茅野市民館，長野，日本

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：古谷誠章 + NASCA建筑師事務(wù)所 + 茅野建筑學(xué)會

茅野市民館是一座與JR中央本線茅野站直接相連的綜合文化設(shè)施，有一間800座的座席可變的多功能廳、一間300座的音樂廳，以及美術(shù)館和圖書室。

由35位市民代表組成的“茅野市地域文化開創(chuàng)協(xié)會”自1999年啟動以來，從構(gòu)想到招標(biāo)來選擇設(shè)計(jì)單位，再到策定基本規(guī)劃和管理運(yùn)營規(guī)劃，完全是一次市民主導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目。這座由市民創(chuàng)造、為市民交流而建的“城市廣場”一樣的文化設(shè)施，終于在2005年6月建成了。

因?yàn)檎屧L一帶的近鄰自治體的既有設(shè)施中，大型廳作為音樂專用空間、小型廳作為可變空間使用的例子比較多，為了避免與之競爭，我們設(shè)想了一種能夠互相彌補(bǔ)的通用型設(shè)施。多功能廳采用空氣腳輪車來移動座席，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從階梯式到平土間一共14種座席構(gòu)成，甚至座席后面的墻壁打開后還能跟門廳空間連成一體。這樣一來，這里不僅能舉辦音樂會、戲劇表演和演講，還可以應(yīng)對大規(guī)模的展覽或活動。另一間音樂廳雖然規(guī)模小，卻能作為室內(nèi)樂專用房間使用，出于隔音考慮被設(shè)置在了離鐵路最遠(yuǎn)的位置。

大小兩個(gè)廳再加上常設(shè)展廳、市民畫廊等美術(shù)館設(shè)施，以及可以單獨(dú)借出的彩排室和練習(xí)室，甚至餐廳和圖書館的站前分室等，都通過一條門廳空間連接起來。門廳有時(shí)是各廳的休息區(qū)，有時(shí)又變成美術(shù)館的擴(kuò)展空間，甚至自己還能成為第三個(gè)廳，這些都是通過靈活而細(xì)致的構(gòu)想加以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。我們通過這樣的設(shè)計(jì)，試圖使那些帶著不同目的而來的訪客們能自然而然地有機(jī)會接觸其他人的活動，這樣不僅可以激發(fā)他們對未知領(lǐng)域的興趣，還能使其在有限的預(yù)算和面積條件下享受到更寬敞的空間。

另外，這個(gè)門廳空間通過一座設(shè)有玻璃幕墻和緩慢斜坡的樓，將茅野站的東西通路直接相連，使用者可以完全不出站就直接進(jìn)入市民館。這里冬天非常寒冷，高中生們在火車到站前一分鐘還可以在斜坡樓的圖書室里待著，而站臺上或火車?yán)锏某丝鸵部梢栽竭^玻璃幕墻看到市民館內(nèi)的各種活動。換句話說，這里是作為茅野的一個(gè)新的地域文化創(chuàng)造的櫥窗來構(gòu)想的。

自從2001年的公開招標(biāo)中被選為設(shè)計(jì)單位后，我們就和市民代表組成的“基本計(jì)劃策定委員會”的成員們以及茅野市負(fù)責(zé)人一起進(jìn)行了無數(shù)次工作坊討論，共同為將來要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造的建筑圖景而努力。就這樣與市民通力協(xié)作了5年后，2005年10月1日終于迎來了市民館的全面對外開放。在大小兩個(gè)廳、美術(shù)館、門廳、工作坊、中庭等館內(nèi)全部場所中，由市民親自策劃的各類活動同時(shí)進(jìn)行，為期兩天的“市民館誕生祭”在綜合體特有的乘法效應(yīng)和活力中圓滿舉行。多功能廳的首次公演是由活躍在全世界的茅野出身的演奏家們回到家鄉(xiāng)帶來的慶生音樂會，而第二天多功能廳被徹底改成平土間，由同樣是茅野出身的現(xiàn)居紐約的人氣DJ策劃了俱樂部活動，再加上可變型廳施展出的多彩空間構(gòu)成，使男女老少能跨越年齡界限進(jìn)行交流，這些都預(yù)示了茅野市民館在未來無限利用的可能?！?/p>

4-6 圖書室/Library

Chino Cultural Complex is a cultural facility with multiple functions directly connected with Chino Station of JR Chūō Main Line. The construction is composed of a multi-hall with 800 changeable seats, a concert hall of 300 seats, a museum and a library.

