異域閃耀的瓷器之光
——突尼斯中國瓷藝術(shù)展感想

文汪 浪 WANG Lang

突尼斯市文化城外景The Cultural City of Tunis

中國陶瓷作為中國悠久文化和高超手工藝的結(jié)晶，在古代對全世界，尤其是西方世界產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。法國傳教士殷弘緒在清康熙年間來到中國，在江西和北京等地傳教40多年，并在景德鎮(zhèn)生活了長達(dá)七年之久。他在寫給國內(nèi)的信件中，介紹了景德鎮(zhèn)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、風(fēng)俗和文化，還詳細(xì)介紹了各項(xiàng)瓷器生產(chǎn)工藝。這些寶貴的制瓷技藝在當(dāng)時的歐洲引起了轟動, 對后來歐洲蓬勃發(fā)展的陶瓷業(yè)產(chǎn)生了重大推動作用。另一方面，隨著中外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，大量中國瓷器進(jìn)入歐洲，對當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊纳町a(chǎn)生了深刻的影響，潛移默化地影響著人們?？梢哉f，中國瓷器是中國文化的一張靚麗名片，它承載著傳播中華民族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的光榮使命。

5月16日至22日，由中國文聯(lián)、突尼斯文化事務(wù)部、中國駐突尼斯大使館聯(lián)合主辦的“中國瓷藝術(shù)展”在突尼斯首都突尼斯市文化城舉辦，旨在以陶瓷文化為契機(jī)宣揚(yáng)中國文化。此次展覽匯聚了景德鎮(zhèn)當(dāng)代一批實(shí)力派老中青陶瓷藝術(shù)家的精品，這些作品以陶瓷為載體表達(dá)中國的傳統(tǒng)文化，在作品的表達(dá)形式和創(chuàng)作技法上力求創(chuàng)新，給人耳目一新的感覺，是傳統(tǒng)和創(chuàng)新的完美融合。同時，這些作品比較全面地反映了景德鎮(zhèn)的各種制瓷工藝和瓷繪技藝：薄如蟬翼的薄胎瓷、栩栩如生的陶瓷雕塑、素雅明快的青花、絢爛多彩的顏色釉、晶瑩剔透的粉彩等。參觀者來到展館，就仿佛進(jìn)入了一條景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器的歷史長河，可以盡情遨游其中。

展覽吸引了許多當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娗巴鶇⒂^，他們對景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器表現(xiàn)出了濃厚興趣。一位當(dāng)?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)家對粉彩瓷特別感興趣，他很好奇其潤澤柔和的發(fā)色效果是怎樣產(chǎn)生的，詳細(xì)地詢問其生產(chǎn)工藝和過程，并作了記錄。一位參觀者則非常喜愛作品《四君子》，當(dāng)他了解到梅蘭竹菊這四種植物在中國分別代表文人的堅韌不拔、優(yōu)雅高潔、剛直謙遜、傲然不屈這四種品格，他對中國文化的豐富內(nèi)涵發(fā)出了贊嘆。展覽現(xiàn)場還有瓷樂演奏，嘉賓們被瓷樂清脆悅耳的音色所吸引，紛紛駐足聆聽，有些觀眾還躍躍欲試。此外，為了全面介紹景德鎮(zhèn)的瓷文化，展覽現(xiàn)場還循環(huán)播放一部介紹景德鎮(zhèn)歷史、風(fēng)光和瓷文化的宣傳片。這部宣傳片耗時三年拍攝完成，畫面絕美，配樂舒緩動人，解說精簡，引得大批參觀者觀看。一位女士在觀看這部宣傳片后對我說，她感動得幾乎要落淚，我從她真誠的眼神中讀到了她對景德鎮(zhèn)的向往。我作為一名景德鎮(zhèn)人，自豪感油然而生。是的，景德鎮(zhèn)的確是一塊瑰寶，她等待著全世界更多的人們來發(fā)現(xiàn)、欣賞、探索。

突尼斯文化事務(wù)部部長穆罕默德·齊內(nèi)·阿比丁在參觀結(jié)束后對記者說：“藝術(shù)是非常重要的，它增進(jìn)了中突兩國之間的文化交流。中國陶瓷藝術(shù)是中國文化遺產(chǎn)的一個重要部分。這次展覽的優(yōu)秀陶瓷作品反映了當(dāng)代陶瓷藝術(shù)的高雅品位。”如他所說，藝術(shù)可以增進(jìn)兩國之間的交流，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)是沒有國界的，對美的追求是全人類共有的。光潔堅硬的瓷器胎體、豐潤厚重的色釉、流暢有力的線條、構(gòu)思精巧的畫面、巧奪天工的雕刻，以及畫面?zhèn)鬟f的真善美等普世價值觀，無疑會受到全世界各國人民的一致認(rèn)同和喜愛。當(dāng)本次展覽的觀眾們在欣賞景德鎮(zhèn)的藝術(shù)家們所創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)精品的時候，他們正在和與他們遠(yuǎn)隔萬里的景德鎮(zhèn)的藝術(shù)家們進(jìn)行一場心靈的對話。這場對話不需翻譯，它源自于人們內(nèi)心最原始樸素的對美的向往和理解。當(dāng)這些作品觸動參觀者心里某一個角落時，藝術(shù)的價值便熠熠生輝。不同膚色、不同種族、不同國家的人們會因?yàn)閷ζ帐烂赖淖非蠛蛯γ赖奶接懚舜说木嚯x，加深對彼此的了解，我想這也是本次突尼斯中國瓷藝術(shù)展更深層次的意義。

