中藥的方劑之道

文/五花肉

“神農(nóng)嘗百草，始有醫(yī)藥”，在中華文明的歷史長河中，凝聚數(shù)千年東方哲學(xué)智慧和健康實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的中醫(yī)藥，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化理念的指導(dǎo)下不斷進(jìn)階發(fā)展，一路護(hù)佑著中華兒女抵御疾病、繁衍生息。

"Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs when there was traditional Chinese medicine." In the long history of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has accumulated thousands of years of oriental philosophical wisdom and healthy practical experience, has been continuously developed under the guidance of the concept of standardization, and has been protecting the health of Chinese nation.

“藥”分三品

Three Classes of Chinese Medicine

中藥是傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)診療祛病的關(guān)鍵所在。作為現(xiàn)存最早的中藥學(xué)經(jīng)典著作，《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》共收錄365種中藥，以療效為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將其分為上、中、下三品。上品應(yīng)天，如人參、地黃，宜久服養(yǎng)命。中品應(yīng)人，如當(dāng)歸、黃芩，可斟酌養(yǎng)性。下品應(yīng)地，如大黃、巴豆，乃霸道之法，應(yīng)中病則止。

Medicine herb is the key to traditional Chinese medicine. As the earliest classical works of Chinese pharmacy, "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" includs 365 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, and the medicine is divided into top, middle and low classes according to the healing efficacy. The top class stands for the heaven, including ginseng and rehmannia for prolonging life. The middle class stands for the people including angelica, jaundice for health preservation. The low class stands for the earth including rhubarb and croton for treatment.

相輔成“方”

Prescription of Complementation

在單一中藥的療效基礎(chǔ)上，后世杏林中人經(jīng)過長期摸索、實(shí)踐，總結(jié)出針對(duì)不同疾病的復(fù)合型藥方，確立了“君臣佐使”的藥物配伍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，根據(jù)不同中藥的藥理反應(yīng)，按照一君、二臣、三佐、五使的規(guī)則，對(duì)上、中、下品藥進(jìn)行組合，使其各司其職、相輔相成。

On the basis of single healing efficacy of a single traditional Chinese medicine, after a long period of exploration and practice, the later TCM doctors have summed up the comprehensive prescriptions for different diseases, and established the drug compatibility standards of TCM of "Monarch, Minister, Assistant and Guide". According to rule of "One Monarch, Two ministers, Three Assistants and Five Guide" and rules of three medicine classes, different medicines works in a complementation mode.

因人定“劑

Customized Dose

中醫(yī)診療注重對(duì)癥下藥、辯證施治，既可以對(duì)同一類疾病的不同病因施以“同病異治”，也可以對(duì)不同疾病的相同病理表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行“異病同治”，往往根據(jù)三因制宜的用藥原則，結(jié)合地理氣候、患者體質(zhì)、病情發(fā)展等實(shí)際情況，對(duì)傳承沿用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化藥方，在藥物配伍、使用劑量等方面進(jìn)行針對(duì)性調(diào)整，實(shí)現(xiàn)因人定“劑”的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。

The diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is focused on suiting the remedy to the disease. Different therapies can be applied to the similar diseases and different diseases can be treated with similar remedies.TCM doctors customize doses according to the actual situation of geographical climate, patient's physical conditions and disease development.The standardized prescriptions are adjusted in terms of drug compatibility and dosage, so as to achieve the dynamic balance.

結(jié) 語

Conclusion

時(shí)至今日，藥、方、劑的中藥體系在科技助力下更趨完善，成為實(shí)施健康中國戰(zhàn)略的重要選項(xiàng)，不僅是健康所系、性命相托的依賴，更成為文化認(rèn)同感、民族凝聚力的組成部分。讓這顆中國古代科學(xué)的瑰寶在發(fā)展和傳承中綻放新的光彩，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化仍大有可為。

Today, the prescription system of traditional Chinese medicine has become more and more perfect under the aid of science and technology. It has become an important option for implementing the strategy of "HEALTHY CHINA". The prescription system is not only the key to health, but also an integral part of cultural identity and national cohesion. Standardization will let this gem of ancient Chinese science bloom in the development and inheritance.