李天泉
[摘要] 目的 探討微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療急性腦出血臨床療效。 方法 研究對象為方便選取該院2016年4月—2017年6月收治急性腦出血患者100例,以隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組(50例)和觀察組(50例),分別采用小骨窗開顱術(shù)和微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療;比較兩組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標、近期療效及治療前后NIHSS評分。 結(jié)果 對照組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標水平顯著優(yōu)于對照組(t=3.07,3.44,3.19,P=0.00,0.00,0.00);對照組和觀察組患者優(yōu)良率分別為46.00%,68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優(yōu)于對照組(χ2=9.12,P=0.02);同時觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05)。結(jié)論 微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療急性腦出血可有效減輕醫(yī)源性創(chuàng)傷,加快術(shù)后康復(fù)進程,且有助于保護神經(jīng)功能,價值優(yōu)于小骨窗開顱術(shù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù);急性腦出血;療效
[中圖分類號] R651.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2018)07(a)-0031-03
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Minimally Invasive Hematoma Puncture Removal for Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage
LI Tian-quan
Department of Psychology, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Ganzi, Sichuan Province, 626000 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were chosen conveniently in the period from April 2016 to June 2017 in the hospital and randomly divided into both group including control group (50 patients) with small bone window craniotomy and observation group (50 patients) with minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation; and the perioperative clinical indicators, clinical efficacy for short-term and NIHSS scores before and after treatment of both groups were compared. Results In the control group, the time of operation, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization were (2.94±0.80)h, (135.26±29.35)mL, (23.20±3.55)days. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization time of the observation group were respectively. It was (1.56±0.47)h, (54.87±6.15)mL, (11.76±1.61)days. The perioperative clinical indicators in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=3.07, 3.44, 3.19, P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00); The excellent and good rates in the control and observation groups were 46.00% and 68.00%, respectively; the short-term efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (χ2=9.12, P=0.02); meanwhile, the NIHSS score was significantly lower in the observation group after treatment. In the control group, before treatment (t=3.46, 3.17, P=0.00, 0.00, P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive hematoma puncture and debridement for the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage can effectively reduce the iatrogenic trauma, speed up the postoperative recovery process, and help to protect the nerve function, the value is better than the the small bone craniotomy.
[Key words] Minimally invasive hematoma puncture; Acute cerebral hemorrhage; Efficacy
該文以該院2016年4月—2017年6月收治的急性腦出血患者100例作為研究對象,分別采用小骨窗開顱術(shù)和微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療;比較兩組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標、近期療效及治療前后NIHSS評分,探討微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療急性腦出血臨床療效,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
方便選取該院收治的急性腦出血患者100例,均符合《臨床診療指南·神經(jīng)外科學(xué)分冊》診斷標準[1],經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準,患者或家屬知情同意,并同時排除合影像學(xué)檢查確認,同時排除合并其他中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病、手術(shù)禁忌證、重要臟器功能障礙者。全部患者以隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組和觀察組,每組50例;其中對照組中男性32例,女性18例,平均年齡為(58.20±7.44)歲,平均出血量為(37.46±9.12)mL,根據(jù)合并基礎(chǔ)疾病劃分,原發(fā)性高血壓29例,糖尿病17例,冠心病10例;觀察組中男性36例,女性14例,平均年齡為(58.61±7.51)歲,平均出血量為(37.10±9.03)mL,根據(jù)合并基礎(chǔ)疾病劃分,原發(fā)性高血壓32例,糖尿病18例,冠心病13例;兩組患者一般資料比較均差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 治療方法
對照組患者采用常規(guī)小骨窗開顱術(shù)治療,具體手術(shù)操作參考《臨床診療指南·神經(jīng)外科學(xué)分冊》;觀察組患者則采用微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療,即首先CT下定位血腫位置,以專用血腫穿刺針刺入血腫部位,抽吸液化狀態(tài)血腫,再注入生理鹽水反復(fù)多次抽吸殘,最后注入尿激酶夾閉引流管留置3~4 h,最后松開引流管導(dǎo)出液體。
1.3 觀察指標
①記錄患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時,計算百分比;②神經(jīng)功能損傷程度評價采用NIHSS量表定。
1.4 療效評定標準
根據(jù)《臨床診療指南·神經(jīng)外科學(xué)分冊》[1]標準進行療效判定,分為優(yōu)、良、可及差4級[7]。
1.5 統(tǒng)計方法
數(shù)據(jù)分析選擇SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件,計量資料以(x±s)表示,進行t檢驗,計數(shù)資料用(x±s)表示,進行χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標水平比較
對照組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標水平顯著優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者近期療效比較
對照組患者治療后優(yōu)、良、可及差例數(shù)分別為9例、14例、20例、7例,優(yōu)良率分別為46.00%;觀察組患者治療后優(yōu)、良、可及差例數(shù)分別為15例、19例、12例、4例,優(yōu)良率分別為68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優(yōu)于對照組(χ2=9.12,P=0.02),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者治療前后NIHSS評分比較
對照組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;觀察組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
以往對于急性腦出血患者多采用小骨窗開顱術(shù)治療,該術(shù)式技術(shù)要求較低,操作簡便,創(chuàng)傷程度較傳統(tǒng)開顱術(shù)更小[2];但大量臨床報道顯示[3-4],患者行小骨窗開顱術(shù)治療難以徹底清除血腫,總體病情控制效果欠佳,且術(shù)中易發(fā)生腦組織牽拉。而微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)則是一種改良微創(chuàng)神經(jīng)外科手術(shù),相較于傳統(tǒng)術(shù)式具有醫(yī)源性創(chuàng)傷程度更低、術(shù)中血腫清除效果佳及受出血位置影響小等優(yōu)點[5-6];已有研究顯示[7],其能夠顯著提高固態(tài)血腫清除效果,在保護中樞神經(jīng)組織功能方面和改善遠期預(yù)后方面效果確切。
該研究結(jié)果中,對照組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術(shù)用時、術(shù)中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術(shù)期臨床指標水平顯著優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05),提示微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)應(yīng)用有助于降低急性腦出血患者手術(shù)用時,減輕手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷程度及縮短術(shù)后住院時間;而對照組患者治療后優(yōu)、良、可及差例數(shù)分別為9例、14例、20例、7例,優(yōu)良率分別為46.00%;觀察組患者治療后優(yōu)、良、可及差例數(shù)分別為15例、19例、12例、4例,優(yōu)良率分別為68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05);同時對照組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;觀察組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(P<0.05),則證實急性腦出血患者行微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療在減輕神經(jīng)功能損傷和改善預(yù)后方面具有優(yōu)勢,與以往報道結(jié)果相符[8]。
綜上所述,微創(chuàng)血腫穿刺清除術(shù)治療急性腦出血可有效減輕醫(yī)源性創(chuàng)傷,加快術(shù)后康復(fù)進程,且有助于保護神經(jīng)功能,價值優(yōu)于小骨窗開顱術(shù)。
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(收稿日期:2018-04-02)