解析文本特性 還原課堂本真
——小組合作學(xué)習(xí)共同體下靈動(dòng)課堂的創(chuàng)設(shè)

■謝麗茜

【教材分析】

本課是基于譯林出版社《牛津初中英語(yǔ)》（2012年版）7A Unit 8 fashion的閱讀課時(shí)。教師通過(guò)課前制定導(dǎo)學(xué)單，在小組合作學(xué)習(xí)共同體的推進(jìn)下，以課前自主獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)和小組互助學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的形式，讓學(xué)生熟讀課文，小組內(nèi)部自學(xué)有關(guān)介紹服飾的一系列單詞，適當(dāng)查閱課外生詞，增加詞匯量，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主探究的學(xué)習(xí)能力。要求學(xué)生能把握主持人文稿的特點(diǎn)，即有開(kāi)場(chǎng)白和結(jié)束語(yǔ)，文本主體部分介紹模特時(shí)所運(yùn)用的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。鑒于本單元主題是“時(shí)尚”，教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹(shù)立正確的時(shí)尚觀(guān)也成為必要的情感教育。

【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

Knowledgeaims:

1.To learn different kinds of words about clothes by studentsthemselves.

2.To imitate models and hosts to introduce one'sown clothesand others’clothes.

Ability aims:

1.Tounderstand thefeatureof thetext,ahost’s script.

2.To know the feature of a host’s script,hav?ing the opening words and the closing words as well asthepresent continuoustense.

Moral aim:

To set up students’right values about“fash?ion”.

【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】

1.To apply different kinds of words about clothes to describe others’dressing freely and con?fidently.

2.To make up the opening words and the clos?ingwordsfor an activity.

【教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備】

教師準(zhǔn)備：

1.將班級(jí)學(xué)生分成七組，每組設(shè)定正副組長(zhǎng)，采取師徒結(jié)對(duì)“一對(duì)一”的形式進(jìn)行課堂內(nèi)外活動(dòng)。每周根據(jù)小組內(nèi)得分情況評(píng)比“美麗小組”，根據(jù)個(gè)人得分情況評(píng)比“美麗個(gè)人”，設(shè)定各種物質(zhì)、精神獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)以激發(fā)學(xué)生的積極性，增強(qiáng)集體意識(shí)。

2.搜集課文中五個(gè)模特的服飾圖片以及頭像，彩色打印并裁剪好。彩色打印有關(guān)服飾的五個(gè)方面（名稱(chēng)、顏色、材質(zhì)、特征、配飾）的思維導(dǎo)圖。

3.準(zhǔn)備金色羽毛面具、話(huà)筒、紅色地毯以及若干紅包（內(nèi)含一定金額）。

4.準(zhǔn)備學(xué)生走秀時(shí)的背景音樂(lè)，精心制作PPT，提前調(diào)試電腦設(shè)備。

學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備：

1.充分發(fā)揮小組作用，自主預(yù)習(xí)有關(guān)服飾五個(gè)方面的單詞。然后組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員整合大家收集的單詞，一起學(xué)習(xí)，并提前寫(xiě)在教師下發(fā)的圓形彩紙上，為上課做好準(zhǔn)備。

2.學(xué)生自帶服裝配飾，如帽子、墨鏡、圍巾、面具等，為課堂服務(wù)。

【教學(xué)工具】

PPT，電腦，事先準(zhǔn)備的各種直觀(guān)教具。

【教學(xué)過(guò)程】

Lead-in

T:Which festival iscoming?

S1:The Spring Festival.

T:Are you happy at the Spring Festival?Why or why not?

S2:Yes,we are happy.Because we can get red packets.

S3:Yes.Because our parents get new clothes ready for us.

教師呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)關(guān)于春節(jié)的簡(jiǎn)短PPT動(dòng)畫(huà)，提出的問(wèn)題貼近生活實(shí)際，學(xué)生有話(huà)可說(shuō)，課堂氛圍一下活躍起來(lái)。教師即時(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)、鼓勵(lì)，可以讓學(xué)生得到更多的成就感和自信。

T:Look at the picture.Where are the students in the picture from?Are they happy at the Spring Festival?If not,what can we dotohelp them?

S1:They are the students in poor areas.They are not happy.Because they arepoor.

S2:We can give them some clothes to help them.

S3:We can givethemour money tohelp them.

T:How about giving a fashion show to collect money tohelp them?Is it a good idea?

S:Yes.

