某采石場生產爆破對某高鐵隧道的影響

陳能革 潘祖瑛

(1.馬鋼集團礦業(yè)有限公司；2.中鋼集團馬鞍山礦山研究院有限公司；3.馬鞍山礦山研究院爆破工程有限責任公司;4.金屬礦山安全與健康國家重點實驗室)

某露天采石場生產規(guī)模為50萬t/a，采用移動履帶式潛孔鉆機進行深孔鑿巖，孔徑115 mm，炸藥采用乳化炸藥。該采石場爆破規(guī)模為每次爆破單段最大炸藥量不超過200 kg，每次爆破總炸藥量不超過4.5 t，采用非電導爆管雷管起爆系統(tǒng)起爆[1]。該采石場南側有1條高鐵隧道，該隧道通車頻率較高。目前，隧道局部區(qū)域出現裂縫，為確保隧道安全，有必要詳細分析采石場生產爆破振動對該隧道的影響。

1 生產爆破振動測試

本研究采用TC3850型測振儀獲取爆破振動數據[2]。在采石場生產爆破期間，沿著高鐵隧道方向布置了1條測線，每次爆破布置4～5臺測振儀進行爆破振動測試工作。根據爆破中心及隧道位置，為確保監(jiān)測數據能夠真實反映爆破振動的衰減情況，在測振過程中布置了若干測點。測點布置方法是將加工后的基座砸入臨時測點地面，鋼板平面與地面貼實且保持水平[3]。TC3850型測振儀的傳感器為垂直方向、水平徑向和水平切向三合一傳感器，使用石膏將傳感器直接固定于水泥地基或鋼板平面上，傳感器X軸對準震源，Z軸與水平面垂直。

本研究根據6次爆破振動測試(表1)數據的回歸分析，得出的爆破振動合速度衰減規(guī)律的薩道夫斯基公式為

2 爆破振動對高鐵隧道的影響

依據《爆破安全規(guī)程》(GB 6722—2014)及《中國地震烈度表》(GB/T 17742—2008)，考慮到高鐵隧道等交通建(構)筑設施的重要性，為確保安全，該露天采石場生產爆破在隧道處產生的爆破振動最大安全允許振速取6.0 cm/s。根據上式，求得不同距離、不同最大段藥量對應的爆破振動合速度，如表2所示。采石場目前開采區(qū)與高鐵隧道的最近距離為500 m，由表2可知：當礦山最大段藥量分別為50，100，150，200 kg時，高鐵隧道最近點的振動速度分別為0.04，0.06，0.09 cm/s，均小于本研究選取的爆破安全允許振動速度6 cm/s[4]，表明該采石場爆破振動對于隧道的影響在安全允許范圍內。

3 結 語

通過進行爆破測振試驗，分析了某露天采石場生產爆破振動對其附近某高鐵隧道的影響，研究表明：只要該采石場生產爆破的最大單段起爆藥量不超過200 kg，其對高鐵隧道的影響可忽略不計；此外，該采場宜采用更為有效的減振控制爆破技術，加強爆破安全技術工作。爆破時，應嚴格按照《爆破安全規(guī)程》(GB 6722—2014)確定爆破安全警戒范圍并進行有效警戒。

表1爆破振動監(jiān)測數據

序號測點編號水平爆心距R/m最大段藥量Q/kg垂直速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz水平徑向速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz水平切向速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz合速度v/(cm/s)11#101.02#166.73#439.4500.798 216.6670.922 315.7480.642 913.7931.139 90.172 421.9780.287 625.0000.200 28.8110.313 00.049 513.4230.049 69.9500.061 38.3330.075 621#115.52#181.13#453.72000.997 515.0381.370 810.9890.780 512.9871.490 20.274 521.5050.347 616.1290.327 219.2310.439 20.068 011.3640.076 97.7820.070 28.0320.102 231#76.72#153.03#262.04#449.85#954.01001.258 723.8100.921 129.4121.478 927.3971.540 60.153 119.0480.184 611.1110.320 013.6990.355 70.053 426.3160.105 022.7270.092 521.7390.113 40.034 610.4170.035 914.8150.035 810.6950.047 60.012 025.7800.018 726.6670.022 836.3640.023 841#89.22#201.13#311.44#496.15#1015.02000.840 824.0960.608 916.6671.244 031.7461.322 70.135 020.2020.255 922.4720.200 223.2560.284 50.094 430.7690.103 827.3970.100 025.3160.137 20.047 210.8110.024 823.5290.048 512.8210.066 90.013 271.4290.016 445.4550.021 620.0000.024 451#90.62#152.63#273.34#360.61001.183 411.2990.801 411.6281.179 613.8891.520 70.454 818.0180.717 921.2770.557 317.5440.754 30.110 515.0380.071 725.6410.177 711.2360.178 90.091 013.1580.068 29.7090.098 320.2020.122 661#76.42#178.13#344.14#431.51000.838 318.8681.456 915.7480.922 019.8021.690 70.318 719.0480.525 417.8570.560 917.8570.600 60.108 110.0500.242 27.8120.012 339.2160.245 50.091 010.8700.023 640.8160.071 510.2560.092 3

表2不同距離、不同最大段藥量對應的振動速度

R/m振動速度/(cm/s)50607080901001101201301401501601701801902005000.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.080.080.080.090.095250.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.080.080.085500.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.075750.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.060.070.076000.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.066250.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.060.060.066500.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.056750.020.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.057000.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.057250.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.057500.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.047750.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.048000.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.048250.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.048500.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.038750.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.039000.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.039250.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.039500.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.039750.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.031 0000.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.03