江蘇 張祥美
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的能力及自然現(xiàn)象等。這一時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)中的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,也是歷年中考的重要考點(diǎn)之一。現(xiàn)在,我們就從“重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、疑點(diǎn)”三大方面了解一下一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)最基本的用法是表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,還可表示人或事物的特征、能力,以及客觀(guān)事實(shí)、普遍真理等。例如:
1.—How do you usually go to school?
—I________to school on foot.【2017·北京中考題】
A.go B.went
C.was going D.will go
2.Yesterday the teacher told us the earth_______the sun. 【2016·煙臺(tái)中考題】
A.goes around B.went around
C.is going around D.would go around
此外,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可以表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o,leave,come,start,arrive等。例如:
3.—Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?
—I’m not sure.But I’ll ring you up as soon as I_______there tomorrow.【2017·襄陽(yáng)中考題】
A.arrive B.arrived
C.will arrive D.am going to arrive
【溫馨提醒】
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可表示過(guò)去。例如:
I come to say sorry to you.我是來(lái)向你道歉的。(句中come表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也常用于戲劇、電影的舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明,還可用于體育比賽的解說(shuō)。一些科普文章、說(shuō)明文等也多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的頻度副詞有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never等,與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有every day/week/year,in the morning/afternoon/evening,on Sundays/Mondays等,這些詞語(yǔ)都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。
不過(guò),判斷一個(gè)句子使用何種時(shí)態(tài)最重要的依據(jù)就是句意或上下文,看看它是否符合該時(shí)態(tài)的用法。如always除了可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用外,還可以用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如:
4.—These people are really nice.
—Yes,they________show respect for our feelings. 【2017·沈陽(yáng)中考題】
A.seldom B.neverC.always D.already
5.Jim is a top student.He is_______working hard at school. 【2017·泰州模擬題】
A.seldom B.sometimes
C.never D.always
(一)英語(yǔ)中一種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成關(guān)鍵是看它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中的形式也不同。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成通常有三種情況:
A.含be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),be動(dòng)詞的形式有am,is,are。 例如:
6.The twins________fond of the new idea in the magazine article. 【2016·上海中考題】
A.be B.am C.is D.are
B.含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),動(dòng)詞要用原形或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。例如:
7.—What does your father do after dinner?
—He usually_______newspapers.【2017·貴港中考題】
A.reads B.watches
C.looks D.sees
C.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
8.I have travelled a lot.I________speak four languages. 【2017·河北中考題】
A.can B.may C.must D.need
(二)若主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式要恢復(fù)為原形,其助動(dòng)詞要用does。例如:
9.Li Lei does the housework every day.(改為否定句) 【2016·孝感中考題】
Li Lei_________the housework every day.
(三)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,副詞usually,always,never,seldom等通常位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前面,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。often,sometimes比較靈活,位于句首、句中或句尾均可。例如:
10.—Joan has made great progress in speaking Chinese.
—She_______works hard at it,you know.【2017·福建中考題】
A.never B.seldom C.always
11.On weekends,I often relax at home,but________I go shopping. 【2016·鹽城模擬題】
A.never B.often
C.sometimes D.always
(四)在含有when,as soon as,till,until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
12.A nurse_________Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother________away.【2017·蘭州中考題】
A.naming;is B.naming;will be
C.named;is D.named;will be
13.My family will go to Yunnan as soon as the holiday________. 【2017·綏化中考題】
A.will begin B.begin C.begins
14.If it________sunny tomorrow,I will go shopping with my friend in the supermarket.【2017·西寧中考題】
A.will B.be C.is D.was
(五)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在反意疑問(wèn)句中的運(yùn)用。例如:
15.Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine,_________?【2017·上海中考題】
A.is she B.does she
C.isn’t she D.doesn’t she
此外,還應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,一般情況下,只在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s即可;若詞尾是-o,-s,-x,-ch,-sh時(shí),必須在詞尾加-es;若詞尾是輔音字母加y時(shí),則把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es。例如:
16.The earth is a planet and it________around the sun. 【2017·天津中考題】
A.goes B.go C.will go D.went
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的重、難、疑點(diǎn)也是各類(lèi)考試的考點(diǎn)。咱們?cè)谙旅娴木毩?xí)中再來(lái)一起親密接觸一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)吧。
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.—What time_______Tom usually_______(get)up?
—He usually_______(get)up at half past six.
2.Lucy often_______(have)lunch at school.
Sometimes she_______(have)lunch at home.
3.—What_______your father_______(do)?
—He is a driver.
4.Liu Ming_______(read)English in the morning.
5.My father is always very busy.He_______(sleep)only six hours every night.