山村狂歡節(jié)

文、圖／王忠謀

鑼鼓喧天，巨龍飛舞，秧歌扭動(dòng)，旱船逶迤，萬(wàn)人空巷……元宵節(jié)前夕，地處濟(jì)南郊區(qū)錦屏山下、巴漏河畔的三德范莊，一年一度的扮玩活動(dòng)進(jìn)入高潮。千余村民參與演出，七十多個(gè)節(jié)目陸續(xù)登場(chǎng)，隊(duì)伍長(zhǎng)達(dá)一公里多。不僅本村男女老幼全體出動(dòng)，爭(zhēng)相觀看，吶喊助威，而且吸引了周邊城市和村鎮(zhèn)的游客慕名而來(lái)……一個(gè)山村的元宵民俗活動(dòng)能有如此陣勢(shì)和吸引力，實(shí)在令人驚嘆。

扮玩，作為傳統(tǒng)的民間文化娛樂活動(dòng)，以濃郁的鄉(xiāng)土氣息和寓教于樂的豐富內(nèi)容，歷來(lái)為群眾喜聞樂見。三德范崇尚扮玩，歷史久遠(yuǎn)，并以形式多種多樣、內(nèi)容豐富多彩、演藝精湛、氣勢(shì)宏大而聲名遠(yuǎn)播。清道光年間《章丘縣志》記載：“道光十八年（1838年），旱船在三德范盛行，且聞名遐邇?！苯?jīng)世代繼承創(chuàng)新，逐步形成傳統(tǒng)。上至耄耋老人，下至幾歲的娃娃，幾乎人人都能上陣。

每年一過正月初五，全村“十巷”便紛紛行動(dòng)起來(lái)——扎龍燈、造旱船、綁高蹺、做服裝、選演員、搞排練……正月十二前，各自在本巷內(nèi)熱身磨合；十四、十五全村“會(huì)演”，進(jìn)入高潮。十支隊(duì)伍在玄帝閣附近廣場(chǎng)和中心橋到勝利橋的道路上擺開陣勢(shì)，競(jìng)相展示自己的演技和“絕活”。以觀眾的喝彩聲、掌聲為最高榮譽(yù)和獎(jiǎng)賞。

“芯子”，是扮玩中規(guī)格最高、影響力最大的項(xiàng)目。表演時(shí)，演員站在一條六七米長(zhǎng)的木桿上，模擬各種戲曲人物動(dòng)作，多名青年男子輪流肩抬并伴隨鑼鼓樂譜邁著花步前后走動(dòng)，十分壯觀。舞龍、舞獅、旱船、花轎也依次相隨，其他各巷扮玩隊(duì)伍更是魚貫而來(lái)，各領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷：?jiǎn)渭蚁锏幕ü鲗?duì)打以器械飛舞、砰叭作響吸人耳目；太平巷的竹馬中，劉、關(guān)、張圍定呂布，“講述”著《三英戰(zhàn)呂布》的歷史故事；金家巷的旱船把“起錨”“升帆”“迎風(fēng)”等動(dòng)作描摹得惟妙惟肖、生動(dòng)逼真；太平巷的《傻小子撲蝴蝶》則以演員裝扮憨頭憨腦、動(dòng)作滑稽幽默令觀眾前仰后合、捧腹大笑；“壓軸戲”是張家巷的扮玩隊(duì)伍，他們的轉(zhuǎn)盤芯子《王小趕腳》多年來(lái)已成為保留節(jié)目……

2.女兒上芯子，媽媽來(lái)護(hù)駕。A girl performs Xinzi, accompanied by her mother.

3.芯子《王小趕腳》中“二姑娘”扮演者趙業(yè)晨?jī)H6歲。In the Xinzi performance Wang Xiao Driving Donkey,Zhao Yechen cast as “Erguniang” is only 6 years old.

4.扮玩要精彩，化妝尤為重要。To achieve wonderful role play, makeup is particularly important.

待到夕陽(yáng)西下，皓月東升，晚場(chǎng)表演拉開帷幕。玄帝閣附近、河道兩側(cè)，龍燈、宮燈、蚌燈接連不斷，變成一片燈的海洋。夜色朦朧中，表演者更加自然灑脫；圍觀群眾隨著扮玩隊(duì)伍潮水般忽進(jìn)忽退，時(shí)前時(shí)后；擂鼓者晃動(dòng)雙臂，鼓聲震天；使鈸者甩開膀子，鈸聲貫耳；臨街商家點(diǎn)亮燈籠，熱情叫賣；孩童們則纏著父母討要玩具和美食……整個(gè)山村沉醉在一片歡樂的海洋中。

因了久負(fù)盛名的“扮玩”，也因了崇文尚禮的村風(fēng)和眾多的歷史文化遺存，現(xiàn)如今，三德范已經(jīng)躋身“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落”行列。

編輯／郭蓓蓓

1.觀賞“扮玩”活動(dòng)之余，孩子們才是扮玩最大的贏家。After watching the "role play" activities, the children are the biggest "winners" in role play.

2.觀者云集，水泄不通。The performance area is crowded with visitors.

3.明月東升，晚間活動(dòng)同樣精彩。As the bright moon rises from the east, the evening activity is also wonderful.

4.“芯子”是扮玩中規(guī)格最高、影響力最大的項(xiàng)目?！癤inzi” is the highest-level and most influential style of role play.

5.舉家出動(dòng)，只為一睹傳統(tǒng)文化風(fēng)采。The whole family gathered to witness the elegance of traditional culture.

On the eve of the Lantern Festival, an annual role play activity reached the climax at Sandefan Village by the Balou River at the foot of the Jinping Mountain,suburbs of Jinan. The native men and women of all ages all participated in the activity, competed to watch performances, and cheered the performers. Moreover, it attracted visitors from surrounding cities,towns and villages.

As a traditional folk cultural entertainment activity, role play, with rich local elements and edutainment content, has always been popular among the masses. Sandefan fosters role play, which has a long history and is widely known for its various forms, colorful contents, superb performances and magnificence.According to the record of the Annals of Zhangqiu County in the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty,“In the 18th year of the Daoguang Period (1838), land boats prevailed in Sandefan, and were known far and wide.” Through inheritance and innovation from generation to generation, a tradition was gradually formed. Almost everyone would perform, from the elderly in their eighties to children below the age of ten. Due to the long-standing “role play”, the village spirit of advocating culture and etiquette as well as the numerous historic and cultural relics ,Sandefan has ranked amongst “China’s Traditional Villages”.