2008—2017年上海市朱涇鎮(zhèn)水痘流行病學(xué)特征分析

李俊 王勝 馬亞飛

摘 要 目的：分析上海金山區(qū)朱涇鎮(zhèn)2008-2017年水痘流行特征，為社區(qū)水痘防控工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法：通過(guò)中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制信息系統(tǒng)收集2008-2017年上海金山區(qū)朱涇鎮(zhèn)水痘發(fā)病情況，采用描述性流行病學(xué)方法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果：2008-2017年上海金山區(qū)朱涇鎮(zhèn)共報(bào)告水痘病例1 161例，年平均發(fā)病率95.86/10萬(wàn)；男性發(fā)病563例，女性發(fā)病598例，男女發(fā)病性別比為0.94∶1；發(fā)病高發(fā)年齡段為25歲以下人群，占發(fā)病總數(shù)的88.46%（1 027/1 161）；職業(yè)主要為學(xué)生，其次為托幼兒童和工人，分別占發(fā)病總數(shù)的48.58%（564/1 161）、9.91%（115 /1 161）和9.73%（113/1 161）；發(fā)病呈現(xiàn)2個(gè)明顯高發(fā)時(shí)間段，主發(fā)病高峰為11月至次年1月，占發(fā)病總數(shù)的33.85%（393/1 161），其次為4至6月，占發(fā)病總數(shù)的28.17%（327/1 161）；本地居民發(fā)病率（108.85/10萬(wàn)）顯著高于外來(lái)流動(dòng)人員（61.44/10萬(wàn)），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（χ2=56.57，P<0.05）。結(jié)論：2008-2017年上海金山區(qū)朱涇鎮(zhèn)水痘發(fā)病率總體水平較高。需根據(jù)水痘發(fā)病的周期性和聚集性特征，加強(qiáng)針對(duì)重點(diǎn)人群和重點(diǎn)單位的宣傳力度，落實(shí)水痘疫苗的查漏補(bǔ)種工作，從而降低水痘發(fā)病。

關(guān)鍵詞 水痘；流行病學(xué)；特征分析

中圖分類號(hào)：R511.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-1533（2018）24-0053-03

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Zhujing Town of Shanghai in 2008-2017

LI Jun， WANG Sheng， MA Yafei（Prevention and Health Care Department of Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai in 2008 - 2017 for providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella in the community. Methods： The incidence of varicella in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai， in 2008 - 2017 was collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and descriptive epidemiology was used for statistical analysis. Results： In 2008 - 2017， a total of 1 161 cases of varicella were reported in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai， and the annual average incidence rate was 95.86/100，000； there were 563 male cases and 598 female cases， and the sex ratio of male to female was 0.94： 1； the highest incidence age group was below 25 years old， accounting for 88.46%（1 027/1 161） of the total number of cases； the occupations were mainly students， followed by nursery children and workers， accounting for 48.58%（564/1 161）， 9.91%（115/1 161） and 9.73%（113/1 161） of the total number of cases， respectively； the incidence showed 2 periods of high incidence， the main incidence peaked from November to January， accounting for 33.85%（393/1 161） of the total number of cases， the second peak was from April to June， accounting for 28.17%（327 /1 161）； the incidence of local residents（108.85/100，000） was significantly higher than that of migrant people（61.44/100，000）， and the difference was statistically significant（c2=56.57， P<0.05）. Conclusion： In 2008-2017， the overall incidence of varicella in Zhujing Town of Jinshan District， Shanghai was relatively high. According to the periodicity and aggregation characteristics of varicella， it is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of key populations and key units， and implement the investigation and re-inoculation of varicella vaccine to reduce the incidence of varicella.