走進(jìn)浙江現(xiàn)代名家的詩(shī)詞世界

張科

中華民族是詩(shī)的民族，中國(guó)人民對(duì)詩(shī)詞有著獨(dú)特的文化情結(jié)。一部中國(guó)詩(shī)詞史既是中華文明在語(yǔ)言文字上濃縮的精華，更是幾千年來(lái)中國(guó)人民精神風(fēng)貌的展示。從中國(guó)詩(shī)歌的緣起《詩(shī)經(jīng)》開始，包括漢魏六朝詩(shī)、唐宋詩(shī)詞、明清詩(shī)詞，—直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)當(dāng)代名人詩(shī)詞，千百年來(lái)，人們就是從這些意韻無(wú)窮的詩(shī)詞中得到滋養(yǎng)，代代相傳、生生不息。

詩(shī)詞是中國(guó)人表達(dá)情感的最古老的方式。央視詩(shī)詞類節(jié)目《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》《朗讀者》火爆的深層次原因，就是中華民族詩(shī)心不老，一遇水與陽(yáng)光就會(huì)勃發(fā)綻放。

浙江大學(xué)人文學(xué)院丁茂遠(yuǎn)教授所著《浙江現(xiàn)代十大家詩(shī)詞賞析》一書，新近由中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)出版社出版，受到讀者的歡迎與好評(píng)。書中入選的十位大家是：蔡元培、章太炎、劉大白、魯迅、馬一浮、沈尹默、郁達(dá)夫、茅盾、俞平伯、夏承燾。他們?cè)诟髯詮氖碌恼?、教育、文化、學(xué)術(shù)、文學(xué)等領(lǐng)域都卓然成家，且都在舊體詩(shī)詞寫作方面取得了顯著成就。這些我國(guó)現(xiàn)代著名的革命家、思想家、教育家、文學(xué)家，被稱為“大家”均當(dāng)之無(wú)愧。

我問(wèn)丁茂遠(yuǎn)教授：“你為什么要寫這本書呢？”

“我寫《浙江現(xiàn)代十大家詩(shī)詞賞析》一書，是因?yàn)檎憬仂`人杰，文人輩出，歷來(lái)是文學(xué)大省。自東漢以降，載入史冊(cè)的文學(xué)家超過(guò)千人。特別是五四以來(lái)，涌現(xiàn)出如魯迅、茅盾、郁達(dá)夫等一大批著名文學(xué)家，無(wú)論小說(shuō)、散文還是戲劇，都涌現(xiàn)大量?jī)?yōu)秀的作品，同樣，舊體詩(shī)詞創(chuàng)作也不例外。在新中國(guó)成立初期出現(xiàn)的第一本詩(shī)詞合集《魯迅郭沫若劉大白郁達(dá)夫四大家詩(shī)詞鈔》，四位大家中浙江就有三席，由此可見一斑。所以，集中介紹浙江現(xiàn)代十大家的詩(shī)詞，就是為了展示這些文化名人詩(shī)詞創(chuàng)作的成就，以引起讀者閱讀與鑒賞的興趣，既有助于讀者了解浙江現(xiàn)代詩(shī)詞的整體風(fēng)貌，也為文化浙江建設(shè)盡點(diǎn)綿薄之力?！?/p>

浙江現(xiàn)代文學(xué)家和文化名人中有如此眾多才華橫溢的詩(shī)人詞家，他們所作舊體詩(shī)詞佳篇為群星燦爛的中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)增添了繽紛異彩。書中分別收入這十位大家各自三十篇詩(shī)詞，全書達(dá)40多萬(wàn)字。

為方便讀者了解這十位大家的詩(shī)詞，對(duì)于他們每人都寫有一篇總論，以介紹他們主要的生平經(jīng)歷、詩(shī)詞創(chuàng)作與藝術(shù)成就；對(duì)于每位名家入選的三十篇詩(shī)詞，每篇之后各有一篇簡(jiǎn)明扼要的賞析文章，主要介紹寫作緣起、詩(shī)詞內(nèi)容與藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)。