The project is completely under the management of citizens, from concept formation to calling for bids and choosing designers, then to formulating the fundamental plan and planning of its management and operation, through a"Chino Local Culture Creation Association" that was founded in 1999 and constituted by 35 citizen representatives. Finally in June 2005, this cultural facility, created by citizens and for citizen's communication like a "city square", was completed.

Since there have been a lot of constructions that use the large hall as the special music space and a smaller hall for changeable space in neighbourhood communities in Suwa, we designed a complementary facility for universal use. In the multi-hall, the air caster wagon was applied to move the seats, which makes it possible to arrange the seats into 14 shapes from ladder to parquet, even the wall behind the seats can be opened and the hall will be connected into the lobby as one space. Thus, the hall can be used not only to hold concert, theatre performance, and speech delivery, but also for larger scale exhibitions and activities. And the other concert hall, though smaller in size, can be used as a special room for indoor concert, which is designed at the farthest corner to the railway out of the sound insulation concern.

The two halls, the art museum facility including a permanent exhibition hall, a citizen gallery, etc.,the rehearsal room and the exercise room that can be borrowed, and even the station chamber of the restaurant and the library are all strung up by a lobby space. The lobby sometimes is the rest area for all halls, sometimes is an expanded space of the art museum, and sometimes becomes the third hall by itself, all of which are realised by flexible and delicate designs. Through such a design, we try to create chances for visitors, who come with various purposes, to contact with others' activity, which not only may stimulate their interest for unknown field,but also provide them a larger space compared to the limited budget and area.

In addition, the lobby space also connects the eastwest-oriented path of Chino Station with a building with glass curtain and slow slope, through which users can directly enter the complex without getting out of the station. The winter here is quite cold, and middle school students can wait for their train to the last minute in the library at the slope building, meanwhile,passengers on the platform or trains can also see the activities in the construction through the glass curtain.In other words, it is designed as a window to showcase the new local culture in Chino.

After being chosen as the designer in the open bidding in 2001, we held numerous workshops with the citizen members of the "Fundamental Plan Formation Committee" and related officials of Chino City, jointly putting our efforts into creating the architectural vision for the future. After 5 years of work and collaboration with the citizens, the cultural complex was fully opened to the public on October 1, 2005. In all the spaces including the two halls, the art museum, the lobby, the workshop, and the atrium, various activities that were schemed by citizens themselves were held at the same time.And a 2-day-long "birthday celebration for Chino Cultural Complex" was successfully held amid the special multiplication effect and vitality of a complex construction. The very first show of the multi-hall is a birthday celebration concert performed by players who come from Chino and are active in the world.Then the multi-hall was completely changed into full fl at for a club event hosted by a popular DJ who also comes from Chino and lives in New York now.With the colourful spatial constituents from the changeable hall, people are able to communicate with each other no matter what gender or age they are, which implies limitless using possibilities of Chino Cultural Complex in the future.□

12-14 立面/Elevations

15 從活動空間看向門廳/View from the event space to the lobby

評論

馬英：茅野市民館作為具有多功能廳、音樂廳、美術(shù)館和圖書室的綜合性文化設(shè)施，總體布局在解決自身功能性問題的同時(shí)，突出考慮與臨近JR茅野中央本線的關(guān)系。市民館自身建筑形象并不追求形式的獨(dú)特性與異質(zhì)性，簡潔的平面、精細(xì)的立面、可變的空間、機(jī)動的設(shè)施等體現(xiàn)了市民館的高效性與易讀性。建筑單體作為JR中央本線的有機(jī)組成部分，與車站、購物中心、酒店等周邊設(shè)施快捷相連，形成了具有典型日本TOD交通樞紐發(fā)展模式的城市綜合體，體現(xiàn)了綜合性、通過性、人性化的重要特質(zhì)。這里不僅承載著人們多樣化的物質(zhì)消費(fèi)，更是承載精神文化消費(fèi)的城市集聚場所。

