刊首語

從古老的桃花源到傳統(tǒng)園林，從霍華德田園城市到花園城市、園林城市，再到公園城市…….；從農(nóng)業(yè)文明到工業(yè)文明，再到生態(tài)文明，歷史發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了曲折漫長的過程，至今人們?nèi)詻]有放棄對人類理想人居環(huán)境的尋找。記得剛參加專業(yè)工作不久的1983年，我和另一位年輕的同事到合肥開展《城市綠地分類、定額和布局研究》的課題調(diào)研，當(dāng)時(shí)的吳翼副市長親自帶領(lǐng)我們實(shí)地考察了合肥的園林建設(shè)，一路講解讓我們受益匪淺，印象最深刻的是合肥城市發(fā)展的新構(gòu)想，他告訴我們合肥正在努力建設(shè) “園在城中，城在園中”的優(yōu)美舒適的園林化城市，讓城市居民感覺生活在公園之中。合肥在1979年創(chuàng)新性地編制了我國第一個(gè)城市綠地系統(tǒng)專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，以環(huán)城公園作為城市的綠色項(xiàng)鏈，以 “三翼狀城市格局”為骨架，從城市西南方向建設(shè)巢湖引風(fēng)林以降低城市氣溫，在西部城郊建設(shè)大蜀山和董鋪水庫綠地以保護(hù)城市環(huán)境…….，現(xiàn)在看來這就是最為樸素的 “公園城市”理念。1992年，合肥與深圳、北京被列為中國第一批國家園林城市，成為全國城市園林綠化建設(shè)的典型代表。

轉(zhuǎn)眼間30多年過去了，新時(shí)代的公園城市讓我們的城市進(jìn)入一個(gè)全新的發(fā)展時(shí)期，生態(tài)文明已經(jīng)成為國家戰(zhàn)略，尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、維護(hù)自然、保育生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正在成為當(dāng)前城市發(fā)展的重要前提。風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科以其特有的品質(zhì)和特性，正在從后臺走向前臺，成為保護(hù)城市生態(tài)、建設(shè)美麗城鄉(xiāng)、服務(wù)人民群眾美好生活的一支不可或缺的重要力量。

2018年2月，習(xí)近平總書記在成都視察時(shí)指出：天府新區(qū)是 “一帶一路”建設(shè)和長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)，一定要規(guī)劃好建設(shè)好，特別是要突出公園城市特點(diǎn)，把生態(tài)價(jià)值考慮進(jìn)去，努力打造新的增長極，建設(shè)內(nèi)陸開放經(jīng)濟(jì)高地。高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)公園城市，用世界眼光、國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把成都天府新區(qū)規(guī)劃好建設(shè)好，具有時(shí)代的緊迫感、責(zé)任感、使命感。

從本質(zhì)上講，公園城市的基本概念是以生態(tài)文明戰(zhàn)略、風(fēng)景園林理論以及社會公眾利益為先導(dǎo)構(gòu)建的城鄉(xiāng)自然生態(tài)格局安全、風(fēng)景園林游憩環(huán)境優(yōu)美、生活居住條件舒適宜居的園林化城市構(gòu)成形態(tài)與空間模式。公園城市是新時(shí)代引領(lǐng)城市建設(shè)發(fā)展的新目標(biāo)、美麗中國的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑、城市建設(shè)發(fā)展的治理體系和理想城鄉(xiāng)人居環(huán)境的營建體系,將推動城市發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型和良性發(fā)展。

建設(shè)公園城市不僅是一種理念，更是一項(xiàng)重要的實(shí)踐活動，需要我們建立以人民為中心的服務(wù)思路，將公園游憩作為滿足人民群眾美好生活需要的城市基本公共服務(wù)；與國土規(guī)劃、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、主體功能區(qū)和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)等規(guī)劃緊密結(jié)合，營建城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)安全格局和綠色生態(tài)空間體系；樹立城鄉(xiāng)一體、藍(lán)綠共榮的城市生態(tài)文明建設(shè)理念，將公園城市體系納入城市空間形態(tài)和 “三生空間”系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，樹立城鄉(xiāng)綠色生態(tài)空間統(tǒng)籌共識。

