未來之村，卡通澤，尼泊爾

建筑設(shè)計：謝英俊建筑師事務(wù)所，常民鋼構(gòu)

1 改造后/After renovation

2 震后景象/Post-earthquake collapse

3 震后景象/Post-earthquake collapse

4 村民參與建設(shè)/Villagers to participate in the construction

在匱乏中求生

2015年4月25日以及5月12日，兩場突如其來的地震造成了尼泊爾嚴(yán)重的傷亡以及超過50萬戶的民居倒塌。歷經(jīng)10多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)及武裝斗爭，尼泊爾發(fā)展停滯，基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)十分落后。當(dāng)?shù)貏趧恿σ虼罅肯蛑袞|等發(fā)展國家輸出，農(nóng)村青壯年也十分稀缺。尼泊爾非營利組識“未來之村”以及香港的IDEA設(shè)計團隊（NGO）希望我們能在有限的預(yù)算內(nèi)，針對這次地震后的農(nóng)房重建，提供解決方案。

5 村民參與建設(shè)/Villagers to participate in the construction

6 草圖/Sketches

根本的解決方式

設(shè)計過程中，必須考慮到交通運輸?shù)睦щy、語言以及文化隔閡造成的溝通成本。在這些極端的限制條件下，我們整合了當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)民居原型、建造工法以及材料使用，提出了一套精簡的強化輕鋼框架。首要結(jié)構(gòu)安全無虞的條件下，這套框架需能與當(dāng)?shù)夭牧瞎しńY(jié)合并且考慮未來擴建的可能性。為減少文字溝通上的困難，靠著色塊形狀標(biāo)注的單線圖手冊對應(yīng)著不同鋼構(gòu)組件，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚栏髯缘墓?jié)奏，互相協(xié)力，有尊嚴(yán)地重建家園。

7 草圖/Sketches

居民自身的時間軸線

3年過去了，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衤龑⒔M立起來的輕鋼骨架，以自己的獨創(chuàng)工法與美學(xué)包覆填充完成。很少有人能夠預(yù)見并且相信，將27套色塊標(biāo)注的零散輕鋼組件以及幾張印著單線的圖紙丟給在如此極端環(huán)境下生存的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，他們竟然能夠擁有這樣的力量與自信，將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌錆M個性又安全堅固的房屋?！?/p>

Scarcity and survival

Two earthquakes on April 25th and May 12th,2015, respectively caused severe damages in Nepal. After a decade of civil wars and armed conflicts, the nation's infrastructure still remains primitive. Local labour forces are also limited due to the high exporting rate of labour overseas. "Future Village Nepal", a local non-profit organisation along with Hong Kong based NGO "IDEA",reached out to us for a fundamental design solution with minimum budget. In our proposal, we suggested the organisations to maximise funds in structure, allowing maximum amount of houses to be provided for free.

Fundamental solutions

Under extreme design constrains of transportation,language disparity and culture barrier, we integrated the design based on research of traditional house typologies,construction methods and materials. The result is a simple light-gauge steel frame reduced to the minimum of structural members that incorporated local materials and building technologies along with consideration of future expansion. With simple colour-coded assembly system and sheets of simple line drawings, locals assembled each house at their own speed with little help. By providing a fundamental structural solution with an open framework, local residents rebuilt cooperatively as a community with their tradition and dignity.

Progressing at their own time

Over the past three years, the locals have slowly enclosed each of their steel houses with a great amount of freedom and creativity. No one would have thought of, when you distributed a total of 27 sets of scattered steel member labeled with coloured shapes and sheets of line drawings in such an extreme environment, the locals would have the power and confidence to transform them into a structurally sound house.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

關(guān)鍵項目設(shè)計者/Key Project Designers: Saikumar Manapragada (Naga), 黃念平/Johanna Huang, Francisco Vizcaino

施工方/Contractors: 常民鋼構(gòu)，尼泊爾當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?Design for People Co., Ltd., Local Villagers

材料提供方/Suppliers: 常民鋼構(gòu)/Design for People Co., Ltd.