16 門廳內(nèi)景/Interior view, lobby

市川纮司：搭電車從JR茅野站下車，然后上到二層從驗(yàn)票閘機(jī)出去，立刻就是這座建筑的入口。進(jìn)去后，是一間兩側(cè)為玻璃幕墻的明亮的圖書館，沿斜坡或臺階走下去，是巨大的開放式大廳和中庭，那里也可以通往市民美術(shù)館或其他大廳……這些連續(xù)的空間體驗(yàn)非常舒服，我去參觀的時(shí)候才剛剛竣工，卻仿佛跟車站一起已經(jīng)建了一段時(shí)間一樣，很自然。從招標(biāo)的開展到竣工后的管理、運(yùn)營，以及建設(shè)過程中大量市民的參與和協(xié)助，都是十分重要的因素。招標(biāo)中選出的設(shè)計(jì)者古谷誠章與市民們一起反復(fù)討論，最后將之升華為精巧的建筑。日本從1990年代到現(xiàn)在，居民參與型公共建筑在不斷增加，而這個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該可以說是其中比較早期的成功案例。

17 多功能廳/Multi-hall

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 古谷誠章/Nobuaki Furuya主要功能/Main Use: 劇場、博物館和圖書館/Theatre,museum and library

主要結(jié)構(gòu)/Main Structure: 鋼筋混凝土、混凝土、鋼/Steel reinforced concrete, Reinforced concrete, Steel

基地面積/Site Area: 15,533.43m2

占地面積/Building Area: 6011.49m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 10,806.37m2

層數(shù)/Number of Floors: 地下1層，地上3層/1 basement floor, 3 floors aboveground

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2002.03-2003.01

施工時(shí)間/Construction: 2003.07-2005.03

攝影/Photos: 淺川敏/Satoshi Asakawa

18 音樂廳/Concert hall

Comments

MA Ying: Chino Cultural Complex is a comprehensive cultural facility containing a multi-function hall, a concert hall, a museum, and a library. When addressing the functional problems in its general layout, the highlight is put on its relationship between the nearby JR Chuo Main Line. Instead of pursuing for unique and heterogeneous architectural image, the plain plane, refined fa?ade,changeable space, and mobile facilities all reflect the highefficiency and easy-readable of the project. As an organic composing part of JR Chuo Main Line, the building realises a convenient connection to the railway station,the shopping centre, the hotel, and other surrounding facilities, forming an urban complex with typical characteristics of Japanese TOD transport hub that stresses comprehensiveness, trafficability, and humanoriented. It is an urban gathering site bearing people's consumption activities, both in diversified material forms and in spiritual and cultural form.

Ichikawa Koji: Arriving from JR Chino station and exiting from the second floor, you are immediately standing in front of this building. You enter though the well-lit, glass-walled library, descend via the stairs or the ramp, and find yourself in a huge open-plan lobby and the centre courtyard. From here you can enter the Chino City Art Museum and the other rooms. This central connection makes the building very pleasant and easy to navigate. Construction of the building had just fi nished when I went to visit for the first time, but it felt as though it had been standing next to the station since the beginning. The relationship between the Chino Cultural Complex and its surroundings feels organic and natural.The citizens of Chino were very much engaged with this project; They helped in the planning, management and implementation of the construction work. The architect Nobuaki Furuya had many discussions with the locals, and this elegant building was the fruit of their cooperative efforts. Since the 1990s, ordinary Japanese people have become more and more involved in the construction projects of big public buildings. Chino Cultural Complex is a very positive early example of this kind of public project.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)