劉冬梅
高考英語語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識的綜合運用能力,按題型設(shè)計分有提示詞和無提示詞兩大類,根據(jù)教學(xué)中的經(jīng)驗,我對答題技巧進(jìn)行具體的分析:
一、無提示詞試題的解題技巧
無提示詞,這時純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞(從屬連詞或并列連詞and, but, or, so)等虛詞。此時要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后,根據(jù)句子意思,確定具體填什么詞;或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞??偨Y(jié)起來主要有以下7個技巧:
1:在簡單句和并列句中,若句子缺主語或賓語,一定是填代詞。
I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and 1 gets there almost in a second. ( it )
2:名詞前面,若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等),很可能是填限定詞。
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help 2 rice crop grow up quickly. (the)
3:名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時,其前面,一定是填介詞。
…
who should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. (as)
4: 若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,此時很可能是填連詞。
Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, whose works are worth millions of dollars. (and)
5:若兩個句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填并列連詞(連接并列的句子)或從屬連詞(如連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等)。
The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini 5 died in 1926. (who)
He was very tired after doing thus for a whole day, 6 he felt very happy. (but)
6: 由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。
(1) 由it is … that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式,判斷it 還是that。判斷方法:去掉it is … that…結(jié)構(gòu),句子還是一個完整的句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(2) 由it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格是否填it.
…and 7 was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精). (it)
… as 8 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.. (it)
Dating sites also makes 9 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (it 做形式賓語)
(3) 在倒裝句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等詞。
10 with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (Only)
(4) so / such …that…句型
This made the goat so jealous 11 it began plotting against the donkey. (that)
(5) more …than…(與其說……不如說……,比……更……)句型。
Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 12 how much he pays. (than)
二、有提示詞的試題
動詞提示詞是高考語法填空必考的一類,所以給出了動詞的試題,首先判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按照以下兩點進(jìn)行思考。
1:若句子沒有別的謂語動詞,或者雖然已有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時,所給動詞就是謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you. (will give)
That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14 (close) my book and walked away. (closed)
In Loganm three people 15 (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.(were taken)
Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention. (results)endprint
Now, Valentines Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world. (celebrated)
2:若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是并列謂語,所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。那么非謂語動詞就要確定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,還是不定式,確定的方法有:
作主語或賓語,通常用v-ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體情況。
…but it is not enough only 18 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (to memorize)
19 (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…(To speak)
作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。
20 (complete) the project as planed, well have to work two more hours a day. (To complete)
(3)作伴隨狀語,通常用分詞,若與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing);若是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞(-ed)。
He saw the stone, 21 (say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”(saying)
The headmaster went into the lab, 22 (follow) by the foreign guests.(followed)
3: 動詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語、賓語和定語。
There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. (comfortable)
These people have made great 24 (contribute) to China with their work. (contributions)
三、其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧
這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞,根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用那種形式,具體技巧有以下三種。
1: 作表語(在系動詞之后)、定語(修飾名詞)或賓補(bǔ)(表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)),通常是形容詞形式。如下
The youngster immediately fell 25 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. (silent)
Teachers must try their best to make most of their students 26 (interest) in the subject.(interested)
2:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。
27 (fortune), the guest escaped unharmed. (Fortunately)
3:有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題,詞類或詞性不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un-, im-, in-等,在詞根后加-less等。
People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is 28 (use).(useless)
Your mistake caused a lot of 29 (necessary) work in the office. (unnecessary))
4:括號中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級。
The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… He jumped even 30 (hard) and nearly made himself out. (harder)
The 31 (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (worst)
5:括號內(nèi)如果所給出的詞是名詞,此時多考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況。
Here are some practical 32 (tip) for you.(tips)
以上僅對語法填空中的主要情況進(jìn)行了概括,在做語法填空題時,還應(yīng)注意英語中的固定句型、固定搭配等技巧, 在日常的英語學(xué)習(xí)中更要不斷加強(qiáng)語法知識的運用和思考。endprint