鄭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校 劉慶延
高考英語(yǔ)高分檔次的作文要求考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),能夠應(yīng)用較多詞匯和一些高級(jí)詞匯,使用較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和一定的句型,有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 因此,高中生要想在高考得高分作文, 除了確定時(shí)態(tài)及人稱,有效使用連詞、使段與段、句與句明晰、做到文意與結(jié)構(gòu)上層次分明、條理清楚外,詞匯的選擇和句式的變化是高分作文的關(guān)鍵。
英語(yǔ)詞匯豐富,一詞多義、同義詞數(shù)量巨大,在寫作過程中,遇到的最大困難就是詞匯匱乏,造成表達(dá)思想時(shí),找不到合適的單詞,轉(zhuǎn)向使用簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯,沒有將自己以前所學(xué)的單詞“升級(jí)”,導(dǎo)致思想表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確、不高級(jí)。
例如,一想到“好”,就是“good”;一想到“壞”,就是“bad”,一想到“美麗”就是“beautiful”。這樣的低能詞匯,會(huì)讓老師感到疲倦。
①very可替換為 exremely, surprisingly
②finally可替換為last but not least
③many 可替換為a sea of, an ocean of, countless,an army of, a host of,a variety number of,numerous, a great deal of
④like sth可替換為be fond of,be crazy about sth,fall in love with sth
⑤should 可替換為 be supposed to
⑥think可替換為take the attitude that/harbor the idea that
⑦immediately可替換為in no time, in a flash
⑧difficult 可替換為 challenging
①beautiful 可替換為 attractive, appealing
②important 可替換為vital 至關(guān)重要的,essential 必不可少的, significant 有重要意義的;
③美麗的beautiful可替換為 appealing動(dòng)人的,attractive吸引人的charming迷人的 fascinating 迷人的
④in my opinion 可替換為 from my perspective,from my point of view, as far as I am concerned,personally,… 在我看來,…
把某些常見單詞轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ),體現(xiàn)活用短語(yǔ)能力。
①參加 join 可替換為take part in
②使用use可替換為→make good use of
③拜訪visit 可替換為pay a visit to
④重要的important 可替換為of great importance
⑤有害的harmful 可替換為of great harm
⑥有價(jià)值的valuable 可替換為 of great value
⑦看見 see可替換為 at the sight of
使用具體化單詞是指換掉某些表意不明確的單詞,換上表意更加明確具體的單詞,或者在句中適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)成分,讓句子的含義更加豐富,讓讀者更容易由句子展開豐富的聯(lián)想。
Mr Wang is a a good teacher. 可替換為:Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who kn ows how to enlighten us students.
A kind, patient and knowledgeable就比 good 具體說清楚,說出老師好在哪些方面,將原本毫無生氣的句子頓時(shí)變得生動(dòng)形象了。
高考英語(yǔ)作文重在設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)出讓閱卷老師眼前一亮的句子,應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),寫出感嘆句、倒裝句、復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等,頻變句型結(jié)構(gòu),使整篇文章句型豐富,不單一,能讓你的作文在高考中拿到高分。
(1)我們每學(xué)期都要去敬老院看望老人。
可翻譯為:We never fails to go to the nursinghouse to visit the seniors each term.
(2)這個(gè)小孩一直哭到媽媽回來。
可翻譯為:The baby didn't stop crying until his mum came.
(3)出入圖書館每個(gè)學(xué)生必須出示學(xué)生證
可翻譯為: Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card.
(1)以否定詞開頭,使用部分倒裝
I w i l l n e v e r g i v e u p.可替換為:Never will I give up.
其他的否定詞,如not, seldom,hardly,never,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumst ance等開頭后面的句子,采用倒裝都屬于更好的表達(dá)。
(2)以地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)開頭,使用完全倒裝The library is in the center of our school.
可替換為:In the center of our school lies the library.
(3)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首,使用部分倒裝Onlyin this way can I make progress.
英語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用物稱或形式主語(yǔ)開頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事發(fā)生在什么人身上,而漢語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用人稱開頭強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人發(fā)生了什么事, 所以漢語(yǔ)幾乎整篇文章都使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在英文中,使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以引出主題、突出主題,讓寫作更符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。再者文章大多都是主動(dòng)句,偶爾出現(xiàn)一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,會(huì)讓文章增色不少。
例如:我們每次可以借三本書,借閱時(shí)間為15天。We can borrow three books at a time,and we can keep them for fifteen days.
就不如翻譯At most three books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for fifteen days.
再如:隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展,人們?cè)诟鱾€(gè)領(lǐng)域都使用計(jì)算機(jī)。With the development of the science and techology, We use the computers in various fields
就不如翻譯為: With the development of the science and techology, computers are used in various fields.
使用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)),適當(dāng)運(yùn)用各種從句(定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句)是有效途徑。在寫作時(shí)能使 行文簡(jiǎn)潔形象且避免語(yǔ)句錯(cuò)誤,使英語(yǔ)表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練,地道。
(1)when he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
可替換為:On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
或者Having arrived in Beijing. he gave me an e-mail.
(2)I won't believe what he says.
可替換為:No matter what he says, I won't believe.
(3)The question is being discussed, it is of great importance.
可替換為:The question being discussed is of great importance.
(4)生活沒有目標(biāo)就像航海沒有指南針。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
(5)由于暴風(fēng)雨,所有的飛機(jī)都被取消,旅客只有乘火車了。
All flights had been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
就不如翻譯為:All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
(6)After supper was finished, we started to discuss the match.
可替換為: Supper finished ,we started to discuss the match.
高分作文練習(xí):(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)假定你是李華,從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上得知一個(gè)國(guó)際中學(xué)生組織將在新加坡舉辦夏令營(yíng),歡迎各國(guó)學(xué)生參加。請(qǐng)寫一封電子郵件申請(qǐng)參加。
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I’ve learned on the Internet that your summer camp, which is going to be held in Singapore(復(fù)雜句型,that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句又包含一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) is round the corner(亮點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)). I am really interested in it.
I am active and enjoy various activities(亮點(diǎn)詞匯), and hope to take part in it very much.I know the ability of communication is of importance(名詞短語(yǔ)替代形容詞) and I can speak English quite fluently(亮點(diǎn)詞匯). In addition(遞進(jìn)關(guān)系), in your camp, there are so many students from different countries. Therefore, I can communicate with the students from different parts of the world. Not only(倒裝句)can I introduce China to them, but I can know more about their countries as well.
此外, 完美的段落分配,清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)、長(zhǎng)短句的搭配順暢的連詞和干凈認(rèn)真的書寫也是高分作文的亮點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們只要做到抓住這些亮點(diǎn),評(píng)卷老師一定不會(huì)吝惜給你高分。