自2014年起的連續(xù)四年,江蘇高考英語的書面表達(dá)題均采用了提供文字材料(有時(shí)也結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)圖表)的形式來呈現(xiàn)話題,要求考生以約30個(gè)單詞來概括文字(和圖表)的內(nèi)容,并根據(jù)寫作要求對(duì)該話題進(jìn)行分析評(píng)判,來完成一篇約150個(gè)詞的短文。不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這些話題寫作完全是開放式的,要求學(xué)生能了解和熟悉社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題,能用辯證的邏輯思維去生成自己的觀點(diǎn),還要能掌握很多跟這些熱點(diǎn)話題相關(guān)的詞匯短語把個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚。要想在考場(chǎng)上完成一篇出色的英語作文,以上三點(diǎn)缺一不可。
以2018屆南京市高三期初模擬考試英語卷上的書面表達(dá)題為例。本文材料是南京留美學(xué)生蔡語婧在畢業(yè)演講中分享了自己6 年來包容多元文化,融入同學(xué)群體的經(jīng)歷。我從“審題”、“Summary”、“全文成篇”三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)著眼對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行指導(dǎo),搜集和補(bǔ)充了可用觀點(diǎn)和備用語料供學(xué)生模仿記憶,還強(qiáng)調(diào)了本話題的特別易錯(cuò)點(diǎn),最后附上了教師本人按照該思路親自寫的范文。
以下是我就該話題對(duì)學(xué)生作文指導(dǎo)的流程。
一、細(xì)致審題,明確要點(diǎn)。寫作內(nèi)容包括兩點(diǎn):接納和包容的重要性以及如何做到接納和包容。第二點(diǎn)中明確要求“結(jié)合實(shí)例”,所以一定要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)氖吕?/p>
二、理解材料,寫好Summary。可分為四個(gè)步驟來進(jìn)行,提取topic→劃分意群→取舍信息→組織語言。
第一步抓取關(guān)鍵詞:embracing diversity,即本文的topic。
第二步劃分意群:
A Chinese girl Cai Yujing delivered a wonderful speech on her graduation ceremony in the USA.
She talked about her hometown and family members as well as how she adapted to the new environment by embracing diversity.
Her speech has won a lot of praise online.
第三步取舍信息:意群②中關(guān)于家鄉(xiāng)與親人的介紹顯然與寫作要求無關(guān),果斷省略。
第四步組織語言:
平時(shí)多積累詞匯短語,多做paraphrase練習(xí)。
篩選相關(guān)信息→用邏輯連詞連接分句→用從句將并列句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句→用非謂語動(dòng)詞代替從句。
三、最為關(guān)鍵的全文成篇的可分解為五個(gè)步驟:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)→設(shè)計(jì)中心句→設(shè)計(jì)論點(diǎn)→選擇詞匯和短語→設(shè)計(jì)亮點(diǎn)句型。
第一步設(shè)計(jì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu):
Para1(開頭—確立觀點(diǎn)):Summary。
Para2(正文—論述證明):接納與包容的重要性。
Para3(結(jié)尾—實(shí)例和建議):接納與包容曾經(jīng)幫助我走出了困境;在新環(huán)境中我們應(yīng)該如何做到接納與包容。
第二步設(shè)計(jì)中心句:
Para2:Whenever we enter a new environment, we must attach great importance to acceptance and tolerance.
Para3:Acceptance and tolerance once helped me fit into a new environment when I…
第三步生成觀點(diǎn)。
接納和包容的重要性可按以下兩種思路來分析:一是提出至少兩點(diǎn)對(duì)個(gè)人發(fā)展的益處;二也可以分對(duì)個(gè)人、對(duì)集體及對(duì)社會(huì)的益處三個(gè)方面來分析。按照題目中提供的材料,顯然第一種思路更符合本話題,不必提及包容對(duì)集體或社會(huì)的好處。關(guān)于包容的好處可用觀點(diǎn)有:①結(jié)交新朋友;②學(xué)習(xí)新的知識(shí),體驗(yàn)新的文化風(fēng)俗;③清除負(fù)面情緒,有益身心健康;④融入新的集體;⑤建立和諧的集體氛圍,等等。關(guān)于如何做到接納與包容可用觀點(diǎn)有:①鼓起勇氣;②打開心扉;③主動(dòng)與他人交際;④積極參與集體活動(dòng)。論點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)一要合情合理,二要保證自己能夠用英語表達(dá)出來。
第四步完篇。
在選擇高級(jí)的詞匯短語的同時(shí)要盡量避免錯(cuò)誤,否則寧可用簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯短語。
備用語料:
接納與包容:acceptance and tolerance;
陌生環(huán)境:a new/ strange environment; an unfamiliar/ alien environment;
重視:attach importance to; lay emphasis on;
消除負(fù)面情緒,有益身心健康:rid us of negative feelings and benefit our mental and physical health;
第五步安插亮點(diǎn)句型。
如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、虛擬語氣、三大從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。
參考范文:
Cai yujing, a Chinese girl studying in America, delivered a brilliant graduation speech, focusing on how she had embraced diversity in a multicultural environment, which has won widespread praise online.
As we move forward on our life journey, we frequently enter totally strange environments when we move to a new neighborhood, transfer to another school or change our jobs. Under such circumstances, tolerance and acceptance are of extreme importance. For one thing, without them we might well lose our courage and withdraw from the new environment. For another thing, it’s tolerance and acceptance that help us open up our minds and absorb brand new knowledge and experience.
When I entered this high school, I was filled with nervousness and confusion. However, I gathered my courage to approach my new classmates and teachers. Gradually, I made friends with most of them and adapted to the new surroundings. Moreover, I’ve learned to compromise when contradiction arises. In conclusion, only with acceptance and tolerance can we adjust to a new environment.