制造方/Manufacturers: 常民鋼構(gòu)/Design for People Co., Ltd.出資方/Funder: 尼泊爾未來之村基金會/Future Village Nepal, 香港IDEA基金會/IDEA Hong Kong, 林黎明/Christie Lam, Dambar Adhikari, Sarah O, Kanis Chu

構(gòu)造/Construction: 強化輕鋼構(gòu)，當(dāng)?shù)鼗厥漳?，石頭，竹編泥墻，小圓波紋鋼板/Reinforced light-gauge steel frame, Local recycled wood, stone, wattle and daub, steel corrugated roof

建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 61m2/戶，共27戶/61m2/House, Total 27 houses

攝影/Photos: 林黎明/Christie Lam

8 圖示/Diagram

9 建造中/Under construction

11 回收材料/Recycled materials

12 外景/Exterior views

13 外景/Exterior views

14 外景/Exterior views

15 外景/Exterior views

16 村民參與建設(shè)/Villagers to participate in the construction

評論

周政旭：這是一處充分體現(xiàn)“協(xié)力造屋”精神的實踐。設(shè)計師慣常的對于建筑外在形式的追求凝聚（或者說化解）在由最基本的安全和構(gòu)造需求所形成的輕鋼框架上。輕鋼框架構(gòu)成了村民繼續(xù)營造乃至創(chuàng)作的基礎(chǔ)框架，為村民提供了多種可能。圍護材料與形式的處理不同，體現(xiàn)了村民在功能需求、材料使用、砌筑方式等方面的區(qū)別。村民不僅參與了營建，更是協(xié)力參與了設(shè)計創(chuàng)作。因為村民參與設(shè)計營造而帶來的多元性，由此形成的村落整體顯得更加有機而富于活力。

李燁：設(shè)計者創(chuàng)造了一種適宜鄉(xiāng)村的建筑產(chǎn)品。

本項目的成功在于其獨特的社會意義，即在一種可控制成本的預(yù)制框架下，既能滿足較為現(xiàn)代化的居住生活需求，又可以吸收利用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧虾凸に噥硭茉旖ㄖ庥^，實現(xiàn)建筑的在地化。

在極端條件語境下，建筑的意義會發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)化，相對于對文化和空間體驗的探求，經(jīng)濟性、可行性的權(quán)重會大大增加。本項目的建筑師在一系列的持續(xù)探索中，逐漸創(chuàng)造了一種較為普遍適宜低收入社區(qū)的建構(gòu)體系，這樣的成就令人贊嘆。

Comments

ZHOU Zhengxu: This is a practice that fully demonstrates the spirit of "collaborated house building". Designers' usual pursuit for the outside architecture form is concentrated on (or resolved by) the light-steel framework, as a result of the most fundamental safety and construction demands.The light-steel framework forms the basic foundation for villagers to continue their construction or creation, thus provides them more possibilities. The different treatments to the enclosing materials and forms reflect villagers' variety in aspects like functional demanding, material utilisation, and building patterns. Villagers not only participate in the construction, but also take part in the design collaborating with the designer. The finally formed village shows more diversity because of the villagers' participation in design and construction, moreover, it is more organic and filled with vitality as a whole.

17 建成房屋/Completed houses

LI Ye: The design creates an architecture product suitable for the countryside.

The success of the project lies in its unique social significance, that is, with a pre-made framework at a controllable cost, it can both satisfy the demand for a comparatively modernised life style, and absorb and utilise the local materials and crafts to create the exterior looking of the building and therefore realise the localisation of the construction. In the context of extreme condition,the meaning of architecture may be changed if compared with the explorations on cultural and spatial experience,the weight of feasibility will be increased to a great extent.The architect of this project, after a series of continuous experiments, gradually creates a construction system that can be widely applied in low-income community. Such an accomplishment is indeed remarkable.