實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色生態(tài)空間規(guī)劃與統(tǒng)籌，首先須遵循山水林田湖是一個(gè)生命共同體的理念，識別出其市域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能重要、生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感的綠色生態(tài)空間要素及其空間分布狀況，劃定城市生態(tài)控制線，構(gòu)建生態(tài)綠地空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)，統(tǒng)籌構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)完整、城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)的綠色生態(tài)空間體系；加強(qiáng)綠色生態(tài)空間規(guī)劃管控，控制城市 “攤大餅”和城鎮(zhèn)群連綿發(fā)展現(xiàn)象。

“公園城市”是一次新的探索，建設(shè)公園城市需要進(jìn)行大量的理論和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新研究。理論創(chuàng)新是針對公園城市建設(shè)的相關(guān)生態(tài)文明、生態(tài)安全格局、城市綠色發(fā)展和公園城市等基礎(chǔ)性理論的創(chuàng)新；規(guī)劃創(chuàng)新是加強(qiáng)市域?qū)用婢G色生態(tài)空間統(tǒng)籌與管控，城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)控制線劃定規(guī)劃，市域綠地系統(tǒng)、風(fēng)景游憩體系規(guī)劃，公園特色村鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃等。在城區(qū)層面，創(chuàng)新城市綠地系統(tǒng)與城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃等協(xié)調(diào)編制的技術(shù)方法，加強(qiáng)城市生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)、城市公園體系、公園游憩和綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系、綠線、生態(tài)修復(fù)、城市藍(lán)色景觀空間、自然保護(hù)地協(xié)調(diào)保護(hù)等規(guī)劃的創(chuàng)新研究；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)創(chuàng)新是針對公園城市新要求，更新現(xiàn)有風(fēng)景園林和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)與公園城市相關(guān)的評價(jià)、建設(shè)、檢驗(yàn)等新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究與制定；管理創(chuàng)新是加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)綠色生態(tài)空間統(tǒng)籌與管控、城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)控制線和城市綠線劃定與管理、城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系與城綠空間管理，以及公園城市生態(tài)、公園游憩服務(wù)與城市景觀風(fēng)貌格局綜合管控等的創(chuàng)新。

公園城市理念為我們展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)美好的城市發(fā)展前景。在研究公園城市的同時(shí)，我們是否可以作一個(gè)假設(shè)？一個(gè)狹義的公園城市與其市域生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有機(jī)結(jié)合，可以形成一個(gè)涵蓋城市行政區(qū)的公園城市；一個(gè)省域多個(gè)城市行政區(qū)域的公園城市通過城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有機(jī)聯(lián)系，可以形成一個(gè)涵蓋省級行政區(qū)的 “公園省”；當(dāng)全國每個(gè)省級行政區(qū)都建成 “公園省”，并通過省域生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有機(jī)聯(lián)系時(shí)，豈不就是在全國實(shí)現(xiàn)大地園林化之時(shí)！

From the ancient Peach Blossom Spring to traditional gardens, from Howard's pastoral cities to garden cities, to park cities… from the agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization,and from the industrial civilization to the ecological civilization, the historical development has experienced a long and tortuous process. So far, people have not given up on the search for human settlements in human ideals. I remember that in 1983, just after taking part in professional work, another young colleague and I went to Hefei to conduct the investigation and survey on the research on classification, quota and layout of urban green space. At that time, Vice Mayor Wu Yi personally led us to inspect the garden construction of the city, and we benefited a lot from it.The most impressive was the new concept of Hefei urban development. He told us that Hefei was working hard to build a beautiful and comfortable garden with "garden in the city" and "city in the garden", making urban residents feel like living in a park. In 1979, Hefei innovated and compiled the first special plan for urban green space system in China, taking the city park as the green necklace of the city, the "three-winged urban pattern" as the framework, constructing the Chaohu Lake wind forest in the southwest of the city to reduce urban temperature, building Dashu Mountain and Dongpu Reservoir green space in the western suburbs to protect the urban environment…which seems that this was the most simple "park city" concept. In 1992, Hefei, Shenzhen and Beijing were listed as the first batch of national garden cities in China, and became the typical representative of urban gardening and greening construction in China.

