饒大龐 虞海峰 王帥彬 孫來芳
[摘要] 目的 探討miRNA-149抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲的可能分子機(jī)制。 方法 采用PolyJetTMDNA In Vitro Tranfection Reagent將miRNA-149 過表達(dá)質(zhì)粒穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染膀胱癌細(xì)胞T24、T24T,并用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測轉(zhuǎn)染率;利用免疫蛋白印跡法檢測EMT標(biāo)志蛋白及miRNA-149下游靶基因IGFBP5和PDGFRA蛋白的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 在T24、T24T細(xì)胞中成功過表達(dá)miRNA-149,且差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。miRNA-149顯著抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞EMT發(fā)生,從而抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲。進(jìn)一步機(jī)制研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-149可抑制其下游靶基因IGFBP5和PDGFRA蛋白的表達(dá)。 結(jié)論 該研究表明miRNA-149抑制膀胱癌侵襲可能與EMT的發(fā)生及其下游基因IGFBP5和PDGFRA的表達(dá)密切相關(guān),為臨床膀胱癌的轉(zhuǎn)移研究提供了新的啟示。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膀胱癌;miRNA-149;侵襲;EMT;IGFBP5;PDGFRA
[中圖分類號] R737.14 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)26-0038-04
Study on the preliminary molecular mechanism of miRNA-149 inhibiting bladder cancer cell invasion
RAO Dapang YU Haifeng WANG Shuaibin SUN Laifang
Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Childrens Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the possible molecular mechanism of miRNA-149 inhibiting the invasion of bladder cancer cells. Methods miRNA-149 overexpression plasmid was stably transfected into bladder cancer cells T24, T24T using PolyJetTM DNA In Vitro Tranfection Reagent, and the transfection rate was detected by real-time PCR; the expression of EMT marker protein and miRNA-149 downstream target genes IGFBP5 and PDGFRA proteins were detected by Western blot method. Results miRNA-149 was successfully overexpressed in T24 and T24T cells, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). miRNA-149 significantly inhibited the occurrence of EMT in bladder cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the invasion of bladder cancer cells. Further mechanism studies found that miRNA-149 inhibited the expression of its downstream target genes IGFBP5 and PDGFRA proteins. Conclusion This study demonstrates that miRNA-149 inhibition of bladder cancer invasion may be closely related to the occurrence of EMT and the expression of downstream genes IGFBP5 and PDGFRA, providing new insights for the study on clinical bladder cancer metastasis.
[Key words] Bladder cancer; miRNA-149; Invasion; EMT; IGFBP5; PDGFRA
膀胱癌是我國最常見惡性腫瘤之一,居泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤之首位,且近年來其發(fā)病率有上升趨勢。男性發(fā)病率是女性的3~4倍,男性膀胱癌的發(fā)病率居全身腫瘤第8位,女性排在第 12 位以后[1,2]。近年來,我國部分城市腫瘤發(fā)病率報告顯示膀胱癌發(fā)病率有增高趨勢[3]。攻克膀胱癌已成為保護(hù)廣大人民群眾的身體健康、提高人民群眾的生活質(zhì)量的必然要求。而腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移涉及腫瘤細(xì)胞一系列細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為,其中腫瘤細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)是腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的第一步,然而其分子機(jī)制尚未充分研究[4]。
