王灑 余智 余昊
[摘要] 目的 探討[Gly14]-Humanin(HNG)預(yù)處理對(duì)局灶性腦缺血再灌注損傷后大鼠自由基代謝的影響,分析相關(guān)的神經(jīng)功能保護(hù)機(jī)制。 方法 將64只健康雄性SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為HNG組、生理鹽水組、模型組及假手術(shù)組,每組16只。采用改良的Zea-longa線栓法建立大腦中動(dòng)脈缺血再灌注損傷模型,生理鹽水組與假手術(shù)組大鼠術(shù)前3 d給予3 μL生理鹽水連續(xù)3 d尾靜脈注射,每日1次;HNG組給予100 nmol/L HNG 5 μL,而模型組除正常飼養(yǎng)外術(shù)前不接受任何處理。各組大鼠在缺血2 h再灌注24 h后檢測(cè)腦組織谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,原位末端標(biāo)記染色觀察凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果 與假手術(shù)組相比,其余三組大鼠的GSH含量水平及SOD的活性均降低,而MDA含量水平及細(xì)胞凋亡率升高,差異均有顯著性(P<0.01~0.05);與生理鹽水組及模型組比較,MDA含量水平及細(xì)胞凋亡率均降低,而HNG組大鼠的GSH含量水平及SOD的活性均升高,差異均有顯著性(P<0.01~0.05)。 結(jié)論 HNG預(yù)處理減輕腦缺血再灌注損傷過(guò)程中的增加腦組織抗氧化物質(zhì)SOD的活性及GSH含量水平,減少神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的凋亡。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腦缺血再灌注;[Gly14]-Humanin;自由基;細(xì)胞凋亡
[中圖分類號(hào)] R743 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)19-0031-04
Effect and mechanism of [Gly14]-Humanin on free radical metabolism in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
WANG Sa1 YU Zhi2 YU Hao3 HE Long1 YOU Wenting1 JIANG Tian1
1.Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Wenling City in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China;2.Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County in Zhejiang Province, Chun'an 311700, China; 3.Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medcine, Hangzhou 310000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) preconditioning on free radical metabolism in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to analyze the related mechanisms of neuroprotection. Methods 64 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into HNG group,saline group, model group and sham operation group, with 16 rats in each group.The model of middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by the modified Zea-longa suture method. The rats in the normal saline group and the sham operation group were injected with saline 3 μL/day through tail vein for 3 days.HNG group was given 100 nmol/L HNG with 5 μL. The model group did not receive any preoperative treatment except for normal feeding.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) level in brain tissue of rats were measured after ischemia for 2h and reperfusion for 24 h, and the number of apoptotic cells was observed by in situ end labeling staining in each group. Results Compared with the sham operation group, SOD activity and GSH level in the other three groups decreased significantly, while MDA level and apoptosis rate increased significantly(P<0.01-0.05). Compared with the saline group and model group, SOD activity and GSH level in HNG group increased significantly, while the level of MDA and the apoptosis rate in HNG group were significantly lower(P<0.01-0.05). Conclusion HNG pretreatment can reduce the upward SOD activity and GSH level in brain tissue during process of ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells.
[Key words] Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion; [Gly14]-Humanin; Free radicals; Apoptosis
既往研究已表明[1-3],腦組織缺血、缺氧后造成組織內(nèi)氧自由基產(chǎn)生增加,清除能力下降,從而造成膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的增生和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞不可逆的凋亡,故認(rèn)為自由基引發(fā)的過(guò)氧化反應(yīng)是導(dǎo)致中樞神經(jīng)細(xì)胞缺血損傷后繼發(fā)損害的主要病理機(jī)制之一。同時(shí),相關(guān)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究[4-7]進(jìn)一步提示給予自由基清除劑治療后,在減輕氧自由基水平的同時(shí)可減輕繼發(fā)性腦損傷,并改善臨床預(yù)后。
