從動(dòng)詞的角度學(xué)習(xí)完形填空的常用解題技巧

陳雪芬

近三年全國(guó)I卷的完形填空里動(dòng)詞的出題率最高，具體情況見下圖：

動(dòng)詞由于有不同的搭配增加了同學(xué)們辨析詞義的難度，導(dǎo)致得分率不高。本文嘗試從出題頻率最高的動(dòng)詞的角度討論完形填空的解題技巧，通過對(duì)動(dòng)詞題的解碼，輻射完形填空中的其他詞類的解題方法。

一、了解命題特點(diǎn)

從近四年全國(guó)I卷完形填空來看，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞都是熱考點(diǎn)，連接詞也偶爾考到。從體裁來看，近四年的完形填空的短文均為記敘文。其首句都沒有設(shè)空。

（2015年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way， we spotted a man holding ...

（2016年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Larry works with Transport Drivers， Inc. One morning in 2009， Larry was ...

（2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through ...

（2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits. I ...

二、尋找答案線索

以2017年高考真題的動(dòng)詞為例，總結(jié)如何找出答案線索詞/句。

[例1]While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better： I discovered ASL-American Sign Language（美式手語）.

41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal

解題思路：首句意為：雖然高中一般不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索認(rèn)識(shí)新的領(lǐng)域，但是大學(xué)為這種探索創(chuàng)造了條件。因此，全文是講一個(gè)探索的過程。searching和首句中的explore、exploration相符，故選A項(xiàng)。

小結(jié)：利用首段首句信息，明確文章主旨大意。

[例2]I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing， and so are all my friends.

43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create

解題思路：這兩句之間是因果關(guān)系：我以前沒有要學(xué)習(xí)任何手語的沖動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲业募胰撕团笥讯悸牭靡?。故選C項(xiàng)。

小結(jié)：利用句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系來解題，邏輯關(guān)系有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系等。

[例3]The story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past. This newness just left me 51 more.

47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed

49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted

51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting

解題思路：我觀看了ASL俱樂部表演了一首歌，故47題選B項(xiàng)。本句的watched和下一句的the hand movements、communicating without speaking可以看出這首歌是用手語表演的。49題后面的句子：我（在ASL俱樂部）所見的東西跟我之前的經(jīng)歷是完全不同的，這種newness（新鮮感）促使我想要學(xué)得更多，故51題選D項(xiàng)。作者喜歡手語，因此美式手語表演吸引了作者，故49題選D項(xiàng)。

小結(jié)：根據(jù)上下文信息、情境呼應(yīng)解題。

[例4]While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration... . I discovered ASL-American Sign Language（美式手語）.

…

...This newness just left me wanting more.

After that， feeling the need to 52 further， I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to

53 the alphabet that day.

52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain

53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count

解題思路：從首段首句的explore、exploration及51題的wanting more，可以知道作者看完手語表演后對(duì)手語產(chǎn)生了興趣，感到有必要進(jìn)一步了解（52題選B）手語，于是決定順便去參加ASL俱樂部的會(huì)議。那天會(huì)上作者僅僅學(xué)會(huì)了用手勢(shì)比字母，故53題選C項(xiàng)。此處的sign是動(dòng)詞，意為“示意，做手勢(shì)”。

小結(jié)：利用詞義辨析、詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)（原詞、同義詞、近義詞）解題。

[例5]... I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.

The following term， I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 .

55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize

56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for

57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated

解題思路：我下定決心參加（attend）美式手語俱樂部的那些會(huì)議，學(xué)習(xí)我能夠?qū)W到的所有東西，故55題選C項(xiàng)。attend a meeting 是一種常見的表達(dá)方式。接下來的學(xué)期，我報(bào)名（registered for）選了一個(gè)ASL課程，故56題選D項(xiàng)。registered for a class / course是固定的短語搭配。上課的教授是個(gè)聾子，因此任何口語交談都是被禁止的（prohibited），故57題選A項(xiàng)。

小結(jié)：利用習(xí)慣搭配、文化背景和生活常識(shí)解題。

三、解題方法總結(jié)（見圖1）

四、解題方法運(yùn)用

讓我們借助以上思維導(dǎo)圖，試做以下幾道高考題，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.（2016年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷）When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 41 Miller King， who was the best player at our school.

41. A. cheering for B. beating out

C. relying on D. staying with

2.（2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）The following term， I registered for an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. Instead， if there had been any talking， it would have 59 us to learn less. Now， I appreciate the silence and the newway of communication it opens.

59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected

3.（2016年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷）Just before September， Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale， but he didnt cry.

That season， I 46 all of Millers records while he

47 the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player， but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers accident.

46. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried

47. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched

4.（2013年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）I went to a group activity，“Sensitivity Sunday”， which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to“ 37 a disability”for several hours one Sunday. Some members， like me， chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）.