看不見的連接—英國(guó)脫歐紀(jì)念碑設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際競(jìng)賽方案

朱文一

從2013年英國(guó)前首相卡梅隆首次提出英國(guó)脫歐到近年來英國(guó)首相特蕾莎·梅的積極推動(dòng),英國(guó)脫歐正在向縱深發(fā)展。英國(guó)脫歐已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今世界具有重大影響力的事件之一。2017年11月，巴黎建筑學(xué)院舉辦了題為“英國(guó)脫歐紀(jì)念碑”設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際競(jìng)賽，競(jìng)賽副標(biāo)題為“后英國(guó)脫歐時(shí)代法國(guó)和英國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施：聯(lián)合王國(guó)離開歐盟后歐洲隧道的未來”。競(jìng)賽地段選址在連接英國(guó)和歐洲大陸的英吉利海峽隧道出入口，法國(guó)的Coquelles鎮(zhèn)附近的海峽隧道出入口和英國(guó)的Folkstone鎮(zhèn)附近的海峽隧道出入口以及連接倫敦和巴黎的高速列車上，這本身就具有強(qiáng)烈的象征意味。競(jìng)賽主辦方希望通過英國(guó)脫歐紀(jì)念碑的設(shè)計(jì)激發(fā)對(duì)失去歐洲合作議題的討論，但要充分考慮英國(guó)脫歐議題的敏感性。

朱文一工作室提交的“看不見的連接”（Link-Invisible）方案選擇高速列車車廂作為紀(jì)念載體，嘗試紀(jì)念碑設(shè)計(jì)的新類型。方案的特點(diǎn)如下：

第一，歐洲之星高速列車是跨越歐洲和英國(guó)的移動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，它在特定的時(shí)段內(nèi)歸屬于競(jìng)賽劃定的海峽隧道出入口?！翱床灰姷倪B接”方案設(shè)計(jì)了一節(jié)高速列車車廂，名叫“特殊透明車廂”（A Special Transparent Carriage,STC）(圖1）。在英國(guó)脫歐之后，可以看到在歐洲之星高速列車中部，有一節(jié)特殊的、車廂外殼由透明材料制成的車廂（圖2）。STC車廂則隨歐洲之星列車頻繁穿梭于布魯塞爾、巴黎和倫敦。方案想要表達(dá)的是，即使英國(guó)脫歐，歐洲（法國(guó)）和英國(guó)的連接也會(huì)非常緊密，只不過是連接方式不同而已。

第二，STC車廂透明材料上設(shè)計(jì)了法國(guó)、歐盟和英國(guó)的旗幟，分別代表與英國(guó)脫歐議題關(guān)聯(lián)的國(guó)家和機(jī)構(gòu)（圖3）。車廂內(nèi)則布置了6輛向前騎行的健身自行車，象征健康的、協(xié)同的、充滿活力的法國(guó)、歐盟和英國(guó)。這正是此方案所希望展示的STC既是具有紀(jì)念意義的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，也是可以互動(dòng)的紀(jì)念裝置。人們?cè)赟TC上騎行，歐洲之星列車駛過海峽隧道口以及隧道，都可以提示人們體會(huì)英國(guó)脫歐議題。

第三，STC車廂的透明表皮考慮了萬能視角下衛(wèi)星地圖上的建筑體驗(yàn)（圖4）。在萬能視角下，可以看到STC車廂地板上滿布的脫落一顆星的歐盟旗幟和英國(guó)國(guó)旗以及STC車頂半透明的法國(guó)三色國(guó)旗。只要衛(wèi)星地圖上出現(xiàn)這列特殊的歐洲之星列車，人們就可以看到STC車廂。極強(qiáng)的移動(dòng)性創(chuàng)造的廣泛影響力，成為方案的又一個(gè)特色。

當(dāng)在衛(wèi)星地圖上看到歐洲之星列車上的STC車廂正好行駛在海峽隧道口時(shí)，競(jìng)賽提出的地段上就出現(xiàn)了“看不見的連接”—英國(guó)脫歐紀(jì)念碑方案（圖5、圖6）。即使在智能手機(jī)衛(wèi)星地圖上，也可以體驗(yàn)到奇妙的STC車廂。

圖1 / Figure 1“看不見的連接”設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想A Concept of the Link-Invisible

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

In November 2017, the Paris School of Architecture hosted an international competition entitled “Brexit Monument” . The subtitle of the competition is “Post-Brexit Franco-British Infrastructure: The Future of the Eurotunnel after the United Kingdom‘s Departure from the EU”. The site is located at the entrance to the Channel Tunnel connecting the UK and continental Europe (Figure 1). The Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles in France and the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone in the UK, as well as the highspeed trains connecting London and Paris, have a strong symbolic meaning. The “Link-Invisible”scheme submitted by Zhu Wenyi Atelier chose highspeed train compartments to try new typology of monument.

First, the Eurostar high-speed train is a mobile infrastructure that spans Europe and the United Kingdom. The proposal designed a high-speed train compartment called “A Special Transparent Carriage”(STC) (Figure 2). Even after the Brexit, you can see a STC in the middle of the Eurostar high-speed train. The STC carriages travel frequently with the Eurostar trains in Brussels, Paris and London. It expresses that even after the Brexit, Europe (France)and the United Kingdom will also be very close, but the connection is different.

Second, the STC transparent material is designed with the flags of France, the European Union and the United Kingdom, representing the countries and EU associated with the Brexit issue (Figure 3).Inside the carriage, 6 fitness bike that rides forward,symbolizes healthy, coordinated, vibrant France, the European Union and the United Kingdom. When people are riding on the STC, when the Eurostar train crosses the Channel Tunnel, they can remind people of the Brexit issue.

Third, the transparent skin of the STC top takes into account the architectural experience on satellite maps (Figure 4). From God's eye view, you can see that the STC floor board is covered by the EU flag and the British flag, as well as the STC translucent French tricolor flag. The mobility of this monument has become another point of the proposal.

When the STC car on the Eurostar train seen on the satellite map was just at the entrance of the Channel(Figure 5, 6), you can experience the wonderful STC even through smart phone.

Brexit but still link invisible.

圖2 / Figure 2歐洲之星高速列車上一節(jié)“特殊透明車廂（STC）”A Special Transparent Carriage (STC) on the Eurostar high-speed train

圖3 / Figure 3 STC立面圖Elevation of STC

圖4 / Figure 4 STC平面圖Plan of STC

圖5 / Figure 5衛(wèi)星圖上STC在英國(guó)的Folkstone鎮(zhèn)附近的海峽隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone, UK

圖6 / Figure 6衛(wèi)星圖上STC在法國(guó)的Coquelles鎮(zhèn)附近的海峽隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles, France