定語從句的主謂一致

甘雪梅

我們知道，在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞有三個作用：代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句；在從句中做句子成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)呢？

1. 因為關(guān)系代詞是代表先行詞的，所以當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

（1）The boys who are from America like China.

（2）The boy who is playing on the playground is Mrs Smiths son.

（3）The books which are very interesting belong to me.

（4）The road that leads to the shore is sandy.

2. 如先行詞是表示不同概念的兩個名詞時，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

The cabman and the cab that were easily found in London in the past can be seen no more now. （先行詞the cabman and the cab，表示“馬車夫和出租車”兩種不同的概念）

3. 在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句”中，先行詞是其中的“復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

（1）This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

（2）He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.

（3）Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world which have been known to all of us.

4.在“the only/ the very one of the +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句”中，先行詞是the only one， the very one，因此，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

（1）She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.

（2）He is the only one of the students who is elected.

（3）Tom is the only one of the students who comes on time every day.

[練一練]用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

1. He is one of the students who_________（be） able to answer the questions.

2. He is the only one of the students who_______（be） able to answer the questions.

3. He is the only one of the students who__________（have）been a winner of scholarship for three years.

4. My dads got a camera that __________（take） photos under water.

參考答案：1. are 2. is 3. has 4. takes

總之，定語從句的主謂一致取決于它的先行詞，先行詞是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但是需要注意“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句”中的謂語動詞的數(shù)。endprint