如何恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)情緒

徐穎

全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I卷書(shū)面表達(dá)的體裁近些年一直是應(yīng)用文。應(yīng)用文涉及書(shū)信、留言、邀請(qǐng)信、求助信、申請(qǐng)信、約稿等等，它們貼近生活，能反映同學(xué)們?cè)谡鎸?shí)情境下的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用水平。在這些應(yīng)用文中，情緒的表達(dá)奠定了文章的基調(diào)，起著非常重要的作用。

情緒其實(shí)是一個(gè)心理學(xué)名詞，指的人的內(nèi)心世界的外在表達(dá)方式。我們所了解的最基本的情緒有喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)、愁等，還有一些微妙的情緒如嫉妒、慚愧、羞恥、自豪等等。下面列舉一些常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式：

高興 Im delighted that I got the job.

I feel great today.

Terrific！/Wonderful！

生氣 angry/annoyed/irritated

情緒化 emotional

多愁善感 sentimental

悲傷 Im depressed/upset/unhappy/sad/sorrowful.

Its depressing.

失望 What a disappointment！

What a pity！

You let me down.

Im disappointed about/at ...

Thats disappointing.

無(wú)助 helpless/desperate

興奮 Im excited to know ...

Im so excited that ...

How exciting！

To my excitement ...

熱情 We are enthusiastic/passionate about ...

Your enthusiasm affected all of us.

樂(lè)觀(guān) I have faith in you.

I have confidence in you.

There is no doubt that we will win.

Im lucky.

positive

自豪 Im proud of/to do ...

同情 Im so sorry to hear that.

Im full of pity for ...

[恐懼] I was frightened/very shocked/scared/terrified/horrified.

厭惡 Terrible！

尷尬 embarrassed/embarrassing

嫉妒 envious

困惑 I was confused about the dates.

壓力 stressed/tense

放松 relaxed

遺憾 Its a pity that ...

慚愧 be ashamed of

熟悉以上列舉的各種情緒表達(dá)方式，識(shí)記并靈活運(yùn)用基本的情緒表達(dá)的詞匯和句子，在把握不同應(yīng)用文上就占得了先機(jī)，使得文章情感表達(dá)自如，語(yǔ)言得體。

不同的應(yīng)用文，由于寫(xiě)作目的不同，寫(xiě)作中所表達(dá)的情緒也有差異。下面以不同體裁應(yīng)用文為例，探討在不同的應(yīng)用文中情緒的表達(dá)方式。

1. 感謝信

感謝信是為了表示感謝的一種專(zhuān)用的書(shū)信。寫(xiě)信人可以是個(gè)人或組織，收信人也可以是個(gè)人或組織。

如果是個(gè)人寫(xiě)給個(gè)人的感謝信，表達(dá)感謝之情可使用的表達(dá)有：

Thanks to your timely encouragement， I finally restored my confidence and my passion was lit up again.

Im sincerely grateful for your generous recommendation.

I cant tell how much I owe you ...

It was thoughtful/considerate of you to ...

Had it not been for your assistance， I wouldnt have succeeded in ...

個(gè)人寫(xiě)給組織，語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該更為禮貌和正式。

可使用的表達(dá)有：

I would like to express/extend my sincere gratitude to those who helped me.

Thank you again for your generosity/hospitality/generous help.

We are very appreciative of your invitation.

2. 投訴信

投訴信的目的是表達(dá)不滿(mǎn)進(jìn)而解決問(wèn)題。如果產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)、條件略微有瑕疵，可以表達(dá)不滿(mǎn)或經(jīng)過(guò)“抑制”的憤怒——畢竟人們都不喜歡收到投訴，所以語(yǔ)言要有禮有節(jié)。如：

I am writing to make a complaint to express my dissatisfaction about ...

I would quite appreciate if you could stop playing your sound system at such late hours.

Unfortunately， it ...

I hope you can give me a satisfying reply and deal with this matter seriously.

當(dāng)然，如果情況非常糟糕，讓人無(wú)法忍受，投訴方遭受了巨大損失，就沒(méi)有必要過(guò)于婉轉(zhuǎn)，需要適時(shí)表達(dá)憤怒了。如：

Im writing to complain about the quality of your product.

It is high time you took some measures to solve ...

I felt disappointed that such bad service could have happened in a so-called five-star department store.

Its a shame that such a pretty girl should have done this.

