海爾茲山紀(jì)念堂

地點(diǎn)：以色列耶路撒冷

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：基梅爾·埃謝科羅特建筑事務(wù)所

合作設(shè)計(jì)：Kalush Chechick建筑師事務(wù)所

項(xiàng)目建筑師：Etan Kimmel, Limor Amrani

客戶：國(guó)防部-家庭和紀(jì)念部

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：Haim & Yehiel Steinberg結(jié)構(gòu)工程公司

施工管理：拉哈特工程協(xié)調(diào)與管理有限公司

Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat

承包：綠色建筑有限公司

照明設(shè)計(jì)：阿米爾布倫納照明設(shè)計(jì)公司

時(shí)間：2017年

攝影：Amit Geron

Location: Jerusalem, Israel

Architecture: Kimmel Eshkolot Architects

(In Collaboration with Kalush Chechick Architects)

Architects in charge: Etan Kimmel, Limor Amrani

Client: Ministry of Defence – Families and Commemoration Department

Structural engineering: Haim & Yehiel Steinberg Structural Engineering

Construction manager: E.D. Rahat Engineering Coordination and Management Ltd.

Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat

Contractor: Green Construction Ltd.

Lighting Design: Amir Brenner Lighting Design

Date: 2017

Photographer: Amit Geron

海爾茲山紀(jì)念堂是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的紀(jì)念場(chǎng)所。為了紀(jì)念耶路撒冷所有陣亡的士兵，設(shè)計(jì)中包含了他們名字。這是和平年代期冀希望的象征。

盡管臨近耶路撒冷繁華路段，紀(jì)念堂設(shè)計(jì)為一個(gè)平靜的圣經(jīng)式場(chǎng)地，整個(gè)空間孤隱而靜謐。建筑主體空間通過挖掘山體而成，形成個(gè)人或集體紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的私密空間。紀(jì)念堂上方的山體，以耶路撒冷石塑造出新的曲線。紀(jì)念堂形成一個(gè)波形漏斗狀結(jié)構(gòu)，緩緩?fù)ㄏ蛱祀H。這種不規(guī)則的渦旋狀結(jié)構(gòu)為紀(jì)念堂營(yíng)造出不斷變化的自然光。

屋頂?shù)纳隙?，以間隔開的石板實(shí)現(xiàn)氣流和自然通風(fēng)。

刻在石磚上的名字形成了“名之墻”，墻體圍繞著漏斗狀“光筒”。沿著螺旋坡道而上，名之墻由23,000塊石頭磚砌成，每塊磚上都刻有陣亡士兵的名字以及陣亡時(shí)間，并放有蠟燭燈，每年在士兵的陣亡日點(diǎn)亮。

光筒的設(shè)計(jì)咨詢了蘇黎世ETH研究團(tuán)隊(duì)R.O.B.，由均勻擠壓的鋁制磚構(gòu)成。每塊磚都通過CNC打造并標(biāo)記好連接點(diǎn)位置，以保證在這個(gè)不規(guī)則的、獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)上能順利安裝。

The Mount Herzl Memorial Hall is a unique place of commemoration. It’s raison d’etre is to be a memorial for all the fallen soldiers of the country, and thus contains all their names. It is a project of hope for peaceful times.

Set in a calm biblical scenery, but adjacent to the nowadays busy streets of Jerusalem, the space is isolated and quiet. It was excavated in the mountain to form an intimate space for both personal and collective experiences of commemoration. Above the hall, the mountain is reconstructed of curved topographies made of Jerusalem stone. An undulating funnel-shaped formation of bricks opens the excavated hall to the sky. Its irregular vortex shapefioods the space with ever- changing natural light.

At the upper end of the roof, spaced stone slabs are designed to allow air flow and natural ventilation through the roof.

The names, engraved on stone bricks, form a long Wall of Names, which wraps around the funnel of light. Following a spiral ramp up the memorial, the wall is built of 23,000 stone bricks, each engraved with the name of a fallen soldier, his death date, and a light-candle to be lit every year on that date.

The design development of the funnel was done in consultation with the research team R.O.B. at the ETH, Zurich. It is constructed of uniform extruded Aluminium bricks, each CNC’d and marked to get it’s specific joints’ locations, to allow for the assembly on site of the irregular, unique structure.

可持續(xù)性

紀(jì)念堂規(guī)劃為一座紀(jì)念建筑，因此，設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)是創(chuàng)造一種天然建筑，幾乎沒有任何機(jī)械系統(tǒng)，近乎完全實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)。

建筑中沒有空調(diào)或電氣通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。自然氣流形成極佳的溫度條件，利用漏斗形結(jié)構(gòu)將熱空氣從屋頂?shù)纳隙送ㄟ^間隔開的石板排出，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)空氣流動(dòng)，達(dá)到通風(fēng)目的。

日間照明無需用電，自然光從頂部的光眼進(jìn)入，經(jīng)過光筒巧妙地過濾，整個(gè)空間充滿柔和的光線。

由山體挖掘而成的紀(jì)念堂有著絕佳的保溫條件。建筑的熱質(zhì)量與地表一起，保持溫度的穩(wěn)定。建筑外部用淺色系耶路撒石覆蓋，以保護(hù)建筑不受輻射影響。

采用耶路撒冷石等當(dāng)?shù)夭牧?，是設(shè)計(jì)過程中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，既節(jié)省了開支，又使得紀(jì)念堂與耶路撒冷城周邊的建筑融為一體。這樣，紀(jì)念堂從外表看不會(huì)顯得過于莊嚴(yán)，同時(shí)又可以呼應(yīng)周邊山脈和墓地的質(zhì)感。

分析圖

Sustainability

The Memorial was planned as a monument, and as such, the design focused on creating a non-building that can function almost without any mechanical systems and be close to entirely sustainable.

There are no air-conditioning or electrical ventilation systems. Natural airfiow creates excellent temperature conditions using the funnel shape to expel hot air out of the upper end of the roof through spaced stone slabs, thus creating airfiow that ventilates the place.

There is zero use of electricity for day-light. Natural light enters through the oculus and is subtlyfiltered through the funnel of light,fiooding the space with pleasant light.

Excavated in the mountain, the Memorial Hall obtains optimal thermal conditions. The structure’s thermal- mass, integrated within the earth, keeps a steady temperature. The exterior topography was cladded with light-colored Jerusalem stone, which protects the building from radiation.

Using local materials such as the Jerusalem-stone was a key element in the design process both for budget constraints and for sustainability reasons, aiming to integrate the building with the surrounding city of Jerusalem. It is intended to be unimposing from the exterior, and to echo the texture of the adjacent mountains and cemetery.