怎樣寫好求助信

安徽泗縣一中 吳安運(yùn)

◎文體概述

求助信應(yīng)開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直截了當(dāng)?shù)匕涯阌龅降碾y題或者困惑告訴對(duì)方，并向?qū)Ψ角笾?。一般可以分為三個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行寫作：

第一步，詢問(wèn)對(duì)方情況，說(shuō)明寫信目的；第二步，說(shuō)明困難，請(qǐng)求對(duì)方幫忙；第三步，表達(dá)期盼之情。此外，寫求助信時(shí)應(yīng)注意：

1.正確把握時(shí)態(tài)，保證語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性。

寫英文求助信的原因就是因?yàn)槟壳白约涸谀骋环矫娲嬖诶щy，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)然，描繪自己得到幫助后的進(jìn)步時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。同學(xué)們一定要牢記求助信的這些時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)，并增強(qiáng)錯(cuò)誤防范意識(shí)，養(yǎng)成錯(cuò)誤防范習(xí)慣，確保語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性。

2.熟悉常用句型，提高文章整體美感。

寫英文求助信時(shí)應(yīng)首先做自我介紹，此時(shí)可用My name is...， I'm writing to you for some help或I'm writing a letter to you to get some help句型。接著可簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明自己所面臨的困難，此時(shí)可用I have met much difficulty in...句型。請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事時(shí)可用Would you like to...，so that...In the meanwhile/At the same time,I beg you to...，so that...Also,I would like you to...等句型。展望自己獲得幫助后的進(jìn)步時(shí)可用I'm sure with your help I can make greatprogress句型。這些句型不但使用頻率高，而且語(yǔ)氣委婉，態(tài)度謙恭，符合求助信的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。

3.貼切使用過(guò)渡性詞匯，提高文章邏輯性。

列舉自己所碰到的困難時(shí)可用first、besides、what's more等過(guò)渡性詞匯。請(qǐng)求對(duì)方提供一系列幫助時(shí)可用in the meanwhile、at the same time、in addition、also等過(guò)渡性詞匯。這些過(guò)渡性詞匯是英文求助信中富有特色的過(guò)渡性詞匯，應(yīng)增強(qiáng)使用意識(shí)，養(yǎng)成使用習(xí)慣。

4.適當(dāng)使用高級(jí)表達(dá)方式，提高文章表達(dá)的檔次。

寫英文求助信時(shí)除使用常規(guī)高級(jí)詞句之外，還可重點(diǎn)考慮幾處高級(jí)表達(dá)方式。表達(dá)“面臨巨大困難，所以只好求助”時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)的句型，如Facing so much difficulty,I have to ask you for some help。也可使用過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的句型，如Faced with so much difficulty,I have to ask for your help。表達(dá)請(qǐng)求對(duì)方幫助以便自己能夠有所進(jìn)步時(shí)，可使用so that或in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)句型非常好，有很大的表達(dá)容量，它既可表達(dá)求助內(nèi)容，又能表達(dá)對(duì)方實(shí)施幫助后的作用，可謂一舉兩得。但必須注意的是，僅僅懂得這一點(diǎn)還不夠，同學(xué)們一定要下定決心，強(qiáng)化意識(shí)，把這一句型用到實(shí)際寫作中去。

◎?qū)懽髂０?/h2>

Dear______,My name is ;I'm writing to ask whether you could do me a favor.(說(shuō)明自己身份，交代寫信目的).I have had much difficulty/trouble in (交代自己所面臨的困難).Besides,I'm very upset that (提出令自己苦惱的問(wèn)題).What's more,I don't know (進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明自己的困境).Would you like to be so kind as to so that (請(qǐng)求對(duì)方幫助)In the meantime/At the same time,I beg you to so that (再次請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的幫助).I'd appreciate it if you could lend me a hand(表達(dá)得到對(duì)方幫助后的感激).I'm looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua→點(diǎn)明身份并直接說(shuō)明寫求助信的目的?！f(shuō)明自己存在的困難、困惑并請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的幫助。言辭一定要禮貌得體。→情真意切地表達(dá)期盼之情。

模板范文

Dear Peter,

How is everything going?I have been in America for two months,but faced with a lot of difficulties in life and study.I'm writing to ask whether you could do me a favor.

To begin with,I can't adapt to the Western diet.So I feel homesick and lonely.To make matters worse,I still find it difficult tofollow the native speakers though I have been exposed to English for ten years.Besides,I'm afraid toanswer questions in class for lack of confidence.I wonder how to deal with the problems.

