楊苓 陳燕東 羅安 懷坤山 周樂(lè)明
摘 要:在并網(wǎng)逆變器的無(wú)差拍電流控制中,逆變器輸出濾波電感值變化和滯后一拍延時(shí)會(huì)直接影響并網(wǎng)電流的畸變率、系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性與動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度.對(duì)此,本文提出了一種魯棒脈寬調(diào)制的無(wú)差拍并網(wǎng)控制方法,減小了因?yàn)V波電感值變化對(duì)并網(wǎng)電流造成的畸變,有效地解決了滯后一拍控制引入的延時(shí)問(wèn)題,降低了系統(tǒng)閉環(huán)傳遞函數(shù)的特征根方程階次,提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性及動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度.分析了濾波電感偏差系數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響,得到系統(tǒng)臨界穩(wěn)定的濾波電感偏差系數(shù)隨著濾波電感的寄生電阻和線路等效電阻的增大而增大,隨著采樣頻率的增大而減小的結(jié)論.綜合考慮系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性與動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度,給出了關(guān)鍵控制參數(shù)的優(yōu)化選取范圍.仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了所提方法的有效性.
關(guān)鍵詞:無(wú)差拍并網(wǎng)控制;魯棒脈寬調(diào)制;滯后一拍控制;穩(wěn)定性;動(dòng)態(tài)性
中圖分類號(hào):TM464 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
Abstract: In the gridconnected inverter based on the deadbeat current control, the filter inductance variation and onestepdelay control delay affect the distortion of the grid current, stability and dynamic response speed of the system. In this paper, a deadbeat gridconnected control method based on robust PWM is proposed, which reduces the distortion of the grid current caused by the filter inductance variation, effectively solves the delay of the onestepdelay control, reduces the characteristic root equation order of the closedloop transfer function of the system, and improves the stability and dynamic response speed of the system. The influence of the filter inductance deviation coefficient on the system performance is analyzed, and the filter inductance deviation coefficient of the system critical stability increases with the increase of the parasitic resistance of the filter inductance and the line equivalent resistance and decreases with the increase of the sampling frequency. Considering the stability and dynamic response speed of the system, the optimal selection range of the key control parameters is given. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Key words:deadbeat gridconnected control; robust PWM; onestepdelay control; stability; dynamic
隨著化石能源的不斷衰竭,新能源分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)越來(lái)越受到人們的重視[1-4],其中,并網(wǎng)逆變器是分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心部分[5-8],其作用是將來(lái)自分布式電源的電能轉(zhuǎn)換為電網(wǎng)可接受的交流電能.而無(wú)差拍電流控制以并網(wǎng)逆變器數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ),依賴于主電路的實(shí)際電氣參數(shù),理論上可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)靜差控制[9-12].因其快速的電流瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)、精確的電流跟蹤特性及全數(shù)字化控制,成為理想的電流控制策略.
但是無(wú)差拍控制存在著依賴精確的電氣模型和控制延時(shí)等不足.一方面,濾波電感值無(wú)法精確檢測(cè),甚至隨著并網(wǎng)電流增加,濾波電感進(jìn)入飽和狀態(tài),從而引起濾波電感值減小,這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致模型中的濾波電感值與實(shí)際濾波電感值存在一定偏差,影響無(wú)差拍控制的控制精度,引起并網(wǎng)電流畸變[13-14];另一方面,在無(wú)差拍電流控制下,采樣和計(jì)算的固有延時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致并網(wǎng)逆變器存在最大占空比受限的問(wèn)題,因此系統(tǒng)多采用滯后一拍控制[15].而滯后一拍控制帶來(lái)的控制延時(shí)會(huì)增加系統(tǒng)開(kāi)環(huán)脈沖傳遞函數(shù)的極點(diǎn)數(shù),引起閉環(huán)脈沖傳遞函數(shù)極點(diǎn)的變化,這不僅影響到系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,還會(huì)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性產(chǎn)生影響.因此,如何提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、響應(yīng)速度以及降低并網(wǎng)電流的畸變,已成為并網(wǎng)逆變器的研究重點(diǎn)和目標(biāo).