近年來,miRNA在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)移中發(fā)揮重要作用。其中miRNA-149被報道參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的EMT、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移過程[5-6]。然而未見miRNA-149在膀胱癌轉(zhuǎn)移中的相關(guān)報道。我們課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-149在膀胱癌組織和細(xì)胞中表達(dá)降低,miRNA-149過表達(dá)可顯著抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲,因此本研究將進(jìn)一步探討miRNA-149抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲的分子機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1主要材料與試劑
人膀胱癌細(xì)胞株 T24、T24T由本實驗室保存。DMEM/Ham's F-12(1:1 volume)培養(yǎng)基購于美國GIBCO公司,細(xì)胞總RNA提取試劑盒購自美國QIAGEN公司,熒光定量PCR試劑盒購自美國QIAGEN公司,轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒PolyJetTM DNA In Vitro Transfection Reagent購自美國Sigma 公司,LV3-pGLV -h1-GFP-puro-Mir-149-5p-pre以及對照質(zhì)粒均購自上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司,β-catenin、E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、PDGFRA、IGFBP5抗體均購自Abcam公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞株的培養(yǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)染和分組
實驗用所有細(xì)胞株均使用含5%胎牛血清的DMEM/Ham's F-12(1:1 volume)培養(yǎng)基,并置于37℃ 5% 的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.3 構(gòu)建miRNA-149穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)膀胱癌細(xì)胞
轉(zhuǎn)染前1天將T24、T24T細(xì)胞種于6孔板中,待細(xì)胞生長至70%左右進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染前 1 h,棄掉培養(yǎng)基,用PBS洗一次,加入1 mL不含血清,不含抗生素DMEM 培養(yǎng)基。將目的質(zhì)粒(3 μg)和 PolyJetTM(9 μL)分別加入到50 μL DMEM 培養(yǎng)基中,混勻后電轉(zhuǎn)。室溫靜置10~15 min,然后將混合液逐滴加入相應(yīng)孔中,輕輕晃動6孔板至均勻后置于37℃、5% CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。24 h后采用嘌呤霉素進(jìn)行篩選,待克隆形成后提取RNA并采用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測轉(zhuǎn)染率。
1.4 Western Blot檢測miRNA-149 過表達(dá)對膀胱癌細(xì)胞中EMT的影響
將miRNA-149過表達(dá)細(xì)胞和對照細(xì)胞分別種于6孔板中,48 h后提取細(xì)胞蛋白,檢測EMT相關(guān)標(biāo)志物的表達(dá)水平。
1.5 Western Blot檢測miRNA-149 過表達(dá)細(xì)胞中靶基因PDGFRA、IGFBP5的表達(dá)
使用TargetScan在線軟件預(yù)測miRNA-149的靶基因,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)PDGFRA、IGFBP5的3UTR區(qū)域分別包含一個保守的miRNA-411 的靶位點。于是將miRNA-149過表達(dá)細(xì)胞和對照細(xì)胞分別種于6孔板中,48 h后提取細(xì)胞蛋白,檢測PDGFRA、IGFBP5的表達(dá)水平。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用 SPSS18.0 統(tǒng)計軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,利用t檢驗方法檢測兩組之間的差異,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 miRNA-149 穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染膀胱癌細(xì)胞對miRNA-149表達(dá)量的影響
本研究采用PolyJetTM將miRNA-149成熟體質(zhì)粒及其對照載體轉(zhuǎn)染膀胱癌T24、T24T細(xì)胞,經(jīng)篩選后采用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測miRNA-149的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果表明在T24細(xì)胞(P=0.0390)、T24T細(xì)胞(P=0.0392)成功過表達(dá)miRNA-149,且差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,見表1、圖1A、1B。
2.2 miRNA-149過表達(dá)對膀胱癌細(xì)胞EMT的影響
為進(jìn)一步研究miRNA-149抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲的潛在機(jī)制,本文采用Western Blot技術(shù)檢測miRNA-149過表達(dá)組與對照組中EMT的相關(guān)標(biāo)志蛋白的變化。結(jié)果顯示,與對照組相比,T24-miRNA-149、T24T-miRNA-149細(xì)胞中上皮性標(biāo)志物E-cadherin、β-catenin表達(dá)明顯升高,而間質(zhì)性標(biāo)志物N-cadherin、Vimentin表達(dá)明顯降低,見圖2。因此該結(jié)果表明miRNA-149顯著抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞EMT發(fā)生,從而抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲。