In the twinkling of an eye, more than 30 years have passed. The park city of the new era has brought our city into a new period of development. Ecological civilization has become a national strategy. Respecting nature, adapting to nature, maintaining nature, and conserving ecosystem are becoming important prerequisites for current urban development. With its unique quality and characteristics, the landscape architecture discipline is moving from the background to the stage,becoming an indispensable and important force to protect the city's ecology, build beautiful urban and rural areas, and serve the people's beautiful life.

Before the Spring Festival this year, President Xi Jinping pointed out during the inspection in Chengdu that Tianfu New District is an important node for the construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is necessary to plan well and build well, especially to highlight the characteristics of the park city and take the ecological value into consideration, striving to create new growth poles and build an inland open economy highland.Building a park city with high standards, and using the world's vision and international standards to plan and build Tianfu New District in Chengdu, is with a sense of urgency, responsibility and mission.

Essentially, the basic concept of the park city is based on the ecological civilization strategy,the landscape architecture theory and the public interest, constructing the form and space pattern of garden city with the safe urban and rural natural ecological pattern, the beautiful landscape and garden environment, and the comfortable and livable living conditions. The park city is the new goal of the new era leading the urban construction and development, the realization approach of Beautiful China, the governance system of urban construction development and the ideal urban and rural living environment construction system, promoting urban development transformation and sound development.

Building a park city is not only a concept, but also an important construction practice.It requires us to establish a people-centered service idea and use park recreation as the basic public service of the city to meet the needs of the people's better life; urban and rural planning,main functional areas and ecological environmental protection are closely integrated to build urban and rural ecological security patterns and green ecological space systems; the urban-rural integration, and blue-green co-prosperous urban ecological civilization construction concepts should be established; park urban systems should be integrated into urban spatial patterns and the construction of the "ecology, living and production" system; and the consensus on urban and rural green ecological space coordination should be reached.

To realize the planning and coordination of green ecological space, we must first identify the green ecological spatial elements and their spatial distribution, which are important to the urban ecosystem service function and ecological environment, according to the concept of the life community of mountains, forests, rivers, and lakes, delineate the urban ecological control line,build an ecological green space network, coordinate and build a green ecological space system with complete system and urban and rural coordination. We should strengthen the planning and management and control of green ecological space, and control the development of urban sprawl and the continuous town clusters.

"Park City" is a new exploration. Building a park city requires a lot of theoretical innovation and practical innovation research. Theoretical innovation is aimed at the innovation of basic theories such as ecological civilization, ecological security pattern, urban green development and park city in the construction of park cities; planning innovation is to strengthen the planning and control of green ecological space at the municipal level, and the planning of urban and rural ecological control lines, including urban green space system, landscape recreation system planning, characteristic park town system planning. At the urban level, we should be innovative on urban green space system and urban and rural planning and other coordinated technical methods to strengthen urban ecological protection and construction of urban park system, park recreation and greenway, green line, ecological restoration, urban blue landscape space, and coordinated protection of nature reserves; standard innovation is aimed at the new requirements of park cities,updating existing standard systems such as landscape architecture and urban and rural planning,focusing on strengthening park city research and formulation of new standards related to urban evaluation, construction and inspection; management innovation is to strengthen urban and rural green ecological space planning and control, urban and rural ecological control lines and urban green line delineation and management, urban ecological network system and urban green space management, and the integrated control of urban city ecology, park recreation service and urban landscape pattern.

The concept of park city shows us a wonderful prospect for urban development. Can we make a hypothesis while studying the park city? A narrowly defined park city and its urban ecological network system can form a park city covering the urban administrative area; the park cities with multiple provincial administrative areas can be organically connected through the urban and rural ecological network system, and can form a provincial administrative area, the "park province"; when the "park provinces" are established in every provincial-level administrative region of China, and through the organic connection of the provincial ecological network system, this is exactly the time to realize the all land gardening in the country!