文獻(xiàn)[16]提出一種電感在線辨識(shí)的電流預(yù)測(cè)控制方案,電感在線辨識(shí)控制策略在靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程中能夠準(zhǔn)確地辨識(shí)電感的大小.文獻(xiàn)[17]提出了一種濾波電感參數(shù)的在線估計(jì)方法,從而可以防止傳統(tǒng)預(yù)測(cè)電流控制方法在濾波電感參數(shù)不匹配時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的電流相位差和系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題.然而上述文獻(xiàn)均未考慮滯后一拍控制延時(shí)所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題.
預(yù)測(cè)電流控制技術(shù)被提出并用于補(bǔ)償延時(shí)[15, 18-19],文獻(xiàn)[15]提出了一種應(yīng)用變步長(zhǎng)自適應(yīng)濾波算法對(duì)輸入電流進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)控制的方法,解決了采樣及計(jì)算延時(shí)所帶來(lái)的變換器最大占空比受限問(wèn)題.由于算法中的加權(quán)系數(shù)隨每個(gè)采樣周期預(yù)測(cè)誤差進(jìn)行自適應(yīng)調(diào)整,所以算法具有較好的穩(wěn)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)精度.文獻(xiàn)[18-19]提出線性預(yù)測(cè)方法,根據(jù)當(dāng)前和過(guò)去時(shí)刻的信息以及控制對(duì)象的模型,估計(jì)出下一拍的信息,該方法雖然消除了延時(shí),但是依賴模型的準(zhǔn)確性,存在一定的估計(jì)誤差.
同時(shí),采用電流觀測(cè)器預(yù)測(cè)下一拍電流[10, 20],對(duì)電流參考進(jìn)行超前預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)延時(shí)補(bǔ)償.文獻(xiàn)[10]提出了采用基于重復(fù)控制思想的狀態(tài)觀測(cè)器對(duì)并網(wǎng)電流進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)的方法,解決了電流穩(wěn)定性受控制延時(shí)影響的問(wèn)題,提高了并網(wǎng)電流預(yù)測(cè)精度.文獻(xiàn)[20]提出了一種改進(jìn)的自適應(yīng)自調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)載模型的無(wú)差拍電流控制方案,采用了改進(jìn)的具有延遲補(bǔ)償功能的無(wú)差拍電流控制器,實(shí)現(xiàn)了高帶寬電流控制特性,補(bǔ)償了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的延遲.但是,由于參考電流變化的不確定性,使用單一預(yù)測(cè)算法在一些電流參考變化情況下,會(huì)造成較大的電流超調(diào)或相位滯后,使系統(tǒng)性能變差.
對(duì)此,本文首先介紹了并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu).其次,提出了一種魯棒脈寬調(diào)制的無(wú)差拍并網(wǎng)控制方法,降低了因?yàn)V波電感值變化對(duì)并網(wǎng)電流造成的畸變,有效地解決了滯后一拍控制引入的延時(shí)問(wèn)題,提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性及動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度.然后,考慮濾波電感的寄生電阻和線路等效電阻,通過(guò)分析濾波電感偏差系數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響,給出了合適的控制參數(shù)范圍.最后,搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了所提方法的有效性.
1 并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及控制策略
1.1 光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)
4 結(jié) 論
在并網(wǎng)逆變器的無(wú)差拍電流控制中,逆變器輸出濾波電感值變化和滯后一拍延時(shí)會(huì)直接影響并網(wǎng)電流的畸變率、系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性與動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度.對(duì)此,本文提出了一種魯棒脈寬調(diào)制的無(wú)差拍并網(wǎng)控制方法,包括電壓外環(huán)電流內(nèi)環(huán)雙閉環(huán)控制和魯棒脈寬調(diào)制.電壓外環(huán)采用PI控制,穩(wěn)定逆變器直流側(cè)電容電壓;電流內(nèi)環(huán)采用參數(shù)修正無(wú)差拍控制,降低了因?yàn)V波電感值變化對(duì)并網(wǎng)電流造成的畸變;魯棒脈寬調(diào)制有效地解決了滯后一拍控制引入的延時(shí)問(wèn)題,提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性及動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度.
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