemed diffcult to show, but its social ideals had begun to emerge. On the one hand, it is embodied in the simplicity and environmental protection of materials and structures, such as bare brick walls, refined wooden trusses and naturally ventilated dance classrooms; on the other hand, it is in the position of striving to open, absorb and closely link the building to the city - under the disadvantageous condition that the layout of the building in Phrase I is perpendicular to the street, the steps, ramps and inclined corridors are all trying to strengthen this connection. It is just a question that perhaps someday,the big iron gate on the street will be closed. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

11面向主要街道的屋頂傾斜，保護舞蹈工作室免受主要道路噪音的影響/The roof facing the main street turns down protecting the dance studio from the noise the main road.

12層壓桁架設(shè)計同雨水管整合在一起，收集到的雨水在入口處匯入雨水收集罐/The laminated truss design is integrated with the rain water plumbing and the collection of rain water is celebrated at the entrance with rain water spouting on to a water pitcher leading to the water harvesting tanks.

13中庭大廳/Atrium lobby

14內(nèi)景/Interior view

15整個屋頂?shù)蔫旒茉O(shè)計是由來源經(jīng)濟的“4×2”木椽完成的/The entire roof is made up of trusses designed with economically sourced "4×2" timber rafters.