醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)專業(yè)面臨的生物安全問(wèn)題探討

張忠亮

[摘要] 目的 對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作面臨的生物安全問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，提出安全防護(hù)措施。方法 在查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合工作實(shí)際狀況，對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作中存在的生物安全問(wèn)題進(jìn)行全面分析，提出相關(guān)的改進(jìn)措施。結(jié)果 通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)生物安全防護(hù)方面存在缺乏安全防護(hù)意識(shí)、工作區(qū)域布局不科學(xué)、檢驗(yàn)工作設(shè)施設(shè)備落后、生物安全防護(hù)監(jiān)管不足等問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題阻礙了生物安全防護(hù)工作的開展、影響醫(yī)院內(nèi)部感染防控。結(jié)論 通過(guò)采取定期監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)估生物安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素、提高檢驗(yàn)工作人員生物安全防護(hù)意識(shí)、科學(xué)合理布局實(shí)驗(yàn)室布局、配備先進(jìn)的生物安全防護(hù)設(shè)施及設(shè)備、完善和落實(shí)生物安全防護(hù)規(guī)章制度等方法，提升醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室生物安全防護(hù)工作水平。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)；生物安全；生物安全防護(hù)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R446.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1672-5654（2018）03（a）-0025-02

Discussion on Biosecurity in Medical Laboratory Specialty

ZHANG Zhong-liang

Linyi Lanshan District Peoples Hospital， Linyi， Shandong Province， 276000 China

[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the biological safety problems faced by the medical laboratory， and to put forward the measures of safety protection. Methods On the basis of consulting the relevant literature and combining the actual situation of work， the biological safety problems existing in the medical inspection work were comprehensively analyzed， and the relevant improvement measures were put forward. Results Based on the analysis of the status quo of the existing medical examination work， it was found that there were some problems in the field of biological safety protection， such as the lack of awareness of safety protection， the unscientific layout of the work area， the backwardness of the testing facilities and the inadequate supervision of the biological safety protection， which had hindered the development of biosecurity work， affecting the prevention and control of infection within the hospital. Conclusion By taking regular monitoring and assessment biosecurity risk factors， it is necessary to improve the awareness of inspection staff in biosecurity protection， layout of laboratories in a scientific and rational manner， equip advanced biosecurity protection facilities and equipment， and improve and implement the rules and regulations on biosafety protection so as to enhance medical care Laboratory biosafety testing work level.

[Key words] Medical tests； Biosafety； Biosafety protection

生物安全是指人類對(duì)危害人類健康和自然環(huán)境的動(dòng)物、植物、微生物等生物體通過(guò)一系列措施進(jìn)行的防范行為[1-2]。隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，人們?cè)絹?lái)越重視醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室生物安全問(wèn)題。同時(shí)由于檢驗(yàn)人員在常規(guī)工作中需要常常接觸患者血液、體液及排泄物等，這些物質(zhì)有著很強(qiáng)的傳染性，如果防護(hù)措施不力很容易造成感染，造成院內(nèi)交叉感染[3-4]。所以需要重視醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)生物安全防護(hù)工作。該文在分析當(dāng)前醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作生物安全防護(hù)現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上，分析制定改進(jìn)措施，供醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)人員參考借鑒。

1 醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作生物安全防護(hù)現(xiàn)狀分析

1.1 缺乏生物安全防護(hù)意識(shí)

醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)工作人員在生物安全防護(hù)方面一些人員缺乏必要的認(rèn)識(shí)，在檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)本時(shí)缺乏必要的安全防護(hù)措施，或不按照規(guī)范流程進(jìn)行操作，或不采取安全防護(hù)措施如不戴防護(hù)工作帽、手套、口罩和防護(hù)鏡等，出入工作區(qū)域時(shí)不按規(guī)定進(jìn)行衣物和鞋子的更換，在工作區(qū)域隨意飲食等。這些不符合規(guī)范的行為都會(huì)給醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)生物安全帶來(lái)危害。如果這些防護(hù)措施不全面，很容易造成標(biāo)本處理意外暴露，導(dǎo)致標(biāo)本感染其他細(xì)菌，特別是乙型肝炎病毒、艾滋病病毒及結(jié)核分枝桿菌等，從而帶來(lái)極其嚴(yán)重的后果。