Smartphones Make People Stupid

Joe

閱讀理解

1. Which statement contains the same meaning as the one of the underlined phrase in the first paragraph？

A. That maths exam I took was a regular brain drain.

B. The country suffered from a continual brain drain because of bad economy.

C. Ireland has su仟ered a huge brain drain in recent years.

D. Brain drain will cause inestimable losses to enterprises.

2. According to the researchers at the University of Texas， the person who is most likely to concentrate on his/herjob when working is _______.

A. Lily， who has put her phone in her pocket

B. Tom， who has put his phone in the desk

C. John， who has put his phone in his bag

D. Lucy， who has no mobile phone

3. Which option can explain why people's cognitive capabilities decrease only if the devices are present？

A. People are not good at maintaining sustained attention.

B. Once the devices are present， people have a brain drain.

C. People's cognitive capabilities are limited.

D. Avoiding the temptation to check their phones is hard for people to keep.

4. What's the main idea of the fourth paragraph？

A. The number of the subjects in the experiment.

B. The conclusion of the experiment.

C. The process and results of the experiment.

D. The effect of the experiment.

5. What's the attitude of the author to the research？

A. Objective.

B. Subjective.

C. Indifferent.

D. Favorable.

長(zhǎng)難句分析

1.A。詞義推測(cè)題。選項(xiàng)A中的brain drain意思是“絞盡腦汁”與第一段中的“腦力流失”效應(yīng)意思接近，其他選項(xiàng)中的這個(gè)短語(yǔ)都是“人才流失”的意思。

2.D。情景匹配題。根據(jù)第二段德克薩斯大學(xué)的研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以判斷D正確。

3.B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第三段和第六段的內(nèi)容可以知道B正確。

4.C。主旨大意題。通讀本段落就可以知道，段落說(shuō)的是實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程和結(jié)果。

5.A。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，作者說(shuō)明研究時(shí)都是引用研究者的話和研究的客觀結(jié)論，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

長(zhǎng)難句分析

1. In two experiments they found phones sitting on a desk or even in a pocket or handbag would distract users and lead to worse test scores even when it was set up not to disturb test subjects.在兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)只要手機(jī)放在桌上甚至只放在口袋或手提包里，即便設(shè)置成防干擾模式，也能讓人分心并且導(dǎo)致更低的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù)。

這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句謂語(yǔ)帶了個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是phones，后面的代名詞短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中又帶了個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中set up意思是“設(shè)置”。例如：I set up my mind to be a good sudent.我下定決心做個(gè)好學(xué)生。

2. Those who had their phones on the desk recorded a 10 percent lower score than those who left them in a different room on operational span tasks， which measures working memory and focus.與手機(jī)放在其他房間的人相比，手機(jī)放在桌子上的參與者在操作時(shí)長(zhǎng)任務(wù)方面得分要低10%，這種任務(wù)主要是考查工作記憶力和注意力。

這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中有三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句是who引導(dǎo)修飾的先行詞都是those，另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句是which引導(dǎo)，修飾前面整個(gè)句子。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是代詞those指人時(shí)做先行詞，關(guān)系代詞一定用who而不是that，因?yàn)樗皇遣欢ù~。例如：Only those who booked in advance were allowed in.只有預(yù)先訂票的人才可以進(jìn)入。

當(dāng)those后面的關(guān)系代詞是定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞whom，也可以省略。例如：He could imitate in speech or writing most of those he admired.他能模仿他所仰慕的大多數(shù)人的演講和寫作風(fēng)格。