紅糖工坊，松陽，中國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：DnA建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

1 內(nèi)景/Interior view

背景

松陽縣樟溪鄉(xiāng)興村位于大木山茶園附近，紅糖是這里的重要的村產(chǎn)業(yè)。這里的村民至今保留著古法工藝制紅糖的傳統(tǒng)，已有上百年歷史，產(chǎn)品在周邊地區(qū)很受青睞。興村由于業(yè)態(tài)活躍，農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)收入良好，現(xiàn)有常住務(wù)農(nóng)人口穩(wěn)定，很多村民新建了三四層的樓房，整個(gè)村莊的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌受到較大破壞。和仍然保留大量夯土墻傳統(tǒng)民居的傳統(tǒng)村落的空心現(xiàn)象不同，興村這樣的水泥樓房和夯土墻民居并置的村莊，可能不具備評(píng)選傳統(tǒng)村落的風(fēng)貌條件，卻保留活躍的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)態(tài)和穩(wěn)定人口。但是原有的紅糖家庭作坊，基本是由簡陋的輕鋼棚架搭建，管理雜亂無章，衛(wèi)生條件不好，也構(gòu)成村里的火災(zāi)隱患。

功能

我們相信即使建筑“硬件”不再具備傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌，人文“軟件”上的豐富生機(jī)仍然可以持續(xù)給村莊注入活力。這也是本項(xiàng)目中的主要策略。紅糖工坊傳承了村莊內(nèi)核的文化傳統(tǒng)元素，體現(xiàn)了其內(nèi)在的文化價(jià)值，也展示了興村不同于其他古村落的獨(dú)特特征。興村紅糖工坊兼具紅糖生產(chǎn)廠房、村民活動(dòng)和文化展示，是銜接村莊和田園的一處重要場所。距離村莊一定距離的選址也有效降低生產(chǎn)對(duì)村莊的影響和干擾。工坊作為村莊與四周田園間的過渡延伸，村民在生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的同時(shí)能夠欣賞田園風(fēng)光，并成為村民田間勞作之余休憩的場所，外來的游客也可在此停留，體驗(yàn)田園詩意、村莊生活。

劇場

興村紅糖工坊中的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)也是生活現(xiàn)場，視線開放的空間設(shè)計(jì)，讓生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場如同戲劇表演現(xiàn)場；其對(duì)外、對(duì)內(nèi)均是對(duì)場景、田園和現(xiàn)場的展示。工坊強(qiáng)調(diào)著傳統(tǒng)文化的價(jià)值，可謂是活態(tài)展示的博物館。工坊的表演性、展示性賦予了它“舞臺(tái)”的性質(zhì)，既是村莊生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的舞臺(tái)，也是鄉(xiāng)村生活、田園詩意疊加的舞臺(tái)。

空間

紅糖工坊建筑體量分為南北兩部分。北側(cè)與甘蔗地相鄰由紅磚圍合，成為甘蔗堆放和后勤服務(wù)區(qū)；南側(cè)向村莊與田野打開，成為開放的紅糖生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)。3個(gè)挑高的輕鋼體量分別作為休閑體驗(yàn)區(qū)、甘蔗堆放區(qū)和帶有6個(gè)灶臺(tái)36口鍋的傳統(tǒng)紅糖加工區(qū)。環(huán)繞這3個(gè)區(qū)塊的線性走廊成為紅糖生產(chǎn)劇場的環(huán)形看臺(tái)和參觀流線。

輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)

紅糖工坊這樣規(guī)模的小廠房，在松陽的平地村并不罕見。通常都采用經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)；在紅糖工坊的設(shè)計(jì)中，我們選取當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ姷倪@種輕鋼建筑形態(tài)，符合大跨度生產(chǎn)空間需求， 與工廠的功能屬性吻合，結(jié)合空間功能屬性區(qū)分使用，形成清晰的材料結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)。由于古法紅糖制作需要使用明火，煙囪、排風(fēng)等設(shè)備也在設(shè)計(jì)上整體考慮和輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)融為一體。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)靈活的特性可以使生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)視線范圍完全打開，作為開放的公共空間，與村莊和田園相連，互相疊加成為富有生機(jī)的田園生產(chǎn)生活畫卷。

紅磚墻

紅磚是鄉(xiāng)村隨處可見的建筑材料。北側(cè)后勤服務(wù)區(qū)用紅磚作為封閉的圍護(hù)體系，與生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)脫開，和功能的屬性相對(duì)應(yīng)。部分非結(jié)構(gòu)的墻面作鏤空處理，既可保證私密性，又可在視線上與外面自然景觀相連。