教師繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)一張來(lái)自貧困地區(qū)兒童的照片，再次追問(wèn)這些孩子能否開(kāi)心過(guò)春節(jié)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生的回答是否定的。那么如何幫助他們呢？這是個(gè)發(fā)散性問(wèn)題，很多學(xué)生的回答停留在“捐助東西”的層面，而教師引導(dǎo)他們舉辦時(shí)裝秀來(lái)“集資”，呼吁身邊人共同參與。導(dǎo)入部分自然流暢，又增加了“助人為樂(lè)”的情感教育。在平時(shí)的課堂中，情感教育的滲透尤為重要，教師應(yīng)有意識(shí)地關(guān)注學(xué)生良好品德的塑造和正確價(jià)值觀(guān)的培養(yǎng)。

Activity 1 Pre-show

T:What do we need most to have a fashion show?

S:Clothes.

T:Great!We havethese partsabout clothes in?cludingstyles/names,colors,materials,features,ac?cessories.Now,which group would like to show the words you collected tous？

該部分為導(dǎo)學(xué)案的課前預(yù)習(xí)部分。教師讓小組內(nèi)某成員把該組整理的彩色圓圈內(nèi)的單詞貼在黑板上，并上臺(tái)“領(lǐng)學(xué)”，帶著全班同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)該組收集的單詞。接下來(lái)，其他小組補(bǔ)充該組沒(méi)整理到的單詞，使自學(xué)部分更充實(shí)完善。教師應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維能力和自主探究能力，可利用思維導(dǎo)圖把服飾的單詞分成五大類(lèi)，讓學(xué)生自己去判斷、尋找單詞的所屬類(lèi)別，同時(shí)，利用小組合作機(jī)制互助檢查，歸納整理。學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng)在于正確運(yùn)用有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略，教師可以給個(gè)“扶手”或“梯子”，放手讓學(xué)生去參與、探究。實(shí)踐證明，學(xué)生完成得非常好，他們歸類(lèi)的服飾單詞涵蓋了本單元出現(xiàn)的所有生詞，并適當(dāng)擴(kuò)充了課外單詞，也增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生大膽、果敢上講臺(tái)表達(dá)的自信心。

Activity 2 While-show

1.Prediction

T:The title of the passage is the fashion show,can you guess what we can see at thefashion show?

S:Modelsand clothes.

T:Excellent!The title is very important.It can help us know something about thepassage.

教師向?qū)W生強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)題的重要性，看標(biāo)題預(yù)測(cè)文本內(nèi)容可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力、思維能力，從而逐步完成創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)。

2.Skimming

T:Now please go through the passage quickly and answer the questions.How many models are there in thefashion show?Who arethey?

S:There are five models.They are Millie,Si?mon,Amy,Daniel and Sandy.

T:In the passage,wheredoyou find them?

學(xué)生能夠很快回答出文中涉及的五位模特及名字，但對(duì)第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，似乎不太明白教師的意圖。教師隨即帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生標(biāo)出每段段首第一句話(huà)，然后呈現(xiàn)閱讀技巧：一般而言，每段的段首第一句即為該段中心句。閱讀策略的培養(yǎng)需要在平時(shí)教學(xué)中點(diǎn)滴滲透。

3.The featureof the passage

T:Is the passage a story?Is it a novel like《Gulliver’stravel》?

S:No.

T:What’s the feature of the passage?You can answer it in Chinese.

S:主持稿。

T:Terrific.It is ahost’sscript.What’sthefea?ture of a host’s script?We can find out the open?ingwordsand closing wordsin thepassage.

T:Our school is having a sports meeting.If you are a host,what will you say about the opening words?

S:Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.Wel?come to our sports meeting.I am...from Class 11,Grade 7.Today we are going to enjoy different kinds of exciting games.Now,let’s wish our team good luck.

T:What will you say about theclosing words?

S:That’s all for today’s sports meeting.Thanksfor coming.

在這一環(huán)節(jié)，教師旨在讓學(xué)生感知文本的特殊之處，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生再次解析主持稿的特點(diǎn)：開(kāi)場(chǎng)白和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。其后，教師創(chuàng)設(shè)另外一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，挑戰(zhàn)學(xué)生能力：如果學(xué)校開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，你是主持人，會(huì)說(shuō)怎樣的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白和結(jié)束語(yǔ)？由于思考時(shí)間有限，同時(shí)，學(xué)生的應(yīng)變和發(fā)散能力有所欠缺，教師隨即呈現(xiàn)參考答案，讓學(xué)生感知語(yǔ)言魅力。對(duì)于結(jié)束語(yǔ)，學(xué)生則異口同聲、脫口而出。教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的巧妙設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該建立在正確解讀文本特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇感。

4.Scanning

教師讓學(xué)生小組合作完成關(guān)于五位模特的細(xì)節(jié)特征的表格，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生查找細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力。

T:Next，please match the models with their right clothes.Work in your groups and put them to?gether as quickly as you can.When you finish,come to the front and stick them onto the black?board.

