珍品雕像 神秘非洲

□ 文/黎然 管曉銳 圖/張殊

由重慶中國三峽博物館聯(lián)合比利時皇家中非博物館、剛果盆地藝術(shù)史研究中心舉辦的《走進(jìn)非洲：中非珍品雕像藝術(shù)展》于6月8日至9月9日在重慶對公眾免費開放。該展作為重慶中國三峽博物館著力打造地“世界文明與藝術(shù)系列展”之一，是2018年度引進(jìn)的海外文化藝術(shù)大展。將引領(lǐng)觀眾從更寬廣的視野審視世界各地文化藝術(shù)，不僅體現(xiàn)博物館日趨成熟的展陳體系，也為觀眾搭建起了解非洲文化藝術(shù)的平臺，進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)中國與非洲各國的藝術(shù)文化交流，促進(jìn)雙方人民的相互了解與尊重。

木雕是非洲藝術(shù)的皇冠，也是非洲人民想象力與創(chuàng)造力的凝聚，記錄了他們對神靈、祖先，以及生活世界的贊美與歌頌，還是現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的靈感來源之一。它啟發(fā)了畢加索、馬蒂斯、布朗庫西和高更等藝術(shù)大師的創(chuàng)作，也影響了世界藝術(shù)史與美術(shù)史的發(fā)展。

展覽共計展出120件/套非洲雕像。展品來自中部非洲地區(qū)12個風(fēng)格區(qū)域，時代集中于18世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)。展品大多數(shù)為木質(zhì)，少數(shù)雕像采用陶制或布制等材質(zhì)。雕像造型以人物描繪為主，除了男性和女性之外，還有少數(shù)雕像展示了懷抱嬰兒的女性，個別的雕像展示了動物或者人和動物的結(jié)合。部分雕像曾用于部落的儀式，是非洲“儀式藝術(shù)”的重要載體，也是非洲歷史、民俗與生活的真實見證。

中部非洲，有高大的熱帶植物和濃密的原始森林，人們在野獸、昆蟲、疾病等侵?jǐn)_下生存。當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗冊诿鎸?zāi)害與不可知力量時，慣用“神力”去解釋。他們會舉行各種儀式，以祈求豐收、平安和健康。這是一種原始的邏輯，也是一種樸素的信仰。

源于對同族中死去的人的一種思念和尊崇，他們會為有重要影響的先祖塑造雕像，用于儀式與祭拜，讓他們繼續(xù)發(fā)揮生前的力量，保佑并賜福自己的子孫，并成為聯(lián)系后世與神靈的橋梁。他們堅信人物雕像是神圣的事物，雕像的制作需得到領(lǐng)袖的許可，雕刻家才能在祖先與神靈的指引下進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作。雕像也會由重要的人專職保管，平時不會輕易示人。只在某些周期性活動中，雕像會被展示，包括某些重要的節(jié)日，男孩和女孩的成人禮，新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的就職典禮和長輩的葬禮。此外，雕像還會被用于狩獵活動、農(nóng)耕典禮或其他重大事件中，以喚醒神靈的支持。

借他人之鑒，回到文化的本源，洗去塵世的鉛華，尋找生命或者生活的意義，從而勇敢、堅強(qiáng)、無畏、自信地面對生活—《走進(jìn)非洲:中非珍品雕像藝術(shù)展》展現(xiàn)非洲人民想象力與創(chuàng)造力。觀眾可沿著12個風(fēng)格區(qū)的展示主線，去探尋各區(qū)域雕像藝術(shù)的差異與人們的精神追求，了解非洲人民的社會生活與精神信仰，體會非洲雕像藝術(shù)的廣袤生命力。展覽還配置了免費講解與二維碼互動項目，特設(shè)“走進(jìn)非洲”文創(chuàng)品銷售區(qū)。讓觀眾在非洲傳統(tǒng)音樂和雕像展品高清3D視頻的背景下，探尋“什么是中非人物雕塑”“如何向雕像賦權(quán)”“雕像如何使用”等問題。

展品來自中部非洲地區(qū)12個風(fēng)格區(qū)域，時代集中于18世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)。

The "African Sculpture Art Exhibition", organized by the Chongqing. China Three Gorges Museum in conjunction with the Belgian Royal Museum of Central Africa(Musée royal de l'Afrique central，MRAC) and the Congo Basin Art History Research Center, was opened to the public for free in Chongqing from June 8th to September 9th. Among the “World Civilization and Art Exhibitions”, it is an exhibition featuring overseas culture and art introduced by the China Three Gorges Museum in 2018. It will expose the audience to the culture and art from all over the world from a broader perspective. It does not only reflect the increasingly mature exhibition system of the museum, but also builds a platform for the audience to understand African culture and art, further enhances the artistic and cultural exchanges between China and African countries, and promotes mutual understanding and respect between the people of both sides.

Woodcarving is the crown jewel of African art, embodying the imagination and creativity of African people. The carvings record their laud African people. The carvings record their laud and celebration for the gods, ancestors and the world of life. It is one of the sources of inspiration for modern art. It inspired the creation of artists such as Picasso, Matisse, Brancusi and Gauguin,as well as shaped the development of world art history and fi ne arts history.

A total of 120 pieces of African statues were exhibited in the exhibition. The exhibits gathered from 12 distinct style regions in Central Africa,which can find their sources from the 18th to the 20th century. Most of the exhibits are made of wood, and a few statues of ceramic or cloth.Mainly human figures, in addition to men and women, there are a few statues showing women holding babies.Among the collection, some statues show animals or an integration of humans and animals. Some of the statues used in tribal rituals are an important carrier of African “ritual art” and a true testimony of African history, folklore and life.

展覽共計展出120件套非洲雕像。