竹棚

竹子作為當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ姷慕ㄖ牧媳灰朐O(shè)計(jì)，作為生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)環(huán)形游廊的頂面材料界定空間范圍。纖細(xì)的竹條整齊地排列成格柵，不僅提供遮陽作用，也強(qiáng)調(diào)出“灰空間”的半室外的屬性。

地面鋪裝

生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)用紅磚鋪地，與黑色的輕鋼棚架脫開，和紅糖顏色呼應(yīng)。加工區(qū)地面將田野中田埂的線條延伸入室內(nèi)，用不同的紅磚砌法加以區(qū)分。展示區(qū)則由紅磚結(jié)合綠化設(shè)計(jì)，增加空間豐富性，強(qiáng)調(diào)展示區(qū)作為公共休憩空間的功能屬性。圍繞生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)的游廊則用水泥鋪地，界定空間，體現(xiàn)空間的流動(dòng)性和室外性。后勤服務(wù)區(qū)塊用深色水泥鋪地，與紅色的墻面體系區(qū)分，顏色上壓住空間。

白描畫卷

受到當(dāng)?shù)卮迓潆S處可見的白描文化墻啟發(fā)，我們邀請藝術(shù)學(xué)院的學(xué)生們在紅糖工坊內(nèi)外的玻璃幕墻上手工白描《山水風(fēng)景》《田園農(nóng)耕》《甘蔗種植》《甘蔗運(yùn)輸》《古法紅糖》5個(gè)篇章的畫面，展示紅糖制作流程，使建筑界面與外部的田園風(fēng)光、農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活畫面和內(nèi)部的古法紅糖生產(chǎn)過程，多重疊加成一幅動(dòng)態(tài)的鄉(xiāng)村長卷。白描畫面讓四周的玻璃呈現(xiàn)一種幕布般的錯(cuò)覺，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)紅糖生產(chǎn)的舞臺(tái)感和表演感。

后記

興村紅糖工坊投入使用，不僅極大改善了傳統(tǒng)小作坊式臟、亂、差的生產(chǎn)條件，使傳統(tǒng)紅糖加工走上產(chǎn)業(yè)化加工的道路，帶動(dòng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)“吃——品紅糖、住——紅糖特色民宿、游——甘蔗田風(fēng)景、購——傳統(tǒng)紅糖產(chǎn)品、娛——體驗(yàn)紅糖加工”的紅糖旅游系統(tǒng)，提高村民收入，增加村民文化自信；而且成為了村莊的公共文化場所，已經(jīng)舉辦多場木偶戲演出及體驗(yàn)傳承活動(dòng)，這也是拓展工坊功能作為劇場空間的設(shè)計(jì)意圖的體現(xiàn)?！?/p>

2 鳥瞰/Aerial views

3 鳥瞰/Aerial views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Client: 松陽縣樟溪鄉(xiāng)人民政府/People's Government of Zhangxi Village, Songyang County

地點(diǎn)/Location: 中國浙江省麗水市松陽縣樟溪鄉(xiāng)興村/Xing Village, Zhangxi Village, Songyang County, Lishui,Zhejiang Province, China

主創(chuàng)建筑師/Lead Architect: 徐甜甜/XU Tiantian

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Design: 清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院張昕工作室/Zhang Xin Studio, School of Architecture, Tsinghua

University

建筑面積/Gross Built Area: 1230m2

攝影/Photos: 王子凌/WANG Ziling(fig.1,4,5,9,15-21), 韓丹/ HAN Dan(fig.2,3)

5 外景/Exterior views

6 圖示/Diagrams

7 圖示/Diagrams

8 功能圖示/Diagram of functions

Background

The village of Xing in Zhangxi Township,Songyang County, is located near Damushan Tea Plantation, and brown sugar production is an important village industry here. Today, the villagers still retain the tradition of making brown sugar by the ancient process, which has a history of more than 100 years, and the products are very popular in the surrounding areas. Because village Xing has an active industry and the farmers have good incomes, the number of present permanent residents is stable as many villagers built three- or four-storey buildings,but the traditional style of the whole village is largely forgotten. Different from hollow phenomenon of other traditional villages, where a large number of traditional houses with rammed earth wall still remain, the villages like Xing, with both cement buildings and rammed earth houses existing together,may not meet the requirements to be selected for traditional villages, but retain active traditional industry and stable population. However, the original family workshops for brown sugar are mostly built by simple light steel frames, with disorderly management and terrible sanitary conditions. They also raise hidden peril of fire in the village.

