淺談高中英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀的破解技巧

王美竹

根據(jù)《考試說(shuō)明》要求，高中英語(yǔ)的任務(wù)型閱讀，即“七選五”，主要考察考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。任務(wù)型閱讀通常精選一篇300詞左右的短文，列出七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，讓考生從中選出五個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)填到文中，從而使文章連貫和完整。這一題型要求考生具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，并且具有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力和判斷、推理能力。另外，選項(xiàng)之間常常互相牽制，考生很可能因?yàn)檫x錯(cuò)一處而導(dǎo)致兩處錯(cuò)填的情況發(fā)生。筆者在高中英語(yǔ)教育一線工作多年，積累了一些破解“七選五”的巧妙方法，并應(yīng)用于實(shí)際教學(xué)中，效果不錯(cuò)，可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下。

1. 從挖空位置入手（主要靠翻譯）

1.1 挖空位置在句首（主題句），看后句

例如：（2014全國(guó)Ⅰ卷） 40 ?There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music， acting， drawing， building photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

B. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

1.2 挖空位置在句尾（總結(jié)句），看前句

例如：（2013全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Most businesses seek to make a profit （利潤(rùn)）—that is， they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. However， some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. Commonly called nonprofits， these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.72

A. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

B. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

1.3 挖空位置在句中（承上啟下），看前后句

例如：（2015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.37Its understandable， but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.

A. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

B. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

2. 從文章結(jié)構(gòu)入手

2.1 確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)（一般都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)）

總起段的最后一句常引起下文的分述，例如：

（2014北京卷）Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information， how to separate fact from opinions， how to recognize poor reasoning， and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.71

Go to the original source...

Watch for misleading language...

Use your common sense...

Make choice that are right for you...

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.

B. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

2.2 如何選擇小標(biāo)題

（1）參照其他小標(biāo)題;（2）一般為祈使句且比較簡(jiǎn)短;（3）看下面段落的首句（既確定下面段落的主要內(nèi)容），例如：

（2011全國(guó)卷）Parents should help their children understand money. 71. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest. So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things， candy or toys， for example.

1. The basic function of money...

2. Money lessons...

3. 74

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic （無(wú)商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品）， for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money...

A. Wise decisions.

B. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

2.2.1 根據(jù)小標(biāo)題選擇下面段落的內(nèi)容

例如：（2012全國(guó)卷）Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends， its time to get down to business. 74 Even if you cant solve it all， you can solve a piece of it.

A. You need to figure out what the problem is.

B. And dont forget about your friends.

2.2.2 排比句

例如：（2017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷）Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week， take a look at your record.40If not， take another look at other methods you could try.

A. If the steps you take are working， keep it up.

B. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time， no matter the day.

2.2.3 劃分段落層次

例如：（ 2013全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning， direction， and control of the operations of a business.73One is the establishment （制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment， materials and supplies; and accounting. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision （監(jiān)管） and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

3. 尋找關(guān)鍵詞

3.1 代詞和限定詞

如it、they、we、this、these、its、another、them等。

例如：（2015甘肅蘭州雙基過(guò)關(guān)） 1 ?These simple tasks will takes you less than 30 minutes to complete each evening and will save you a huge headache every morning.

A. Make a summary of what you did in the daytime.

B. Iron your clothes， locate your keys， plan a nutritious breakfast， etc.

3.2 關(guān)聯(lián)詞

3.2.1 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

如also、in addition、whats more、in other words、for example、second、besides等。

例如：（2016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book. 39For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”.

A. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

3.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

如but、however、instead、otherwise、yet、on the other hand、on the contrary等。

例如：（2015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.40Instead， its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

B. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

3.2.3 因果關(guān)系

如why、because、therefore、so、as a result、for this reason、as、since等。

例如：（2013全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）51， so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses， here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.

A. You already do lots of things well

B. Whatever the presentation， public speaking is tough

3.3 原詞，近義詞和反義詞

例如：（2012全國(guó)卷）Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 71Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—dont solve （解決） much.

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B. Different people feel stress in different ways.

4. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)法（注意填空處是逗號(hào)還是句號(hào)）

例如：（2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）When you need to talk to someone， dont do it in your own office.39 ， its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.

A. If youre busy， dont feel bad about saying no

B. If youre in the other persons office or in a public area

5. 首字母法（句首單詞的首字母要大寫）

例如：（2017遼寧海城同澤高二月考）Another reason for the weakness of todays youth， in my opinion， comes from societys pressures. ? 40 ?. On the other hand， society refuses to accept that children sometimes do fail. But failure is more important because it can teach the young how to win next time.

A. The young are forced to try too hard to succeed

B. people love success and are afraid of failure

以上技巧可以幫助考生在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)鎖定正確選項(xiàng)的范圍，但不能作為解答任務(wù)型閱讀的唯一依據(jù)?？忌綍r(shí)要注重提高詞匯量，打好扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，并培養(yǎng)閱讀的理解、領(lǐng)悟和分析能力，才能真正做到融會(huì)貫通，從而在高考中取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。