郴州煙區(qū)不同烤煙品種比較試驗(yàn)

李巖+李宏光+方明+江祥偉+佩帥

摘要 試驗(yàn)于2015—2016年在嘉禾縣普滿鄉(xiāng)試驗(yàn)示范基地進(jìn)行，選用6個供試品種，以研究其生長發(fā)育、抗病性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、外觀質(zhì)量和感官質(zhì)量等方面的特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明，根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂颦h(huán)境，供試品種均能夠適應(yīng)，而NC71和CZ-43形狀檢測更好；NC71和CZ-43的發(fā)病種類最少，感病指數(shù)較低；CZ-43的產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、均價、上等煙比例和中上等煙比例等經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀最高，其次為NC71，而2個品種之間無顯著差異；上、中、下部位煙葉的綜合得分均是CZ-43最高，其次為NC71、粵煙98；CZ-43的香氣質(zhì)、香氣量和感官質(zhì)量評價總分最高。據(jù)此，CZ-43、NC71可初步作為郴州煙區(qū)的備選品種進(jìn)行推廣和示范。

關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙；品種；生長發(fā)育；抗病性；經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀；外觀質(zhì)量；評吸質(zhì)量；湖南郴州

中圖分類號 S572.037 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2018）02-0029-04

Comparative Test of Different Tobacco Varieties in Chenzhou Tobacco Area

LI Yan 1 LI Hong-guang 2 FANG Ming 2 JIANG Xiang-wei 1 ZENG Pei-shuai 1 *

（1 Jiahe Branch，Chenzhou City Tobacco Company in Hunan Province，Jiahe Hunan 424500； 2 Chenzhou City Tobacco Company in Hunan Province）

Abstract The experiment was settled in demonstration base of Puman village in Jiahe County from 2015 to 2016.Taking six tobacco varieties as test material，the disease resistance，economic characters，appearance quality etc of tobacco were studied. The results were as follow：according to the local climate，all the varieties could adapt to the condition，while NC71 and CZ-43 shape were better；Disease types of NC71 and CZ-43 were at least，disease index was lower；the yield，output value，average price，fine proportion and superior proportion of tobacco and other economic value of CZ-43 were the highest，followed by NC71，but there was no significant difference between the two varieties.Composite scores on up，middle and lower parts of the tobacco leaves of CZ-43 was the highest，followed by NC71，Yueyan 98. Comprehensive score on aroma quality，aroma concentration，sensory quality of CZ-43 were highest. Consequently，CZ-43，NC71 could be used as promoting and demonstrating varieties in Chenzhou area.

Key words flue-cured tobacco；variety；growth and development；disease resistance；economic characters；appearance quality；smoking quality；Chenzhou Hunan

不同烤煙品種在同一生態(tài)條件下，因其自身的適應(yīng)性不同，煙葉的表現(xiàn)不盡相同[1-4]。在烤煙生產(chǎn)中，品種對烤煙產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率在20%～35%之間，而品種對品質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)率更大，在60%以上。在卷煙生產(chǎn)中，煙葉是其原料基礎(chǔ)，而煙葉品質(zhì)直接決定了卷煙產(chǎn)品的吸食品質(zhì)，其卷煙品質(zhì)的內(nèi)在因素由烤煙品種決定。因此，選用優(yōu)良適宜的烤煙品種是在農(nóng)業(yè)措施中獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)高效煙葉的有效手段，是突出卷煙產(chǎn)品風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)[5]。

郴州市是湖南最大煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)，也是全國優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)科技示范基地、全國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化煙葉生產(chǎn)示范區(qū)、全國四大濃香特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉產(chǎn)地之一，隸屬于全國煙草區(qū)劃中的“南嶺丘陵煙稻連作區(qū)”[6]。立足于郴州自然生態(tài)優(yōu)勢，產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模和市場優(yōu)勢，要突出郴州煙區(qū)的區(qū)域、質(zhì)量和品質(zhì)特色，著眼郴州濃香型特色煙葉品牌發(fā)展和全國卷煙工業(yè)企業(yè)資源配置方式的需要。本試驗(yàn)通過研究6個烤煙品種的生長發(fā)育特點(diǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、外觀質(zhì)量、化學(xué)成分和感官質(zhì)量評價等因素，分析不同品種在郴州煙區(qū)的適應(yīng)性情況，以期為該生態(tài)條件下篩選適宜的烤煙品種提供理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況

試驗(yàn)于2015—2016年在湖南省郴州市嘉禾縣普滿鄉(xiāng)試驗(yàn)示范基地進(jìn)行，嘉禾縣普滿鄉(xiāng)地處湘南，地形為丘陵，海拔275 m，屬亞熱帶濕潤季風(fēng)氣候，光照資源充足，雨量豐沛，年均溫18 ℃，年降水量1 416 mm，無霜期294 d，當(dāng)?shù)睾０?、氣候、水等條件與煙葉生長發(fā)育的需求規(guī)律基本吻合。土壤質(zhì)地多為淺黃泥和灰黃泥土，土壤中等肥力，前茬作物為水稻。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為45.01 g/kg、速效氮176.32 mg/kg、速效磷15.6 mg/kg、速效鉀110.3 mg/kg，pH值為6.5。endprint