I would appreciate it if you could be so kind as to give me some useful tips.Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

◎經(jīng)典句型

篇首句：點(diǎn)明身份并直接說(shuō)明寫求助信的目的。

1.My name is Li Hua and I'm writing this letter to seek your help.我是李華，我寫信是想尋求您的幫助。

2.I am a middle school student and I am writing to tell you my problem which has troubled me.我是一名中學(xué)生。我寫信是想告訴您一個(gè)困擾我的問(wèn)題。

3.I'm writing to you to ask whether you could do me a favor.我寫信給您是想問(wèn)您是否可以幫助我。

4.I have some difficulties in doing...which bothers me a lot.So I have no choice but to turn to you for help.我在做……方面有困難，這很困擾我。所以我別無(wú)選擇只能向您求助。

篇中句：說(shuō)明自己存在的困難、困惑并請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的幫助。

1.I can't concentrate on my lessons these days,and I failed in the last exam,which worries me a lot.這些日子我不能專心學(xué)習(xí)，上次考試我沒(méi)有及格，這使我很擔(dān)憂。

2.I often feel left out in this school,and I don't know how it has come about.在這所學(xué)校我經(jīng)常感到受到被冷落，我不知道這是怎么回事。

3.I seem not to be able to fit in well with others here.在這兒我似乎不能與他人融洽相處。

4.I don't feel quite accustomed to the life here.我覺(jué)得我沒(méi)有完全習(xí)慣這兒的生活。

5.I long to learn English well,but I don't know how,which makes me upset.我渴望學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，但我不知道怎么學(xué)，這使我很煩惱。

篇尾句：表達(dá)期盼之情。

1.I wonder if you could do me a favor?我想知道您是否可以幫我個(gè)忙?

2.I am wondering whether you could...我想知道您是否能夠……

3.I would be very grateful if you could...如果您能……，我將感激不盡。

4.I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand.如果您能幫助我，我將感激不盡。

5.Facing/Faced with so many difficulties.I have to turn to you for help.面對(duì)如此多的問(wèn)題，我不得不向您求助。

6.I'm eager to get your timely help./I'm eager for your timely help.我渴望得到您及時(shí)的幫助。

7.I will be very grateful if you could help me.../I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor...如果您能幫助我……我會(huì)非常感激。

8.I'd appreciate it if you could take my request into consideration/account.如果您能考慮我的請(qǐng)求，我將不勝感激。

9.I would be grateful if you could give me a hand.如果您能幫我，我將十分感激。

10.Now I wonder whether I could ask you a favor?現(xiàn)在不知道我是否可以請(qǐng)您幫個(gè)忙？

11.I can't wait to see you again！我迫不及待再次見(jiàn)到您！

12.Thanks for your kind consideration and I'm look forward to receiving your earliest reply.謝謝您的體諒，期待盡早收到您的回復(fù)。

◎高考典例（2016·全國(guó)乙卷）

假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司做兼職，并且你已寫好了申請(qǐng)信和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(résumé)。 請(qǐng)給你的外教Ms Jenkins寫一封求助信，請(qǐng)她幫助你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右。

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【試題解讀】

1.審題立意

此書面表達(dá)寫作內(nèi)容是要求請(qǐng)外教幫忙修改申請(qǐng)信和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷的文字及格式。利用此話題加強(qiáng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)交際能力的培養(yǎng)，較好地體現(xiàn)了“語(yǔ)境生活化、任務(wù)真實(shí)性、行為個(gè)性化”的設(shè)計(jì)思想。情節(jié)更加貼近考生的生活，讓每位考生在落筆的時(shí)候都能夠有真實(shí)的體會(huì)。命題的開(kāi)放性無(wú)形中提高了寫作要求，即考生不僅要在認(rèn)真審題的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)拓展，還需要把握書信的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文的語(yǔ)氣。從題材上看，寫作任務(wù)有一定的真實(shí)性，給學(xué)生自主發(fā)揮的空間比較大，利于學(xué)生展示其語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。在對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言技能的考查中，突顯了英語(yǔ)高考試題的綜合性、文化性、實(shí)用性、社會(huì)性、新穎性，也體現(xiàn)了新課改的趨勢(shì)和要求。

2.寫作要點(diǎn)

⑴暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司做兼職；

⑵已寫好申請(qǐng)書和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(résumé)；

⑶給外教Ms Jenkins寫一封求助信；

⑷請(qǐng)她幫助你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)；

⑸注意書信格式。

3.注意事項(xiàng)

⑴寫作過(guò)程中要抓住要點(diǎn)提示，做到不遺漏、不重復(fù)，并注意保持書信語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔性和精練性。

⑵寫作時(shí)要注意書信的格式。以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為基本時(shí)態(tài)，以第一人稱為主體人稱。

⑶表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)綜合運(yùn)用所掌握的知識(shí)，克服母語(yǔ)的干擾，按照英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣方式，用地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，力求做到語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞和句式，同時(shí)也要注意使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句型為文章潤(rùn)色。

【佳作賞析1】

Dear Ms Jenkins,

I'm Li Hua from Guangming High School.Last year you visited our school and gave us an instructive English writing class.①This year I'm going to look for a part-time job at a foreign trade company during the summer holiday to earn the college tuition by myself.②I have just finished my application letter and résumé,however,I am not sure about the language and the format I've used.③I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you,with the hope that you can spare some time to revise them.④I know you are very busy,but I would appreciate so much if you would like to.⑤My application letter and résumé are in the attachment in the email sent to you the other day.⑥

Thank you for your kind help.

