桃源鄉(xiāng)

（日）石原和幸

1總平面圖Site condition plan

2 鳥瞰效果圖Aerial view

3島意向圖Island intention

4 跌水意向圖Folded water intention

5 水車意向圖Waterwheel intention

6種植意向圖Planting intention

《桃花源記》是一篇描寫世外桃源的中國文學(xué)，展現(xiàn)了居住在世外桃源里的人們所創(chuàng)造的自然風(fēng)景。這些通過親近自然獲得美好生活的人們，是北京世園會生態(tài)學(xué)理念目標(biāo)的先驅(qū)者。

將這種親近自然的生活方式與少年時期銘記于心的風(fēng)景及桃源鄉(xiāng)進行疊加，并以此為題建造庭園，重現(xiàn)日本或是中國逐漸消失的風(fēng)景，會讓人回想起與自然親近的生活方式。

設(shè)計概念

《桃花源記》中有這樣的描述，穿過桃花林與水溪旁狹窄的入口，空間豁然開朗，有肥沃的田地、美麗的池沼及縱橫交錯的田間小路。庭園整體的構(gòu)想與桃源鄉(xiāng)相同，將富含花與水的幻想空間作為設(shè)計目標(biāo)。

庭園中的多處場地以水面覆蓋，可以感受到豐富的瀑布跌水景觀與近水的植物景觀。水池采用自然的形態(tài)，弱化人工雕琢的痕跡，園路圍繞水池一周，象征著人與水相依相存。中央位置的水池兩端分別設(shè)置亭子與水車，營造人們在此生活的景象，并通過霧化鼓風(fēng)機釋放霧氣，營造夢幻般的氣氛，給人以亭子懸浮于空的印象。庭園邊界附近栽種植物，象征與外界隔絕，同時為避免對庭園內(nèi)景觀產(chǎn)生干擾，控制大喬木種植，形成內(nèi)部開闊的空間。此外，庭園內(nèi)整體配植桃樹及與桃樹同屬的梅桃等植物，表達花鄉(xiāng)之意。

7 種植方案平面圖Planting Plan

8 植物分區(qū)圖Plant zoning plan

9 照明設(shè)置示意圖Lighting setting

種植構(gòu)思

庭園的種植設(shè)計將以色彩作為主題。在自然界中可以看到各種各樣的色彩，不僅是葉子的色彩濃淡，也包括花、果實及彩葉植物的不同色彩。在被廣告牌的強烈色彩包圍的現(xiàn)代生活中，這些來自自然界的色彩是十分必要的。模仿由季節(jié)產(chǎn)生的自然變化則相對比較困難，本次設(shè)計將以通過植物色彩利用加強不同季節(jié)的印象作為植栽目標(biāo)。

展園所在區(qū)位的冬季嚴(yán)寒是一個挑戰(zhàn)，本次設(shè)計在可使用的植物中，選定可以體現(xiàn)四季色彩變化的植物。此外，為延續(xù)桃花源記的主題，在全園內(nèi)配植桃樹以及同屬植物。同時為了植栽配色，將推薦植物名錄以外的雞爪槭（Acer palmatum）、雞爪槭‘松村’（Acer palmatum‘matsumurae’）、紫薇（Legerstroemiaindica）、玉蟬花（Iris ensata）等植物列入種植設(shè)計。

?木本植物

此次設(shè)計中使用的喬木主要分為4類。其中包括春季觀花類的植物（櫻花、桃）；夏季多雨季保持優(yōu)良觀賞姿態(tài)的植物（苔蘚、莢蒾、紫薇）；秋季觀彩色葉類的植物（槭樹類、櫻）；以及冬季枯葉期保持良好觀賞價值的植物（松、白樺、紅瑞木、槲樹）。

在植物造景的手法中，并沒有采取植物群落搭配的手段，而是通過多樹種重疊，以多種色相以及植物顏色的濃淡對比作為主要的植物造景手法。例如，深葉色植物與淺葉色植物并置；橙紅葉色樹木與赤紅葉色樹木并置。在日本的自然景觀中，眺望郊野的山體，會在樹木的萌發(fā)期及紅葉期呈現(xiàn)出豐富的馬賽克狀的顏色圖案形式。本次的展園中，也采用類似的非均一式的斑塊狀顏色圖樣來表達。

?草本植物

此次設(shè)計中，以宿根類植物作為主要的草本植物類型。由于一二年生草本的生命周期較短，無法表現(xiàn)出桃花源永恒存在的主題特征，因此選用多年生草本來表達時間流逝的體驗。草本植物的種植策略，與庭園整體的安定靜寂的氣氛相符合，選用與苔蘚相配的種類進行栽植。

場地東側(cè)為開花植物區(qū)，種植喜陽植物，形成花色繽紛的景觀，如歐洲銀蓮花、常夏石竹、山桃草、西伯利亞鳶尾、針葉天藍繡球、林蔭鼠尾草等；場地西側(cè)為喜陰植物區(qū)，選擇耐陰植物為主要的草本種類，如落新婦、萱草、珊瑚鈴、玉簪、黃水枝等，結(jié)合苔蘚形成寧靜優(yōu)雅的空間；水生植物區(qū)種植水生植物營造水景，如睡蓮、梭魚草、再力花、小香蒲、玉蟬花等。