2.3 miRNA-149對下游基因PDGFRA、IGFBP5的影響
使用 TargetScan在線軟件預(yù)測 miRNA-149的靶基因,發(fā)現(xiàn)PDGFRA、IGFBP5的3UTR 區(qū)域分別包含一個保守的miRNA-411 的靶位點。接著采用Western Blot實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-149過表達(dá)可顯著抑制PDGFRA、IGFBP5蛋白的表達(dá),見圖3。因此miRNA-149可能通過抑制其下游基因PDGFRA、IGFBP5蛋白的表達(dá)從而抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲。
3 討論
膀胱癌是我國泌尿系統(tǒng)最常見的惡性腫瘤之一[7],其發(fā)生發(fā)展與多種因素相關(guān),涉及遺傳和環(huán)境因素,然而分子機(jī)制研究尚未完全清楚[8-9]。研究顯示,出現(xiàn)區(qū)域或遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的膀胱癌患者的5年生存率僅45%和6%[10]。腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移是腫瘤從一個器官播散到不相鄰的另一個器官,一般認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)移是實體腫瘤進(jìn)展的最后一步,是腫瘤患者死亡的最重要原因[11],因此,膀胱腫瘤早期診斷、治療對于提高預(yù)后非常重要。近年來,隨著惡性腫瘤發(fā)生和復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險的分子標(biāo)記物研究的開展,腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移涉及腫瘤細(xì)胞一系列細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為,其中腫瘤細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(Epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)發(fā)揮重要作用[12-13]。研究表明miRNA在包括膀胱癌等癌灶中普遍存在,且與癌旁組織存在差異表達(dá),miRNA可作為腫瘤抑癌基因或促癌基因,參與膀胱癌細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)程、細(xì)胞凋亡、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的多個步驟過程[14-19]。
miR-149(GenBank ID:406941;miRBase ID:MI00 00478)是近年來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的miRNA,定位于2q37.3,成熟的miR-149-5p長23nt,miR-149-3p長21nt[20]。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR149-3P可以通過靶向S100A4在UM-UC-3膀胱癌細(xì)胞系中發(fā)揮抑癌作用[21]。也有文獻(xiàn)報道m(xù)iRNA-149可以靶向FOXM1基因,從而參與TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的EMT[5,22]。E-cadherin、β-catenin是上皮性標(biāo)志物,N-cadherin、Vimentin是間質(zhì)性標(biāo)志物,通過檢測該標(biāo)志物表達(dá)的變化可預(yù)測EMT的發(fā)生[23]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-149在膀胱癌組織和細(xì)胞中顯著降低,進(jìn)一步研究顯示膀胱癌細(xì)胞過表達(dá)miRNA-149可抑制間質(zhì)性標(biāo)志物N-cadherin、Vimentin表達(dá),上調(diào)上皮性標(biāo)志物E-cadherin、β-catenin表達(dá),因此,miR-149抑制膀胱癌細(xì)胞侵襲可能與抑制EMT發(fā)生有關(guān)。miRNA149 主要通過與靶基因的3UTR結(jié)合從而發(fā)揮促癌或抑癌的作用。IGFBP5、PDGFRA都是膀胱癌的抑癌基因[24,25]。文獻(xiàn)報道膀胱癌標(biāo)本和細(xì)胞系與INSR/IGF1R的活化呈負(fù)相關(guān),具有IGF1R酪氨酸的抗增殖功效激酶抑制劑,提示IGFBP5在膀胱癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)、INSR/IGF1R受體的激活以及IGF1R酪氨酸酶抑制劑的抗腫瘤作用之間存在相關(guān)性,提示IGFBP5的低表達(dá)可作為預(yù)測抗IGF1R或抗IGF1R配體治療膀胱癌的標(biāo)志物[24]。PDGFRA基因編碼血小板衍生生長因子家族成員的細(xì)胞表面酪氨酸激酶受體,這些生長因子是間充質(zhì)來源細(xì)胞的有絲分裂原,與受體結(jié)合的生長因子的同一性單體確定功能性受體是由血小板衍生生長因子受體α和β多肽組成的同二聚體還是異二聚體[26]。本實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-149 的靶基因PDGFRA、IGFBP5的3UTR區(qū)域分別包含一個保守的miRNA-149的靶位點,并且miRNA-149抑制其下游基因PDGFRA、IGFBP5蛋白的表達(dá),miRNA-149抑制EMT可能與其下游靶基因相關(guān),為miRNA-149作為膀胱癌轉(zhuǎn)移新的靶標(biāo)提供了重要的基礎(chǔ),具有重要的臨床意義。
然而miR-149作用后IGFBP5和PDGFRA的下游基因表達(dá),miR-149對IGFBP5和PDGFRA的下游信號通路的調(diào)節(jié)及這種調(diào)節(jié)在膀胱癌細(xì)胞遷移、侵襲和EMT中的作用等,尚需要進(jìn)一步的探索,同時也是本文的不足。未來我們將深入研究該部分內(nèi)容,為miRNA-149在臨床膀胱癌的防治應(yīng)用提供新的策略。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-05)