Yours,

Li Hua

亮點(diǎn)分析：文章要點(diǎn)完整、思路清晰、選詞準(zhǔn)確、句式靈活，過(guò)渡詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)，多處使用定語(yǔ)從句，同位句語(yǔ)從句，提升了文章的檔次。展示了作者廣泛的涉獵和老道的文筆。文章用簡(jiǎn)潔、明快的語(yǔ)言涵蓋了考題中的全部要點(diǎn)。tuition、with the hope that等多個(gè)高級(jí)詞匯的運(yùn)用讓整篇文章文采斐然。

①兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)表明曾與外教Ms Jenkins有過(guò)接觸，為后文尋求幫助做鋪墊，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。

②to earn the college tuition by myself意思為“勤工儉學(xué)”，其中tuition屬于高級(jí)詞匯。本句明確表明了作者今年暑假去外貿(mào)公司兼職的目的。

③連詞however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，在此處引出下文not sure about the language and the format I've used，讓人耳目一新。

④with the hope that屬于高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，起到言簡(jiǎn)意賅的效果。

【小貼士】ask a favour of sb意思為 “尋求某人的幫助”；近義短語(yǔ)有turn to sb for help。

⑤這是一個(gè)典型表述請(qǐng)求的英語(yǔ)常用句型，副詞but的使用，使句意表達(dá)的更加準(zhǔn)確，既表明外教工作繁忙，又表示自己的謙虛，達(dá)到畫龍點(diǎn)睛之效。

⑥sent to you the other day是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的email。

【佳作賞析2】

Dear Ms Jenkins,

My name is Li Hua,a middle school student from Anhui Province.In 2015,our school invited you to our school to give a lecture about the English writing.①This summer I will graduate from the high school.②During the summer holiday,I plan to look for a job at a foreign trade company or enterprise in order to do some part-time jobs to save money for my college study.③I have just completed my application letter and résumé， I am uncertain of the lan-guage and the format I've written.④I'd be very grateful if you could spare some time to revise them and make so me necessary changes.⑤Yesterday I sent my application letter and résumé in the attachment to you by email.⑥

Many thanks for your help！

Yours,

Li Hua

亮點(diǎn)分析：作者審題認(rèn)真，用簡(jiǎn)潔、明快的語(yǔ)言涵蓋了考題中的全部要點(diǎn)，為成功地寫作打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。全文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、過(guò)渡自然、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用富于變化，內(nèi)容不僅入情入理，結(jié)構(gòu)也層次分明、錯(cuò)落有致，顯得嫻熟老練。此外，作者還非常自然地使用了定語(yǔ)從句等手法，使一句話傳達(dá)了非常豐富的信息，張弛有度，特別是I'd be very grateful if...一句的使用，使自己所要傳達(dá)的信息更生動(dòng)，更是讓文章錦上添花。

①作者想象力豐富，情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)合理可信。

②graduate from the high school是英語(yǔ)中較地道的表達(dá)，表明作者為什么會(huì)去勤工儉學(xué)的原因，語(yǔ)言地道規(guī)范。

③此句較長(zhǎng)，信息量豐富，再加上高級(jí)詞匯enterprise的使用，增加了語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)氣勢(shì)。

④I've written是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the language and the format，省略了關(guān)系代詞which或that。

⑤句型I'd be very grateful if...陳述感謝，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)有理、有力。高級(jí)詞匯be grateful的使用更使文章錦上添花，增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)效果，

⑥application letter，résumé和attachment屬于較高級(jí)的詞匯，語(yǔ)意表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。

【參考范文】

Dear Ms Jenkins,

I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term.I'm writing to ask you for help.I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign trade company in my city during the summer vacation,and I have just completed my application letter and résumé.However,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I've used.I know you have a very busy schedule,but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.Please find my application letter and résumé in the attachment.

Thank you for your kindness！

Yours,

Li Hua

◎小試牛刀

假定你是李華，計(jì)劃暑假期間到英國(guó)諾丁漢大學(xué)（University of Nottingham）學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，為期三個(gè)月。學(xué)習(xí)期間想找一份兼職工作。請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Anna寫一封求助信。要點(diǎn)如下：

1.你的學(xué)習(xí)安排；2.做兼職的原因；

3.可勝任的工作（餐廳服務(wù)員、兒童漢語(yǔ)教師……）注意：

1.詞數(shù)：100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。