I sincerely hope such things will never take place again.

I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation， I will be forced to take legal action.

3. 道歉信

道歉信的目的是表達(dá)歉意，消除誤解，增進(jìn)信任。表達(dá)歉意要誠(chéng)懇，用詞要委婉、溫和。

常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)有：

Im afraid I cant go to the concert ...

I write to apologize for having caused ...

Please accept my apology for not returning your book a bit earlier.

Im writing to express my apology for ...

Im terribly/truly sorry for ...

4. 申請(qǐng)信

申請(qǐng)信的類(lèi)型比較多樣，有求職申請(qǐng)、報(bào)考申請(qǐng)、留學(xué)申請(qǐng)等。不論什么類(lèi)型的申請(qǐng)，其目的都是希望被申請(qǐng)單位考慮自己的申請(qǐng)，然后表達(dá)謝意，期盼回復(fù)。所以表達(dá)請(qǐng)求要誠(chéng)懇、有理有力。

常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式有：

Im confident that I am suitable for the kind of job you are advertising ...

I will devote myself to it if I can get it.

I would be very grateful to you if you ...

Should you grant me a personal interview， I would be most grateful.

I would appreciate it if you can give a chance.

I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.

Thank you for considering my application.

Look forward to your reply/the interview！

5. 求助信

求助信的情緒表達(dá)最為明顯。要適當(dāng)表達(dá)出焦慮或困惑，才能得到被求助方的重視。

可以考慮的表達(dá)方式如下：

I felt so nervous/anxious ...

Worried about my academic performance， I had a long talk with my parents.

Depressed and frustrated， I was in low spirits.

Feeling miserable and regretful， I decided to keep my eyes upon the goal and stick to it.

6. 建議信

建議信旨在提出有針對(duì)性的意見(jiàn)和建議，建議信也有解決問(wèn)題、安慰求助者的功能。所以語(yǔ)言要準(zhǔn)確、清晰、禮貌、體貼，這樣才易于被對(duì)方接受。

針對(duì)組織的建議我們可以考慮使用：

I think it would be a good idea/more beneficial if you could ...

I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.

針對(duì)個(gè)人的建議可使用如下表達(dá)：

Im sorry to hear/learn that ...

Dont worry about your study you will soon become ...

Cheer up， my best friend.

7. 邀請(qǐng)信

邀請(qǐng)信一般是各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)，通過(guò)發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，期盼被邀請(qǐng)人接受邀請(qǐng)或得到回復(fù)。邀請(qǐng)信要表達(dá)出請(qǐng)求、期盼，有時(shí)輔以適當(dāng)?shù)母屑ず团d奮之情。

可使用的表達(dá)方式如下：

Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home ...

Would you please write something about ...？

We would be honored to have you there with us.

Let me know if you are interested.

Im looking forward to hearing from you.

It must be very interesting and exciting.

8. 演講稿

演講的目的是說(shuō)服。演講者的情緒會(huì)帶動(dòng)聽(tīng)眾，產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的感染力。有感染力的演講稿簡(jiǎn)潔明快，充滿(mǎn)激情。針對(duì)不同的演講內(nèi)容，演講稿所采用的情緒表達(dá)是不同的，或高興，或生氣，或憤怒，或熱情，這些情緒的表達(dá)在前幾部分都有闡述。本部分僅列舉演講開(kāi)頭的禮貌表達(dá)方式。如：

It is my pleasure to ...

It is a great honor for me to speak here to welcome our guests.

I feel great honored to be here ...

Im very happy to have this opportunity to ...

We are honored today to be joined by our distinguished guest ...

We are lucky to have you here ...

（2016·全國(guó)卷I） 假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職，已寫(xiě)好申請(qǐng)書(shū)和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷（resume）。給外教Mr. Jenkins寫(xiě)信，請(qǐng)她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

這是一封求助信（請(qǐng)求信）。第一段道出寫(xiě)信目的，第二段寫(xiě)原因和具體請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容，第三段表達(dá)感謝。以下范文中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分表達(dá)出了尊重、適度的緊張和感謝之情。

范文

Dear Mr. Jenkins，

Im Li Hua from English writing class last lesson. Im writing to ask for your help.

Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation， and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However， I am not quite sure of the language and the format Ive used. I know you have a very busy schedule， but Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment.

Thank you for your kindness！

Yours，

Li Hua