那么該書有什么寫作特色呢？我認(rèn)為主要有三點(diǎn)：一是集中選取浙江十位大家詩(shī)詞欣賞分析，尚屬首見。二是兼顧藝術(shù)性與可讀性。書中入選的均系名家詩(shī)詞，因此具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)與史料價(jià)值。對(duì)于名家詩(shī)詞總體介紹與每篇具體分析相結(jié)合，力求深入淺出，能讓讀者看懂，進(jìn)而提高閱讀能力與審美情趣。三是其中幾位名家，如蔡元培、馬一浮、章太炎的詩(shī)詞，雖已較為集中或分散收入全集，但至今尚無(wú)選本。沈尹默、俞平伯、夏承燾雖有單行本詩(shī)詞集，卻少見具體賞析文章。此書在開拓與創(chuàng)新方面作了可貴的探索與努力。

穿梭于奔流不息、從未斷流的中國(guó)文化之河，給讀者做一次現(xiàn)代詩(shī)詞的“導(dǎo)游”。深刻的文化脈絡(luò)在書中清晰呈現(xiàn)。從學(xué)者的角度，以現(xiàn)代的審美、簡(jiǎn)練的表達(dá)，向人們介紹中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。當(dāng)讀者打開扉頁(yè)，走進(jìn)燦爛浙江現(xiàn)代詩(shī)詞世界，此中的體驗(yàn)是如此的驚喜！

“十大家中有三家詩(shī)詞特別難于解讀，比如蔡元培，此前既無(wú)選本，也無(wú)人介紹，需從其全集十八卷中查找搜尋，然后加以注析；典故與史實(shí)的大量運(yùn)用，使章太炎詩(shī)詞古奧晦澀，難讀難解；馬一浮作為學(xué)者型詩(shī)人，經(jīng)史、辭賦、詩(shī)文無(wú)不精深，佛經(jīng)、典藏也往往點(diǎn)化在詩(shī)詞中。這些都是此書解讀、寫作的難點(diǎn)?！倍∶h(yuǎn)教授如是向我介紹。

現(xiàn)代舊體詩(shī)詞作為一種傳統(tǒng)的、特殊的文學(xué)樣式，是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上別樣的精彩篇章，但舊體詩(shī)詞多凝練含蓄，解讀不易。正如浙江大學(xué)人文學(xué)院博士生導(dǎo)師陸堅(jiān)教授為此書撰寫的序言所說(shuō)：此書“不囿成說(shuō)，不避其難，獨(dú)有感悟，獨(dú)辟蹊徑……全書對(duì)入選作家及其詩(shī)作都有精要評(píng)介，對(duì)入選每一作品中的成語(yǔ)典故、疑難詞語(yǔ)等又作隨文疏解，這是坐著冷板凳干的勞心費(fèi)時(shí)的苦活。編撰者還統(tǒng)攝全篇作鑒賞性的分析，這更有助于喚起讀者興趣，引導(dǎo)理解深入，給人以某種似曾相識(shí)卻又脫離舊蹤的醒目之感?！薄把院?jiǎn)意賅的鑒賞短文，自出機(jī)杼，自有識(shí)見，使人心會(huì)意得，啟發(fā)多多。”

丁茂遠(yuǎn)教授在老杭大中文系擔(dān)任了多年的現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)教研室主任，退休后著書立說(shuō)近10部。最近這5年，他連續(xù)出版了《中國(guó)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代著名人士對(duì)聯(lián)賞析辭典》《郭沫若全集·集外散佚詩(shī)詞考釋》《浙江現(xiàn)代十大家詩(shī)詞賞析》3本專著，合計(jì)約300萬(wàn)字。

板凳要坐十年冷，文章不寫半句空。這是一種多么寶貴的筆尖上的工匠精神啊！每寫一本書都需要大量的資料積累，成千的材料卡片需要進(jìn)行分類整理。就此一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作，工作量就極其浩大。但是，丁教授樂(lè)此不疲，笑言：“七老八十?！币馑际堑搅?0歲，人生有了新高度；80歲，有了新的豐收?！袄夏耆送诵萘艘残枰行┳非?，做點(diǎn)自己喜歡的事情。我是現(xiàn)當(dāng)代的專業(yè)，古詩(shī)詞的‘愛(ài)好。”專業(yè)與興趣的結(jié)合讓他找到了退休后的治學(xué)方向。

