形容詞和副詞在高考中的熱點(diǎn)與冷點(diǎn)

廣東

（作者單位：廣東省中山市第一中學(xué)）

形容詞和副詞是歷年高考語法和詞匯知識(shí)的考查重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。在完形填空、語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)等題型中，形容詞和副詞是必考項(xiàng)目。做題時(shí)，要聯(lián)系語境，做到“詞不離句、句不離文”。下面結(jié)合典型考題，對(duì)形容詞和副詞的冷、熱考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)。

一、高考熱點(diǎn)

熱點(diǎn)1.形容詞和副詞的用法

形容詞在句中一般作定語、表語和補(bǔ)足語等。副詞主要作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、分詞、形容詞或另一副詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子，常位于句首。

（2014湖北卷寫作）Luckily, she was not badlyinjuredand we sent her to thenearesthospital.幸運(yùn)的是，她沒有嚴(yán)重受傷，我們送她去了最近的醫(yī)院。

即時(shí)練習(xí)1：

①（2017全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ______ （fair）unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

②（2016全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_______（regular）.

③（2016全國Ⅲ卷短文改錯(cuò)）At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

④（2015全國Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

⑤（2017全國Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

⑥（2014全國Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

⑦（2017全國Ⅲ卷短文改錯(cuò)）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.

熱點(diǎn)2.形容詞變副詞

⑴一般情況下，直接加-ly。如，quick→quickly。

⑵以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的，改y為i再加ly。如，happy→happily。

⑶以-le結(jié)尾的，改e為y。如，possible→possibly,但whole→wholly，full→fully是例外。

⑷以元音字母+e結(jié)尾的,去e再加ly。如，true→truly。以輔音字母+e結(jié)尾的,直接加ly。如，safe→safely。

⑸以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞直接加ly。如，excited→excitedly , surprising→surprisingly。

即時(shí)練習(xí)2：

①（2016全國Ⅰ卷語法填空）From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be______ （official）given to me at a ceremony in London.

②（2013廣東卷語法填空）“But such a small thing couldn’t ________ （possible）destroy a village.”

③（語法填空）Unfortunately he fell into a hole; getting out of the hole, he was wet and dirty.He went _________（hurry） to the house of the rich man.

④（語法填空）My heart almost stopped beating______（whole）.

⑤（2014廣東卷語法填空） She was________（surprise）helpful.

⑥（2015全國Ⅱ卷短文改錯(cuò)）Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

⑦（2015浙江卷短文改錯(cuò)）On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.

熱點(diǎn)3.-ed形容詞和-ing 形容詞的區(qū)分

有些表心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞的含義是“使某人……”。這種詞構(gòu)成的-ed形式的形容詞意為“感到……的”；-ing形式的形容詞意為“令人……的”。例如：surprised 感到吃驚的——surprising令人吃驚的

satisfied感到滿意的——satisfying令人滿意的

interested 感到有興趣的——interesting令人感興趣的

disappointed感到失望的——disappointing令人失望的

pleased 感到高興的——pleasing令人高興的

tired 感到疲倦的——tiring 令人疲倦的

worried 感到憂慮的——worrying令人憂慮的

即時(shí)練習(xí)3：

①（2014全國Ⅰ卷語法填空） While there are________（amaze） stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.

②（2014全國Ⅱ卷語法填空） There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and________（disappoint）.

③（語法填空）For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ______ （please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

④（2017全國Ⅱ卷短文改錯(cuò)）In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.

⑤（2013浙江卷短文改錯(cuò)）I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall asleep.

⑥（2016四川卷短文改錯(cuò)）At dinner, we said to her,“Happy Mother’s Day!”Mom was grateful and moving.

⑦Though I was a little bit nervous at the beginning, later on _____________ （我感覺放松了）and the performance was a great success.

⑧From this experience,__________（我相信）that genuine knowledge comes from real practice.