（編輯/王一蘭）

主設(shè)計師：石原 和幸

設(shè)計團隊：阿部 直角，小田 智博

企劃擔(dān)當(dāng)：原 純子

日文翻譯：馬嘉，王培嚴(yán)，陳瑞

英文翻譯：萬靜柯

The articleThe Peach Colonywhich describes the story of “a paradise on Earth” show us the natural scenery created by people who live in the peach colony. Those people who gained wonderful life by being close to nature are the pioneers under the goal of ecological concept of Beijing Expo 2019.

Mr. Ishihara integrated this kind of lifestyle of being close to nature with the scenery where he had experienced and kept deeply in his mind in adolescent period and “a Paradise on Earth”, so he decided to create garden according to this. Meanwhile, recurring Japanese or Chinese scenery which is gradually disappearing reminds people of the lifestyle of being close to nature.

Design Concept

It is described inThe Peach Colonythat going through the narrow entrance between the peach forest and the river, the space suddenly becomes large and bright. There are fertile farmland, beautiful pools and ponds, and intersecting paths in the fields. The integral concept of garden is same as “a Paradise on Earth” taking the imaginative space full of flowers and water as my goal of design.

There are many sites covered by water in garden,which can make people feel the ample landscape of waterfall running down and plants near the water.Pools are designed in natural form, weakening the trace of artificial carve, and the road of garden surrounds the pool for a round, which is a symbol of interdependence between man and water. Pools located at the center are respectively equipped with pavilion and waterwheel at both ends, creating the scene that people live here. And releasing the mist by atomizing air blower creates dreamy atmosphere,impressing people the feel of a pavilion suspending in air. Plants are grown near border of garden representing the isolation from outside world. At the same time, for the purpose of avoiding interference to landscape in garden, the planting of large plants need to be limited so as to form wide space. In addition,only peach trees and plum trees or some trees which belong to the same family are planted for matching with the garden in order to express the meaning of flower town.

Planting Concept

The design of garden is themed on colors.There are various colors in the nature, which not only include different shades of leaves, but also different colors of flowers, fruits and color-leafed plants. In modern life, the buildings composed of solid concrete are surrounded by the intense colors of billboards. So it is very necessary to have the colors of the nature. It’s pretty difficult to imitate seasonal variations. Therefore, this design is aimed at reinforcing different impressions of seasons with the usage of colorful plants.

The freezing weather conditions in winter would be a challenge. So among the alternative plants in this design, we choose the plants that can show the color variations in the four seasons. Besides, in order to continue the theme of “the paradise on earth”,peach tree and its congeneric plants are planted in the garden. Moreover, considering the plant color scheme,we recommend the plants that beyond the plant list,such asAcer palmatum,Acer palmatum‘matsumurae’,Legerstroemia indicaandIris ensata.

? Xylophyta

The trees used in this garden fall into four categories: the spring flowering plants (Prunus serrulata,Prunus persica); the plants that can keep good ornamental in rainy summer (moss,Viburnum opulus);the plants that have colorful leaves in autumn (Acer,Prunus serrulata); the plants that are with high value of appreciating (Pinus tabulaeformis,Betula platyphylla,Cornus alba, andQuercus dentata).

We do not take collocation the of herbaceous vegetation communities as the means of planting design, instead of overlapping multiple trees species and using many colors and different shades of leaves to form a contrast. For example, deep-coloredleaf plants and light-colored-leaf plants are placed together; orange-and-red-leaf trees and crimson-leaf trees are put together. In Japanese natural landscape,overlooking the mountains located at outskirts, we would find the pattern of richly mosaic color and when the trees are during the periods of germination and red leaves, which is applied to the garden at this time.

?Herbaceous Vegetation

Perennial plants are the main herbaceous plants used in this design. Since the biennial herb has a rather short lifespan and can’t embody the theme of the “the paradise on earth” lasting forever, we choose perennial herb to express the feeling of time passing by. The planning of growing herbaceous vegetation is in line with the peaceful and quiet atmosphere in the whole garden. We choose the plants that are matched with moss.

The east of the place is flowering plant area where sun-loving plants are grown. These plants bloom very well making the place splendid. They includeAnemone coronaria,Dianthus plumarius,Gaura lindheimeri,Iris sibirica,Phlox subulataandSalvia×nemorosaand something like these. And the west of the place is shade plant area where shade plants are integrated with moss creating calm and graceful atmosphere. And shade plants areAstilbe chinensis,Hemerocalis,Heuchera,HostaandTiarella, ect. The rest of the place is water plant area where plants live in water, and they help to make the waterscape. These plants includeNymphaea,Pontederia cordata,Thalia dealbata,Typha minima,Iris ensataand so on.