Function

We believe that even if the "hardware" of architecture is no longer traditional, the rich vitality in the "software" of humanity can continue to inject vitality into the village. This is also the main strategy of this project. The brown sugar factory has inherited the core cultural and traditional elements of the village, embodying its intrinsic cultural value and showcasing the unique features of the village Xing that are different from other ancient villages.The brown sugar factory in village Xing contains the brown sugar production workshop and the place for activities and cultural exhibitions of the villagers and is an important place that links the village and pastoral areas. The site is chosen by keeping a certain distance from village also effectively reduces the impact and disturbance of production on the village.Being a transition between the village and the surrounding fields, the factory is where the villagers can enjoy the pastoral scenery while engaging in the production activities or taking a rest for the break of field work. Tourists from the outside can also stay here and experience the pastoral poetry and village life.

Theatre

The production activities of village Xing brown sugar factory are also live scenes. The open space design makes the production scene as the scene of theatrical performance; no matter inward or outward, it's all display of the site, the countryside and the scene. The factory emphasises the value of traditional culture, and it can be described as a museum with live display. The performance and display of the factory gave it the nature of "stage",which is not only the stage of production activities of the village, but also that for rural life and pastoral poetry together.

Space

The building volume of the brown sugar factory is divided into two parts, one in the north and one in the south. The north part, which is the sugarcane storage and logistics service area contiguous with the cane field, is covered with red bricks. The south part opens to the village and field, and serves as the open exhibition area for brown sugar production.The 3 tall, light steel volumes are the areas for recreation and experience, the sugarcane stacking area, and the traditional brown sugar processing area with 6 stoves and 36 pots. The linear corridor that surrounds the three blocks becomes the circular stand for the brown sugar production theatre and a pathway.

Light steel structure

Small factories with sizes similar as the brown sugar factory are not uncommon in Pingdi village,Songyang, and in most of them the economic and efficient light steel structures are used. In the design of the brown sugar factory, we chose this form of light steel building that's common in the local areas. It meets the demand of the large span production space and is in accordance with the functional characteristics of the factory. It's used by the division of the spatial function attributes and forms a clear material structure system. Due to the use of open flames in the ancient production method of brown sugar, the chimney and exhaustive equipment are also integrated into the light steel structure in the design. The flexibility of light steel structure renders the production display area with completely open sight and act as an open public space, which is connected with the village and the fields that are adjacent to each other to form a vivid pastoral production and life picture.

Red brick wall

Red brick is a building material that can be seen everywhere in the countryside. In the northern logistic service area, red bricks are used as the enclosure system, separated from the structure of the production exhibition area in accordance to the function attributes. Part of the non-structural walls are hollowed out, which can guarantee privacy and connect the sight to the natural landscape outside at the same time.

Bamboo shed

As a common local building material, bamboo has been introduced into the design as the ceiling material for the circular corridor in the production exhibition area, to define the division of space.Thin bamboo slats are neatly arranged into a grill,not only providing shades from the sun, but also highlighting the semi-outdoor properties of "grey space".

9 院落/Courtyard

10 東立面/East elevation

11 A-A'剖面/Section A-A'

12 西立面/West elevation

14 首層平面/Ground floor plan

13 B-B'剖面/Section B-B'

Floor pavement

The production exhibition area is paved with red bricks, separated from the black light steel frame and echoed with the colour of brown sugar. On the floor of the processing area, the lines of the ridges in the field are extended into the room, distinguished by different pavings of red bricks. The exhibition area is designed with red bricks and greening to increase the space richness and emphasise the function attributes of exhibition area as a public recreation space. The corridor around the production exhibition area is paved with cement to define the space and reflect the mobility and outdoor quality of the space. The logistics service area is paved with dark coloured cement, which is distinguished from the red wall system, and weights down the space in the aspect of colour.

Drawing scroll

Inspired by the drawing culture wall that can be seen everywhere in the local villages, we invited students from art school to draw 5 chapters of pictures, Landscape Scenery, Pastoral Farming,Sugarcane Planting, Sugarcane Transportation, and the Ancient Brown Sugar, on the glass curtain wall inside and outside the brown sugar factory, showing the process of making brown sugar, and making the building interface overlap with the external pastoral scenery, pictures of farmers' production life, and the internal ancient production process of brown sugar, to form a dynamic rural scroll. The drawings gives the glass an image of a curtain like illusion,emphasising once again the sense of stage and performance of brown sugar production.

