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直接法與公式法測定小而密低密度脂蛋白的比較研究
伍旭升1,李洪璠2,宋香靜2,楊海松2,曹潤紅2,宋澤星2,段林林2,王張生3
目的探討直接法與公式法測定小而密低密度脂蛋白(sdLDL)的差異。方法對2016年7月—2017年6月門診收集的3 346份血標本進行血脂檢測,包括總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)等血脂全套。再根據(jù)高脂血癥類型,對比分析直接法與公式法測定的sdLDL結(jié)果。結(jié)果各型高脂血癥及正常對照組中直接法與公式法測定的sdLDL含量均具有較好的相關(guān)性,其中正常對照組及低HDL-C血癥組相關(guān)性最好(r值分別為0.830和0.831);混合型高脂血癥組及低HDL-C血癥組直接法與公式法差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。結(jié)論公式法估算sdLDL可應用于健康對照人群,但對于高脂血癥病人應采用直接法測定sdLDL含量,才能為臨床提供可靠的檢驗數(shù)據(jù),指導篩查和治療。
直接法;公式法;小而密低密度脂蛋白;血脂
血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)是動脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生發(fā)展的主要危險因素,其在大小、密度和脂質(zhì)組成上具有異質(zhì)性。顆粒較小的B型即小而密低密度脂蛋白 (small dense low density lipoprotein,sdLDL),是動脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的強危險因素,與冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)密切相關(guān)[1]。目前常用的幾種方法來檢測sdLDL,如超速離心法[2]、梯度凝膠電泳(GGE)[3]、核磁共振(NMR)成像[4]、高性能液相色譜法(HPLC)[5]和過氧化物酶法。然而,大多數(shù)檢測方法費力、耗時,或過于昂貴。受諸多條件限制,因此sdLDL檢測尚未廣泛應用于臨床。本研究擬從門診收集的3 346份血標本,利用直接法與擬合公式法對sdLDL結(jié)果進行對比分析,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 搜集上海交通大學醫(yī)學院附屬上海市同仁醫(yī)院2016年7月—2017年6月門診受檢者的空腹血清標本進行檢測,其中有血脂全套報告者3 346例,男1 681例,女1 665例,年齡18歲~85歲(60.4歲±16.9歲)。
1.2 儀器和方法 空腹狀態(tài)下,抽取受檢者靜脈血并分離血清。儀器采用(Roche P800)全自動生化分析儀,試劑采用該公司提供的配套試劑,包括總膽固醇(TC)和三酰甘油(TG)采用酶法;高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)采用均相酶比色法;載脂蛋白A(APOA)、載脂蛋白B(APOB)、載脂蛋白E(APOE)采用免疫比濁法;脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]采用乳膠比濁法;sdLDL采用過氧化物酶法。
對3 346份血清標本進行TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、APOA、APOB、APOE、LP(a)、sdLDL含量測定,通過自動建模,得出擬合公式:ln(sdLDL)= 0.242*ln(TC)+ 0.284*ln(TG)+ 0.115*LDL-C-0.539*HDL-C/APOA+0.331*APOA+0.681*ln(APOB)-0.019*APOE- 0.000 1*LP(a)+ 0.01*age-0.000 1*age2 + 0.053*sex(男性)-0.944。sdLDL直接測定值和公式計算值之間相關(guān)性顯著(r=0.886,P<0.001),詳見圖1;兩種方法檢測差別有限:有80.48%(2 693/3 346)病人的sdLDL計算值在實測值30%內(nèi)波動。詳見圖2。
注:橫坐標表示按照樣本號各血樣直接法測定值,相對應的公式計算值為黑線。
圖1 sdLDL測定值與計算值散點圖
圖2 sdLDL實測值與計算值在總體樣本的分布
從實用角度出發(fā),血脂異??蛇M行簡易的臨床分類[6]:高TC血癥、高TG血癥、混合型高脂血癥、低HDL-C血癥,另外還有LDL-C正常而sdLDL偏高的情形。將本研究血脂結(jié)果分成六類(見表1)??梢娬φ战M及低HDL-C血癥組直接法與公式法相關(guān)性較好,混合型高脂血癥組及低HDL-C血癥組直接法與公式法差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。
表1 各型高脂血癥及正常對照直接法與公式法的相關(guān)系數(shù)及配對t檢驗
Coresh等[7]認為sdLDL升高先于CHD發(fā)病數(shù)年,與冠心病有明確的關(guān)系。國外有研究測定571例冠心病病人和263名健康對照者的sdLDL,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)所有男性或女性冠心病病人sdLDL水平均明顯升高,而且在571例冠心病組中,多元Logistic分析顯示sdLDL水平獨立于LDL與冠心病病人冠脈狹窄程度顯著相關(guān)[8]。近來已有大量臨床研究證實sdLDL與冠心病的相關(guān)性[9-12]。本研究觀察到兩種方法的測定結(jié)果有很好的相關(guān)性,有80.5%的病人sdLDL計算值在實測值30%內(nèi)波動,與估算腎小球濾過率的MDRD公式準確性(80.6%)相當[13],支持該公式在實踐應用中的有效性。
綜上所述,sdLDL作為冠心病的重要危險因素,準確測定其數(shù)值非常重要。對于健康人群,公式法經(jīng)濟方便,近似估計可作為健康人群的體檢篩查。但對于高脂血癥病人而言,公式法可靠性下降,此時應使用直接測定法來保證檢測結(jié)果的準確性。
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Comparative Study on the Determination of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein by Direct and Formula Methods
Wu Xusheng,Li Hongfan,Song Xiangjing,Yang Haisong,Cao Runhong,Song Zexing,Duan Linlin,Wang Zhangsheng
Shanghai Tongren Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200050,China
Li Hongfan (Weng’an County Peoples Hospital,Weng’an,Guizhou,China)
Objective To study the difference between direct and formula method for the determination of small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL).Methods Three thousands,three hundreds and forty-six blood samples were collected from July to November in our hospital,and tested for serum lipids,including total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG).And then according to the type of hyperlipidemia,the sdLDL results were determined by direct and formula methods.Results There was a correlation between the content of sdLDL measured by direct method and formula method in all types of hyperlipidemia and normal control group.The correlation between the normal control group and the low HDL-C group was the best (correlation coefficient was 0.830 and 0.831,reppectively).There was no significant difference between the direct method and the formula method in the mixed hyperlipidemia group and the low HDL-C group.Conclusion The sdLDL can be applied to screening healthy population,but it is necessary for patients with hyperlipidemia to determine the content of sdLDL by direct method to provide reliable test data for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
direct method;formula method;small dense low density lipoprotein;serum lipids
1.上海交通大學醫(yī)學院附屬上海市同仁醫(yī)院(上海 200050);2.貴州省甕安縣人民醫(yī)院;3.復旦大學醫(yī)學院附屬上海市第五人民醫(yī)院
李洪璠,E-mail:793115150@qq.com
信息:伍旭升,李洪璠,宋香靜,等.直接法與公式法測定小而密低密度脂蛋白的比較研究[J].中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心腦血管病雜志,2017,15(19):2418-2419.
R446.1
B
10.3969/j.issn.1672-1349.2017.19.015
1672-1349(2017)19-2418-02
2017-03-06)
(本文編輯 郭懷印)