熱點(diǎn)4.同根副詞

有些副詞有兩種形式，一種是和形容詞同形，另一種是加-ly構(gòu)成。例如，

hard努力地——hardly幾乎不

close接近/靠近——closely仔細(xì)地/密切地

late 遲/晚——lately最近——later以后/后來——latest最新的/最近的

deep 深地（具體深度）——deeply深深地（抽象深度）

high高地（具體高度）——highly高度地（抽象程度）

wide寬地——widely廣泛地

most非常/最——mostly主要地/大多數(shù)

（2013四川卷寫作）Therefore, in order to establish a good learning habit, we should review the course we have learned regularly and tryhardto recite something important.因此，為了養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)內(nèi)容，努力背誦重要的東西。

I felt lonely because Ihardlyknew any people.我感覺很孤獨(dú)因?yàn)槲規(guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識(shí)人。

（2014遼寧卷滿分作文）Your work must becloselyrelated to campus life.你的作品必須與校園生活有密切聯(lián)系。

Deeplymoved by her efforts, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.被她的努力深深地感動(dòng)了，我們竭盡全力，贏得了比賽的一等獎(jiǎng)。

Learning English depends on readingwidelyand largely.學(xué)英語取決于大量地廣泛地閱讀。

即時(shí)練習(xí)4：

①（語法填空）I left it early because I had an appointment_______ （late） that day.

②（2017全國Ⅲ卷短文改錯(cuò)）I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.

③（2017全國Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.

④（2013四川卷短文改錯(cuò)）I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.

⑤（短文改錯(cuò)）The airport bus leaves every 30 minutes and will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel.

⑥（短文改錯(cuò)）For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning.

⑦（2014遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò)）That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.

⑧（2013福建卷滿分作文）Many of them___________（幾乎不能照顧自己）, still less manage their own life.

⑨Others think private tutoring takes up so much of their free time that they can____________________________________（幾乎找不到足夠的時(shí)間休息和娛樂）.

熱點(diǎn)5.形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)和比較級(jí)用法

⑴表示相等：① as +adj./adv.原級(jí)+as；②as＋adj.原級(jí)＋名詞＋as

My suggestion is to tell them we want them to trust usas much aswe’d like to trust them.我的建議是告訴他們，我們想要他們信任我們就像我們信任他們一樣。

Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to liveas rich and full a life asyou do.要接受他們，給他們以鼓勵(lì)，讓他們能像你一樣過豐富多彩和充實(shí)美滿的生活。

注意：as...as possible=as...as one can意為“盡可能……”

I will try to write to youas often as possibleabout the Chinese culture.我會(huì)盡可能多地給你寫信，談?wù)勚袊幕?/p>

⑵表示不如：not as/so +adj./adv.原級(jí)+as

Many people, especially those who think they arenot as talented asothers, tend to give up in their undertakings and thus complain about life.許多人，尤其是那些認(rèn)為不如別人有才的人，往往會(huì)放棄自己的事業(yè)，抱怨生活。

⑶表示超過：比較級(jí)+than

（2013福建卷滿分作文）As far as I’m concerned,parents’ limitless protection will domore harm thangood to children’s future development.我認(rèn)為，父母無限制的保護(hù)對(duì)孩子未來的發(fā)展弊大于利。

即時(shí)練習(xí)5：

①（2014全國Ⅰ卷語法填空） Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________（clean）than ever.

②（2014福建卷語法填空） We must keep reminding ourselves that it is easier to get into something ______it is to get out of it.

③（語法填空）I wanted to see _____much of the city as possible in the two days before I was to return to Guangzhou.

④（2016全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）So, get an early start and try to be as productive_______ possible before lunch.

⑤（短文改錯(cuò)）Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.

⑥（短文改錯(cuò)）Second, I will learn more about the history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games.

⑦（2014大綱卷短文改錯(cuò)）And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.

⑧（2013上海卷寫作）In my opinion, it is ________________in Shanghai Museum______ in community libraries.我認(rèn)為，在上海博物館舉辦藝術(shù)展比在社區(qū)圖書館更明智。

熱點(diǎn)6.形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)的用法

⑴“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍（of/in/among介詞短語或定語從句）”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Of/Among all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who impresses memost.在我所有的老師中，Moore先生令我印象最深刻。

Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of/among which teamwork isthe most importantfor me.多年的學(xué)校生活教會(huì)我很多東西，其中合作對(duì)我來說是最重要的。

⑵“one of the+最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+比較范圍”表示“……中最……之一”。

Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded asone of the most inspiring figures in the world.直到今天，林肯被認(rèn)為是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。

⑶“特殊疑問詞+...+the+最高級(jí)，甲，乙or丙？”用于三者比較。

Which country isthe largest, China, Brazil or Canada?哪個(gè)國家最大，中國、巴西還是加拿大？

⑷“否定詞+比較級(jí)”或“否定詞+such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)。

（2015湖南卷寫作）As a student, I can tell you that there isnothing better thanbeing praised by my teacher before my classmates.作為學(xué)生，沒有什么比被老師在同學(xué)們面前表揚(yáng)更好的事情了。

即時(shí)練習(xí)6：

①（2017全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）The Central London Railway was one of the most __________（success）of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

②（語法填空） The teacher replied, “You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be ________（sweet）.”