在古代，中國瓷器沿著絲綢之路和海路到達(dá)世界各國。如今，隨著中國綜合國力的不斷增強(qiáng)和“一帶一路”倡議的實(shí)施，中國瓷器完全可以進(jìn)入更多國家。瓷器，是中國對世界文明做出的一個重大貢獻(xiàn)，中國理應(yīng)在當(dāng)今的世界陶瓷藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更大的作用，讓瓷文化為增強(qiáng)中國軟實(shí)力做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Chinese ceramics, as the presentation of China's longstanding culture and superb craftsmanship, has had a profound influence to the whole world, especially the West in ancient times. The French missionary Père Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles came to China during the Emperor Kangxi of Qing dynasty and carried out missionary education in Jiangxi and Beijing for more than 40 years.Furthermore,he lived in Jingdezhen for 7 years.In his letter back to his country, he has introduced Jingdezhen's politics, economy, customs and culture while detailing the various porcelain production techniques,which has caused a sensation in Europe at that time and creat a major boost to the ceramic industry that flourished in Europe.On the other hand, with the development of trade between China and the rest of the world, a large number of Chinese porcelain has entered Europe, which has had a profound impact on the lives of local people with a subtle influence. In other words, the Chinese porcelain,as a beautiful card of Chinese culture,undertakes the glorious mission of spreading the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

中國瓷藝術(shù)展參展作品Exhibits at China Porcelain Art Exhibition

The "China Porcelain Art Exhibition", under the organization of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Tunisian Ministry of Culture and the Chinese Embassy in Tunisia, has been held at the cultural city of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia from May 16thto 22nd. The event, considered an opportunity to promote Chinese culture with that of ceramics, has convened the masterpieces by a group of talented ceramic art artists of modern Jingdezhen,expressing traditional Chinese culture by employing ceramics as the carrier. They sought to innovate through the expression of their works and creative techniques, presenting people with a fresh feeling,a perfect blend of tradition and innovation.Meanwhile, these works comprehensively reflect Jingdezhen's various ceramic crafts and porcelain painting techniques:eggshell china as thin as paper, lifelike ceramic sculptures, bright and elegant blue and white porcelain, gorgeous colored glaze,crystal and clear famille rose porcelain amongst others. Visitors seemed to experiencea long history of Jingdezhen porcelain as they entered the exhibition halls.

The exhibition has attracted many local people who have shown keen interest in Jingdezhen porcelain. A local artist was particularly interested in famille rose porcelain. He was most curious about how the soft and moist coloring effect was produced and inquired about the production process in detailwith written notes.One of the visitors was very fond of the workFour Gentlemenand praised the cultural abundance of China when he learned that the four plants, plum blossoms,orchids,chrysanthemum and bamboo, represented the four characters as tenacity, elegance, uprightness& humility and unyieldingness of China’s philosophers. There were also porcelain music performances at the exhibition sites as guests were attracted by the crisp and melodious tone of the porcelain music. Some stopped to listen and some viewers were eager to try. In addition, a film concerning the history, scenery and porcelain culture of Jingdezhen has been broadcast circularly onsite in order to comprehensively introduce the city’s porcelain culture. This film has been completed by the time of three years, featuring beautiful pictures, smooth music and precise commentary, attracting many people.A lady told me that she was almost moved to tears after watching the video, and I read a glimmer of her longing for Jingdezhen from her sincere eyes. As a local from Jingdezhen, I feel very proud. Indeed, Jingdezhen, a land of treasure, is waiting for more people around the world to discover, appreciate and explore.

After his tour of the exhibition, Tunisia’s Minister of Culture,Mohamed Zine EL-Abidine said: "Art is very important, and it promotes cultural exchanges between China and Tunisia. Chinese ceramic art is an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. The excellent ceramic works displayed at this exhibition reflect the elegant taste of contemporary ceramic art."As he said, art can enhance bilateral exchanges, as it does not have borders, and the pursuit of beauty is commonly shared by all mankind. Bright and solid porcelain body, rich and heavy-colored glaze, smooth and powerful lines, well-conceived images, ingenious carvings, and universal values such as truth, goodness and beauty conveyed from the pictures will undoubtedly be recognized and favored by people all over the world.When the audiences of this exhibition were admiring the fine art created by the artists of Jingdezhen,they were engaged in a spiritual dialogue with the artists over there thousands of miles away from them. This dialogue, no need to be translated, comes from people’s most primitive and simple aspirations and understanding of beauty. When these works touch a corner of the visitor's heart, the value of the art outshines. People of different skin colors, races and countries will draw closer to each other and deepen their understanding due to the pursuit of universal beauty and the discussion accordingly.I think it is also the deeper significance of the Chinese porcelain art exhibition in Tunisia.

In ancient times, Chinese porcelain has reached countries around the world along the Silk Road and the sea route. Nowadays, with the continuous enhancement of China’s overall national strength and the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative”,Chinese porcelain is believed to enter more countries. Porcelain is a major contribution made by China to the world civilization. And China should play a greater role in the current world of ceramic art and embed porcelain culture to make greater contributions to enhancing China's soft power.

突尼斯當(dāng)?shù)赜^眾觀看展覽Local audiences in Tunisia tour the exhibition

中國瓷藝術(shù)展參展作品Exhibits at China Porcelain Art Exhibition