教師讓學(xué)生在填完表格進(jìn)一步了解模特信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行小組合作，即快速又準(zhǔn)確地匹配出各個(gè)模特所穿的服裝，第一個(gè)完成的小組將結(jié)果貼在黑板上。此游戲環(huán)節(jié)增加了課堂的趣味性，活躍了氣氛，充分調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的積極性。

5.Retell

T:Retell the script with the help of the pic?tures on the blackboard.The sentences for each group member are as follows.The group leader as?sign tasks.

S1（主持人開(kāi)場(chǎng)白）：Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to our fashion show.I am...from Taicang No.1 Middle School.Today we are go?ingto show you different stylesof clothes.

S2:Look at Millie.She iswearing....

S3:Herecomes Simon.He iswearing....

S4:Now Amy and Daniel are coming.Amy is wearing...

S5:Look!Here comes Sandy.Sheis wearing...

S6（主持人結(jié)束語(yǔ)）:That’s all for today’s show.Thanks for listening.

此環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)小組的展示，增強(qiáng)了小組團(tuán)結(jié)合作的意識(shí)，鍛煉了學(xué)生的口頭表達(dá)能力。

Activity 3 Post-show

T:In order to collect money for the students in poor areas,now let’s hold our own fashion show.Please look at therules below:

（1）It should include color,material,feature,styles and accessories,not only names of the clothes.

（2）The first student says the opening words and introduces his/her fashion first,then walks in themiddle of theclassroomasa model.

（3）When the first student walks on the stage,the second student is the host.He/She introduces the first student’sclothes.

（4）Then the second student walks as a model,the third student beginsto introducethe second stu?dent.

（5）All the members in a group take turns to bemodels and hosts.

（6）Thelast student saystheclosing words.

（7）Other groups watch them carefully.After the show,other groupsneed tomake comments.

既然本篇文章是時(shí)裝秀，何不在教室里來(lái)個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的班級(jí)時(shí)裝秀呢？教師把教室中間的小組移到兩邊，中間留出一條道，走秀時(shí)配以背景音樂(lè)，主持人手持話(huà)筒，既增強(qiáng)了儀式感，又不至于讓背景音樂(lè)干擾主持人，使學(xué)生聽(tīng)不清表述。學(xué)生興趣高漲，走秀時(shí)提前佩戴好配飾，邊說(shuō)邊演，自編模特動(dòng)作，課堂氛圍達(dá)到高潮。教師依托學(xué)生“愛(ài)玩”的天性，運(yùn)用情景教學(xué)法，根據(jù)文本特性，聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際，把時(shí)裝秀在課堂上生動(dòng)還原，讓學(xué)生在“做”中“學(xué)”，達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

T:Which group is better?

S:Tian Jingyu’sgroup.

T:OK.Here are thepresentsfor your show.

（The teacher gives five red packets to the group members,and asks them to open it.The Stu?dents are happy when they find some money in the red packets.）

T:Now,you have money.What are you going todowith themoney?

S1:Buy snacks.

S2:Buy books and pens.

T:Don’t forget to give the money to the chil?dren in poor areas.So please give the money back tome.

在兩小組展示完各自的時(shí)裝秀后，教師設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)“小把戲”，為表現(xiàn)較好的組員發(fā)了紅包獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，并要求他們將獎(jiǎng)金捐給貧困地區(qū)兒童。情感教育再次滲透，學(xué)生心悅誠(chéng)服。

Discussion:What’sfashion in your eyes?

T（Shows Students some pictures）:Are they fashionable?Are their clothes and hair fit for us?

S:No.

T:What do you think of fashion?Should we buy expensivefamousbrands?

S:No.

T:We should buy useful things,not too expen?sive.

T:Should we spend money on something we don’t need?

S:No.

T:We should spend money on something we need.We should wear clean clothes and right clothes at the right place.Remember that fashion is to be yourself.It’s not the true beauty to pursue ex?ternal beauty but inner beauty.

教師應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成節(jié)約、簡(jiǎn)樸的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，樹(shù)立正確的時(shí)尚價(jià)值觀(guān)，即真正的美在于追求內(nèi)在美而非外在美。

【課后作業(yè)】

Write down your group’sfashion show.

【教學(xué)反思】

在這節(jié)課中，教師著眼于文本的特殊性，精心創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，課前充分準(zhǔn)備，利用各種教具的輔助作用，在課堂上開(kāi)展了生動(dòng)的時(shí)裝秀表演。興趣是最好的老師，當(dāng)學(xué)生感興趣并愿意參與時(shí)，課堂氣氛自然能夠輕易調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)。教師的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)立足于文本，由易到難，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，強(qiáng)調(diào)了文本解讀的重要性。教師利用小組合作機(jī)制，注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作探究的能力。教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中多處滲透情感教育及學(xué)生發(fā)散性思維能力的培養(yǎng)。教師給予學(xué)生充分的小組合作展示機(jī)會(huì)，讓其積極主動(dòng)地參與課堂，努力自信地展現(xiàn)自我，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的主體地位。