③（語法填空）Thomas asked Inger to marry him and he gave her the_____（nice） gold ring he could afford to buy.

④（2015陜西卷短文改錯(cuò)）My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.

⑤These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen and I’m the happiest of all!

⑥（2010湖北卷寫作）_____________________________________.沒有比微笑更有吸引力的身體語言了。

二、高考冷點(diǎn)

冷點(diǎn)1.比較級(jí)的兩個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)

⑴“the more..., the more...”表示“越……越……”。

The harderyou work,the betterresult you will get.

= If you work harder, you will get the better result.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績就會(huì)越好。

⑵more than的用法

①“more than＋名詞”表示“不僅僅是”。

Being a volunteer teacher is obviouslymore thanjustteaching.Furthermore, it is helpful to have a better understanding of the society.很顯然，志愿者老師不僅僅只是教學(xué)。此外，這份工作還有助于更好地了解社會(huì)。

②“more than＋形容詞”表示“很，非?！?。

I ammore than delightedto invite you to join us to celebrate the Spring Festival—Chinese Lunar New Year so that I can repay your friendship.我很高興地邀請(qǐng)你和我們一起慶祝春節(jié)，即中國的農(nóng)歷新年，以便我能報(bào)答你的友誼。

即時(shí)練習(xí)7：

①（短文改錯(cuò)）If you’d like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.

②（2015四川卷寫作）I’m Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am ___________________________________ with your Mandarin.我是李夏，我從你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通話水平。我非常樂意幫助你學(xué)習(xí)普通話。

③If there is anything I can do for you, I would be______________________.如果我能為你做些什么事，我十分樂意幫忙。

冷點(diǎn)2.四個(gè)表達(dá)倍數(shù)的句型

⑴原級(jí)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)+ as...as...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times as big asour school.我們也參觀了新建的體育場，它比我們學(xué)校大十倍。

⑵比較級(jí)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isnine times bigger thanour school.

⑶名詞表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)+the+名詞（size/height/length/width...）+of ...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times the size ofour school.

⑷what從句表達(dá)法

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times whatour school is.

即時(shí)練習(xí)8：翻譯句子。

①（2015全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B）In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.

②But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known.

③Their study found that theobromine（可可堿）, found in cocoa（可可粉）, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

三、即時(shí)練習(xí)參考答案

即時(shí)練習(xí)1

①fairly②regularly③freely→free④seriously→serious⑤suddenly→sudden⑥wonderfully→wonderful⑦difference→different

即時(shí)練習(xí)2

①officially②possibly③hurriedly④wholly⑤surprisingly⑥terrible→terribly⑦easy→easily

即時(shí)練習(xí)3

①amazing②disappointed③pleased④interesting→interested⑤tiring→tired⑥moving→moved⑦I felt relaxed ⑧I am convinced

即時(shí)練習(xí)4

①later②late→latest③late→later④hardly→hard⑤rightly→right⑥loudly→loud⑦closely→close⑧can hardly look after themselves⑨hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment

即時(shí)練習(xí)5

①cleaner ②than③as④as⑤rich→richer⑥good→well⑦that→as⑧more advisable to hold the art exhibition；than

即時(shí)練習(xí)6

①successful②sweeter③nicest④better→best⑤happier→happiest⑥No body language can be more attractive/fascinating than smiling.

即時(shí)練習(xí)7

①better→more

②more than willing to help you

③more than glad to help

即時(shí)練習(xí)8

①一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在藍(lán)色的房間里比在黃色或者紅色的房間里吃飯時(shí)少攝入33%的食物。

②但是關(guān)于這種菠蘿新品種最重要的一點(diǎn)是，它比我們過去所熟悉的品質(zhì)一般的菠蘿甜兩倍。

③他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可可粉中的可可堿止咳的有效性比目前被認(rèn)為最好的止咳藥物可待因的效果還要強(qiáng)三分之一。