丁茂遠(yuǎn)教授如今年逾80歲，依舊腰板筆挺，走起路來(lái)步履輕快。目前，丁教授又著手《古今西湖詩(shī)詞鑒賞》等著作的撰寫出版工作。老先生說(shuō)：“我的愛(ài)好不過(guò)是一杯酒、一本書?！崩嫌兴鶠椋嫌兴鶚?lè)，這真是一派詩(shī)酒年華、文化養(yǎng)老的好景象！

Professor Anthologizes Poetry of Zhejiang Literary Masters

By Zhang Ke

by Professor Ding Maoyuan of Liberal Arts College of Zhejiang University has been published by China Social Sciences Press. The book focuses upon the poems by Cai Yuanpei， Zhang Taiyan， Liu Dabai， Lu Xun， Ma Yifu， Shen Yimo， Yu Dafu， Mao Dun， Yu Pingbo， and Xia Chengtao， all 20th-century masters of national renown for their brilliant intellectual contributions to politics， education， culture， academic studies， and literature.endprint

Professor Ding had long wanted to put together such an anthology of poetry for a long time. He explained： “Zhejiang has long been a powerhouse of literature. Since the Eastern Han， over 1，000 natives of Zhejiang have been mentioned in history for their literary talents and achievements. In particular， a large galaxy of literary masters emerged out of the May 4 Movement in the late 1910s， including Lu Xun， Mao Dun and Yu Dafu. Though versed in the traditional Chinese classics as they were all born and primarily educated in the Qing Dynasty， they broke new grounds in literature and other fields as the imperial feudal system eventually collapsed and China struggled to modernize itself and moved toward a better future. In addition， the poems they wrote in the traditional format are pretty good. Shortly after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949， an anthology of poems by Lu Xun， Guo Moruo， Liu Dabai and Yu Dafu was published to recognize their literary achievement in the old-style poems. Three of the four were of Zhejiang origin. An anthology of poems by ten literary masters of Zhejiang origin is an opportunity for readers to read these poems and appreciate Zhejiang as a literary powerhouse.”

For each of the ten， the professor picked 30 poems， wrote an introduction on the individuals life， poetry and literary merits. For each of the 30 poems， he wrote a short appreciation， providing background information and analyzing what the poem says and why it is worth reading.

The professor took extra efforts to provide analysis and annotation on the poems of Cai Yuanpei， Zhang Taiyan and Ma Yifu. No publisher in China had ever published a selection of Cai Yuanpeis poems. Ding selected the quota from the 18-volume . Zhang Taiyan， a scholar of Chinese classics， liberally used literary allusions， historical facts， and anecdotes in his poems. They are difficult to read and analyze. It took the professor quite a long time and energy to process Zhangs poems. A scholar of Confucianism， Ma Yifu wrote poems that not only reflect his profound understanding of history， literature， and classics but also mirror his understanding of Buddhist sutras and the concepts from his private collection of books.

is special for a reason： never has such an anthology of poems in the traditional format by modern literary masters of Zhejiang origin been published before. Most modern Chinese dont know how to compose poems in the traditional format， though there are millions who read ancient poems avidly. Schools teach neither complex rules nor essential techniques. Moreover， vigorous training in classics and poem writing basics is no longer accessible easily. These ten literary masters， born in the Qing Dynasty and highly trained in the traditional Chinese education in their formative years， represented the last batch of poets who wrote such poems masterfully and with ease.

Ding Maoyuan， born in 1937， served as director of modern literature institute at Hangzhou University， which merged with Zhejiang University in 1998. Specialized in modern literature in general and poems by modern writers in particular， Ding has produced about ten books on poems by various masters. is his latest work. He still works in the old-school style： writing with a pen， doing research and organizing thousands of cards on poems and poets into a system before he seriously gets down to writing a book.endprint