Postscript

After village Xing brown sugar factory was put into use, it not only greatly improved the dirty, messy and poor production conditions of the traditional small workshops, brought the traditional processing of brown sugar onto the road of industrial processing,led the related industries, and realised the brown sugar tourist system of "eating brown sugar, living in brown-sugar-themed lodges, enjoying sugarcane field scenery, buying traditional brown sugar products,and enjoying brown sugar processing experience",increased the income and improved the cultural confidence of the villagers; but also became a public cultural place in the village, where a number of puppet shows and experience and inheritance activities have been held. This is also the embodiment of the design intention of extending the function of the factory to a theatre space. □ (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

15 外景/Exterior views

16 外景/Exterior views

17 外景/Exterior views

18 外景/Exterior views

評(píng)論

何崴：此案是徐甜甜在麗水松陽一系列建筑實(shí)踐中的一個(gè)，反映了建筑師及當(dāng)?shù)卣Ｍㄟ^文化和設(shè)計(jì)振興鄉(xiāng)村的想法。建筑圍繞紅糖制作展開，將展示、生產(chǎn)和活動(dòng)并置，讓人聯(lián)想到紅酒酒莊的空間布局模式；廊道的處理很好地軟化了高大廠房式空間的體量和工業(yè)感，而廠房空間的光線處理又賦予了生產(chǎn)行為強(qiáng)烈的表演性和儀式感，回應(yīng)了紅糖制作作為文化遺產(chǎn)的預(yù)設(shè)。值得注意的是，相對(duì)單純的幾何外形，豐富的室內(nèi)空間、戲劇性的光影效果似乎成為徐甜甜近期作品的共同特征，從此案中也許可以管中窺豹。

19 工作區(qū)/Working area

李燁：非常輕快的建筑處理方式，導(dǎo)致了清晰和輕盈的建筑體驗(yàn)。

廠房建筑，在多數(shù)人的印象中是具有龐大體量的功能性建筑物，是因?yàn)檫@類建筑往往需要一個(gè)大型空間進(jìn)行。在這個(gè)作品中，為建筑添加一組“裙房”，將大型空間埋在平面內(nèi)部，這是非常聰明、實(shí)用的做法，一是降低了建筑在身體可觸及范圍內(nèi)的尺度，二是增加了一個(gè)過渡的空間體驗(yàn)，使人感到進(jìn)入了一個(gè)平民化、社區(qū)化的建筑物內(nèi)。同時(shí)這樣的處理，使建筑物與周邊的田野、村莊非常和諧。

正是因?yàn)閷?duì)建筑整體有如此簡潔、清晰的處理，建筑師才有機(jī)會(huì)將建筑的各個(gè)元素，如結(jié)構(gòu)、墻體、地面等，分開考慮，賦予每個(gè)元素獨(dú)特的含義，并以一個(gè)共同的文化將各個(gè)元素統(tǒng)一起來。

Comments

HE Wei: As one of Tiantian XU's architectural practices in Songyang, Lishui, the project reflects the vision of architect and local government in revitalising villages through design. Made for brown sugar production,the architecture is juxtaposed with programmes of exhibition, production and event, which reminds visitors of the spatial arrangement of red wine winery.The corridor softens the massiveness and industrial feeling in this huge factory space. Meanwhile, light renders the actions of production a strong ritual sense of performance, corresponding to the fact that brown sugar production is part of the cultural heritage. It is noticeable that Tiantian XU's recent projects share the characteristics of pure geometric exterior, rich interior space, and dramatic light and shadow, as can be found in this design too. (Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

LI Ye: The very light architectural design results in clear and light architectural experience.

In most people's impression, factory building is usually a massive functional construction because this type of building often needs a larger space. In this project, a cluster of podiums are added to the building,concealing the large space inside the plane structure.It is a quite smart and practical method in that on the one hand, it reduces the architectural dimension within the scope of human body; on the other hand, it adds a transitional spatial experience, making people feel like entering a civilian and community-like building. In addition, this kind of design brings harmony between the building and its surrounding field and villages.

With the help of such a plain and overall clear architecture design, the architect is able to give respective considerations to structure, wall, floor, etc.,giving them independent connotations, which are unified under a common culture.

20 內(nèi)景/Interior views

21 內(nèi)景/Interior views