Abstracts and Key Words

● Safeguarding Human Dignity: Thinking About Artificial Intelligence Technology LIN Dehong

Abstract: We should actively develop artificial intelligence technology, but in order to safeguard human dignity, we must not allow robots to function more than people, We should not take robots as human beings,let alone let robots rule mankind. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the speed, scale, level and man-machine relationship in the development of the artificial intelligence technology. One should pay attention to the guiding view about artificial intelligence technology. It is wrong to believe that artificial intelligence technology is omnipotent, natural and reasonable, independent and supreme.

Key words: intelligent robot; humankind; constraint; views about artificial intelligence technology

● Collective Intelligence: The Basic Form of Human Cooperative and Sharing Intelligence under the Condition of Intellectualized Society ZHANG Yi

Abstract: How does intellectualized society affect the development of human intelligence? Perhaps this is a question that different people have different views. Ray Kurzweil believes that in the future machine intelligence can surpass biological intelligence because of the development of chip technology. However, the development of human intelligence is not simply explained from the development of individual intelligence, but should be explained from the level of intelligent development of the class. Since the internet came into being, the individual intelligence of human beings can be connected in a virtual way, thus possessing the intelligence of the class with more social attributes, which is collective intelligence. Collective intelligence, which can solve problems and create collectively on a specific network platform, has its own unique intelligence factor. When the cognitive mode of collective intelligence shifts to the social division of labor in cyber space, people can cooperate and share the intelligence of others due to the existence of the hyper-specialized division of labor. Therefore, under the condition of intelligent society, collective intelligence is the basic form of human cooperative and sharing intelligence.

Key words: collective intelligence; intelligence factor; collective problem-solving; collective creation;cooperative intelligence; sharing intelligence

● Philosophy of Complex Systems and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine ZHU Jing

Abstract: Big data and machine learning are driving the development of precision medicine. Like all complex systems, the human body is capable of exhibiting the properties, such as openness, non-linear interactions, hierarchy, irreversibility, path-dependence and initial-conditions sensitivity. This paper discusses the methodological and epistemological questions of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIME) from the perspective of complex system. Big data and machine-learning algorithms can improve the accuracy of prediction and individualized diagnosis, and find the missing value by capturing complex, non-linear relationships in the high-volume and great variant data. However, the complex and dynamic characters of health and disease make AIME difficult to precisely predict the state and distant future. The dynamic perception of the human body implies individualized and context sensitive treatment strategies, so the prediction model and AIME may not translate into better clinical care without the data of the process of disease and the judgment of physicians, who have essential embodied knowledge and skills in clinical practice.

Key words: complex systems; artificial intelligence in medicine; biomedicine; big data; machine learning

● From the Subject’s Gongfu to the Sate of “As if Being there”: The Path of Interpretations Concerning Chinese Philosophy of Ni Peimin DING Weixiang

Abstract: Ni Peimin started his academic research with Western philosophy. However, after studying abroad and teaching in the United States (Grand Valley State University), he has walked out a way toward the Chinese tradition. According to Ni’s exploration experience, since the 1990’s, Ni has turned to Eastern and Western comparative philosophies, and opened up the “Kung Fu Theory” field outside the traditional Western philosophical framework, that is, from the traditional so-called “Kung Fu Theory” . Since the beginning of the new century, Ni has also initiated an article “Introducing Kung Fu into Philosophy” and actively participated in and commented on the “l(fā)egitimacy” of Chinese academics on Chinese philosophy. He believed that Chinese philosophy should not only affirm its “l(fā)egitimateness” but also should start from “l(fā)egitimate” discussions to selfconsciousness in the meaning of “l(fā)egislators”; and his book in English Confucius: Human Into the Tao (2010). It can naturally be regarded as Ni’s speech and interpretation of Confucius’ thoughts in both Chinese and Western languages. As for his most recent issue of “The Pattern of Confucian Spiritual Humanism: Ruismism” (2016)and “Yang Ming’s Gongfu Ethics of Xin Study and the Reconstruciton of Values” published in Kong Xuetang.The two articles in Rebuilding (No.1, 2017) undoubtedly represent Ni’s new interpretation of the Confucian humanistic spirit under the new historical conditions. This direction of Mr. Ni Peimin not only has a certain reference value for the “Liuyang” people, but also worthy of being studied by local scholars.

Key words: subject’s gongfu; as if beging there; subject; state; path of interpretations

● Reflection upon Words in the Philosophy of the Wei-Jin Period: Taking Wang Bi and Seng-Chao as Examples BAO Lei

Abstract: The passage is about the difference between Taoist philosophy and Buddhist philosophy in the Wei-Jin Period through Wang Bi and Seng-Chao, both of them recognize the limitations of the language, and use the language consciously. Due to the fact that Wang Bi and Seng-Chao are in the same period, they need to solve similar problems, there are three aspects of similarities and differences about this topic. First of all, they use the language consciously based on the commentary and ineffability. Secondly, there are similarities and differences between “name and actual” and “name and reason”. Lastly, there is a discussion about how truth passes through language, image, and meaning, or how truth passes through language, name, and sign.

Key words: Wang Bi; Seng-Chao; ming (name) and shi (reality); yan (Language); xiang (image) and yi(meaning)

● Freedom and Finitude: An Interpretation of Heidegger’s The Essence of Human Freedom CAI Wenjing

Abstract: By “destructing” the Kantian doctrine of freedom, Heidegger brings forth the concept of original freedom as human essence in his lecture course The Essence of Human Freedom from 1930. He generalizes and sharpens the Kantian notion of practical freedom and characterizes human freedom as self-binding, i.e. entering the space of norms and letting things be in their various modes. Heidegger thereby formulates the “great” finite form of human existence and seeks for human being his proper place in between an imperfect creature and an absolute subject.