最近文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,[Gly-14]-Humanin(HNG)對(duì)減少損傷側(cè)大腦半球的梗死體積并改善小鼠大腦中動(dòng)脈閉塞所致的腦缺血的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙具有重要意義[9];此外,有研究人員揭示了HNG對(duì)Aβ(25-35)誘導(dǎo)PC12細(xì)胞凋亡具有保護(hù)作用,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)其與抑制細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)GSK-3β/PI3K-Akt信號(hào)途徑有關(guān)[10],但神經(jīng)保護(hù)具體機(jī)制仍不十分明確。本研究應(yīng)用Humanin衍生物HNG對(duì)腦缺血再灌注損傷的大鼠進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,觀察其對(duì)大腦中動(dòng)脈缺血再灌注大鼠腦組織氧自由基含量水平及細(xì)胞凋亡影響,繼續(xù)探討HNG對(duì)腦缺血再灌注氧化應(yīng)激損傷的保護(hù)作用及其相關(guān)機(jī)制,為腦梗死的臨床防治研究提供重要的藥理依據(jù)。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與分組 健康SD大鼠64只,雄性,體重(275±20)g,SPF級(jí),購(gòu)自浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,許可證號(hào):SYXK(浙)2010-0178。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為生理鹽水組(16只)、HNG組(16只)、模型組(16只)及假手術(shù)組(16只)。
1.1.2 主要試劑、藥物與儀器 SOD活性,MDA及GSH含量測(cè)定試劑盒(南京建成生物工程有限公司,批號(hào)2870702);[Gly14]-Humanin(Sigma公司,美國(guó),批號(hào)90161220);原位末端標(biāo)記(TUNEL)試劑盒(Sigma公司,美國(guó),批號(hào)20973559);Labo fuge 400R高速低溫離心機(jī)(Heraeus公司,德國(guó)),F(xiàn)SH-2型高速電動(dòng)勻漿器(江蘇金壇醫(yī)療儀器廠)等。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 大腦中動(dòng)脈缺血-再灌注損傷模型的復(fù)制及預(yù)處理 參考改良的Zea-longa[11]法,采用線栓復(fù)制大鼠左側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈阻塞(MCAO)再灌注損傷,缺血2 h后直接外拉尼龍線栓使其球端回至頸外動(dòng)脈內(nèi)即可完成再灌注,假手術(shù)組在術(shù)中只暴露和分離出左側(cè)頸外動(dòng)脈(ECA)、頸總動(dòng)脈(CCA)及頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈(ICA),不插入尼龍線栓。剔除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):鏡下觀察無(wú)缺血病理改變者;并發(fā)蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血者;未到觀察時(shí)間點(diǎn)死亡者。模型成功判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):大鼠蘇醒后提尾懸拉后出現(xiàn)右前肢蜷縮屈曲;左側(cè)Horner征,爬行時(shí)向右側(cè)跌倒或轉(zhuǎn)圈。建立模型過(guò)程中共有3只被剔除,均由備養(yǎng)的SD大鼠補(bǔ)充。模型組除正常飼養(yǎng)外術(shù)前不接受任何處理,而HNG組大鼠術(shù)前5 d給予100 nmol/L HNG 5 μL[12]連續(xù)尾靜脈注射,每日1次;假手術(shù)組與生理鹽水組給予生理鹽水5 μL。
1.2.2 檢測(cè)腦組織勻漿液GSH及MDA含量、SOD活性 4組大鼠隨機(jī)各抽取8只,距額葉前端4.0 mm和8.0 mm處切片,取中間6.0 mm厚的腦組織塊,然后沿此腦塊矢狀縫兩側(cè)旁開約1.5 mm處,從上至下切除兩側(cè)大腦半球的正中部分,將左半部制備成10%的勻漿液待測(cè)。采用二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法檢測(cè)GSH含量;硫代巴比妥酸法測(cè)定MDA含量;黃嘌呤氧化酶法測(cè)定SOD活力。具體操作步驟嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行。
1.2.3 觀察缺血區(qū)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡 分別取4組其余8只大鼠麻醉成功后即行生理鹽水200 mL快速心臟灌洗,續(xù)用4℃,4%多聚甲醛溶液300 mL灌注;迅速取出腦組織后浸泡于10%的甲醛溶液中,按常規(guī)脫水,透明,石蠟包埋,于視交叉處從前至后連續(xù)冠狀切片進(jìn)行TUNEL染色,操作步驟按試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行。在高倍鏡視野(×400)下,細(xì)胞核中顯示棕黃染色顆粒者即為凋亡細(xì)胞,每只大鼠觀察5張切片,在圖像分析系統(tǒng)上隨機(jī)計(jì)數(shù)5個(gè)不重復(fù)視野中的凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)及細(xì)胞總數(shù),細(xì)胞凋亡率=凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)/細(xì)胞總數(shù)×100%。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)所得的具體數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間差異采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),多組間差異采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組大鼠腦組織GSH及MDA含量,SOD活性的比較
與假手術(shù)組大鼠相比,HNG組、生理鹽水組及模型組腦組織MDA含量水平升高,而SOD的活性及GSH含量水平均降低,差異有顯著性(P<0.01~0.05);而HNG組MDA含量水平低于模型組及生理鹽水組,而GSH含量及SOD的活性水平高于生理鹽水組及模型組,差異亦具有顯著性(均P<0.05);生理鹽水組及模型組GSH含量水平、SOD的活性及MDA含量水平相仿,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 各組大鼠腦組織凋亡細(xì)胞表達(dá)的比較
光鏡下顯示假手術(shù)組大鼠腦組織未見(jiàn)明顯的凋亡細(xì)胞表達(dá)(封三圖1A),生理鹽水組及模型組凋亡細(xì)胞較多表達(dá)(封三圖1B、C),而HNG組大鼠腦組織凋亡細(xì)胞較生理鹽水組及模型組有所減少(封三圖1D)。與假手術(shù)組相比,HNG組、生理鹽水組及模型組凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)增多,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);而HNG組大鼠凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)低于生理鹽水組及模型組,差異亦具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);模型組與生理鹽水組細(xì)胞凋亡率的差異比較無(wú)顯著性(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
3 討論
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(收稿日期:2017-12-26)