Key words: Heidegger; freedom; finitude; Kant; self-binding

● An Interpretation of Kant’s “A Republic of Devils” WANG Zhijian

Abstract: It’s a consensus among contemporary western political theories that for a liberal democracy to avoid decay, it requires not only some necessary institutional apparatuses, including the separation of powers and a bicameral legislature, but also civic virtue and public-spiritedness. However, Kant argues before more than two centuries ago that the birth of a just state doesn’t presuppose civic virtue; he even claims that a people of devils can establish a republic. Kant’s sensational claim is only the tip of the iceberg, supported by Kant’s insights on historical philosophy, ethics and political philosophy. Only if those hidden insights are revealed, Kant’s claim that a people of devils can establish a republic can get rid of its appearance of abruptness.

Key words: Kant; nation of devils; republic; civic virtue; historical teleology

● The Emergence of Self Terrence W. Deacon, James W. Haag and Jay Ogilvy

Abstract: This article focuses on the possibility of explaining the existence of selves. Selves are ultimately defined by their teleological properties. Selves are associated with life, and the self experienced by creatures with complex brains is in many ways emergent from the self of organism existence. We may gain a useful perspective on this problem, by stepping back from issues of subjectivity to consider the reasons we describe organisms as maintaining, protecting, and reproducing themselves. We believe that there is a scientific account that can explain how teleological processes in nature emerge from non-teleological antecedents, which depends on a type of formal causality that mediates the emergence of final causality from efficient causality. Then, what could constitute the autonomy of this process? According to Kant, we argue that a doubly reflexive form-generating dynamics constitutes the key process of natural end, in other words, a self is organized in a doubly reflexive way,or it has reflexively organized reflexivity, and recursive recursivity of causality. However, It has not provided an account of that most distinctive human attribute of self: its subjective experiential component. The evolutionary appearance of organisms with brains was a special jump in levels, and ushered in an entirely novel emergent realm of self dynamics. This is an important model to also keep in mind in our effort to explain subjective self.The supra-individual symbolic tools made available to human brains adds yet a further reflexive loop with respect to which teleological relationships can emerge, and higher forms of agency can be generated.

Key words: self; emergence; teleology; teflexive dynamics

● See Through Boredom: Analysis on the Forming and Revision of Belief by Existentialism SUN Danyang, LI Xia

Abstract: Existentialism is a philosophical thought that explores the state of individual existence and its causes. The alienation of the state of individual existence is the deep reason of irrational beliefs and mental disorder. Belief system revision is a feasible way to solve the serious social problem of high percentage of mental disorder. The existential state of the individual is influenced by the situation of the times, and it is the main material of the individual belief system. Therefore, analysis of the existential state of the individual is a necessary work for the revision of belief. Based on the analysis of the phenomenon of boredom, this paper reveals that the close relationship between the times and individual. Moreover, the molding mechanism about the existential state toward the belief system has been obtained. Additionally, through the principle of cognitive-behavioral therapy,starting from the existential state, the improving measures to solve the problem of existential psychotherapy have also been proposed in this paper.

Key words: existentialism; psychotherapy; boredom; belief; existial state

● An Analysis of “Hyper-reality”MA Xiaoru

Abstract: With the advent of the era of “post-human-being”, the term “hyper-reality”, as a very hot word in modern art and AI fields, is becoming more and more significant. This paper is a research about the “hyper-reality”problem, which based on three big problematic domains: the trans-formation of human-beings’ existing-worldschema, the metamorphosis of modern and contemporary arts, and the western modern philosophical crisis about the idea of “reality”. The concept of “hyper-reality” mainly contains three meanings: from the point of material technology, it generates from digital media model of reproduction of “simulacra” without an “original”; from the perspective of relationship between “sign” and “reality”, it is the fracture and trespass between “sign” and the“prototype-reality”, which means a paradigm shift of the reality: a “prototype-reality” is replaced by a copy real,the real of signifer; from the perspective of philosophy, it is the reality of false simulacra ,which is de-realization.

Key words: hyper-reality; sign; reality; super-realism; simulacra

● A Novel Perspective of the Study of Contingent-a priori Knowledge:From the Standpoint of Division of Reference and Referent FENG Lirong

Abstract: “The contingent-a prior knowledge” is a striking claim put forward by Kripke during his investigation of reference theory. “The standard meter”, “Neptune” and “Julius” are classical cases. The legitimacy of claim and the cases are discussed heatedly in the contemporary philosophy of language. By separating reference from referent, we can not only clarify several confusion and mistakes in the study of three cases, but also provide a novel perspective of characterizing the problematic situation of the contingent a priori knowledge.

Key words: reference-fixing, a priori, de-re knowledge, reference, referent, contingency

● Does Phenomenal Intentionality Transcend Naturalized Intentionality? WEI Yidong, DU Yajun

Abstract: Phenomenal intentionality is an intentional project formed by the integration of intentionality and phenomenology. It inherits the philosophical tradition of Brentano’s intentionality and Husserl’s phenomenology, and forms phenomenal intentionality based on phenomenal consciousness. In the relationship between intentional and phenomenological attributes, phenomenological intentionality criticizes the separation of naturalize intentionality and emphasizes the relevance of each other, then strengthens the importance of phenomenal consciousness, phenomenal property, and the first person perspective in the study of intentionality.It also distinguishes the third person perspective of intentionality from naturalism.

Key words: phenomenal intentionality; naturalized intentionality; intentional property; phenomenal property