謝春英,董宇賀,徐雪松,何成彥,孫景春,黃麗紅
(吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院 檢驗科,吉林 長春130033)
CNN1在結(jié)直腸癌中的表達(dá)及意義
謝春英,董宇賀,徐雪松*,何成彥,孫景春,黃麗紅
(吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院 檢驗科,吉林 長春130033)
目的探討鈣調(diào)蛋白Ⅰ(CNN1)在結(jié)直腸癌及癌旁組織中的表達(dá)及意義。方法采用液質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù)檢測結(jié)直腸癌中的差異蛋白,并用免疫印跡試驗驗證差異蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果以配對癌旁正常組織為依據(jù),本實驗共篩選出結(jié)直腸癌差異蛋白44個,下調(diào)蛋白23個,CNN1即為下調(diào)表達(dá)的蛋白之一。結(jié)論CNN1的低表達(dá)與多種癌癥相關(guān),包括結(jié)直腸癌,因此CNN1可能作為一種癌癥抑制因子發(fā)揮作用。
結(jié)直腸癌;CNN1;液質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù);免疫印跡
(ChinJLabDiagn,2017,21:1679)
結(jié)腸直腸癌是癌癥死亡的第四大常見原因,占所有癌癥死亡的8%[1]。在我國,結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率僅次于肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌居第五位[2],其發(fā)病率仍逐漸上升,尤其在發(fā)展中國家的年輕人當(dāng)中上升最快[3],嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的健康。在過去的幾十年中,結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病機制一直是研究的熱點,但是很多的術(shù)后患者、腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移患者的預(yù)后并不理想,因此早期診斷依然是治療結(jié)直腸癌的關(guān)鍵。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鈣調(diào)蛋白Ⅰ(CNN1)在多種惡性腫瘤中低表達(dá),是一種潛在的具有腫瘤診斷價值的廣譜標(biāo)記物。本研究檢測了吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院44例結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌旁正常組織中CNN1的表達(dá)情況,探討CNN1與結(jié)直腸癌的關(guān)系,以期能為結(jié)直腸癌的早期診斷、治療等提供新的有價值的理論依據(jù)。
1.1標(biāo)本來源
本實驗所用的結(jié)直腸癌組織標(biāo)本均經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查證實為腺癌,癌旁正常組織均取自癌組織上緣10 cm外,患者手術(shù)前均未接受任何方式的治療。依據(jù)上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn),收集從吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院接受手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸癌組織標(biāo)本44例,手術(shù)即時沖洗取材,液氮速凍保存。
1.2方法
1.2.1主要試劑及儀器 TMED、苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF) 、十二烷基磺酸鈉(SDS)、超純水購于Sigma公司。二硫代蘇糖醇(DTT)、DNA酶、RNA酶、測序級胰蛋白酶等購自Promeg公司。碘代乙酰胺(IAM) 、蛋白質(zhì)定量試劑盒購于Bio-Rad公司。安捷倫1200series液相色譜儀,賽默飛世爾的 LTQXL質(zhì)譜儀。
1.2.2樣本總蛋白的提取 ①取結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌旁正常組織各50 mg,研磨裂解至勻漿。②RCF:12 000 g,4℃離心1 h,取上清備用。③測定蛋白質(zhì)含量:考馬斯亮藍(lán)染色,于595 nm處測蛋白濃度。④檢測結(jié)束,-80℃分裝保存。
1.2.3水解多肽混合物的制備 ①凍存總蛋白平衡至室溫,NH4HCO3溶解稀釋。②DTT調(diào)定至20 mmol/L的終濃度,56℃避光1 h。③室溫時加入IAM,混勻調(diào)定至50 mmol/L的終濃度,避光30 min。④按蛋白∶胰酶=50∶1的比例加入胰酶,37℃水浴箱過夜。⑤-80℃保存酶切產(chǎn)物。
1.2.4液質(zhì)聯(lián)用分析及數(shù)據(jù)檢索 ①緩沖液A溶解樣品,取50 μg上樣,賽默飛世爾的LTQXL質(zhì)譜儀檢測反相色譜洗脫的多肽。②質(zhì)譜二級掃描應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)依賴方式:以Thermo Fisher的Bioworks 3.3.1SP1軟件進(jìn)行質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù)的分析,Sequest算法檢索Uniprot_sprot數(shù)據(jù)庫,比較分析鑒定差異蛋白質(zhì)。
1.2.5Western blot 通過SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳、轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉等操作來驗證目標(biāo)蛋白CNN1在結(jié)直腸癌和癌旁組織的表達(dá)情況。免疫印跡所用CNN1單抗購于Santa Cruz公司,其內(nèi)參為β-actin。
2.1液質(zhì)聯(lián)用分析差異蛋白
蛋白質(zhì)豐度使用譜圖數(shù)來評價,對于豐度有差異的蛋白質(zhì),譜圖數(shù)需要同時滿足以下兩個條件:①蛋白譜圖數(shù)的差值在兩個樣品中要大于或等于72;②兩樣品中蛋白譜圖數(shù)的比值要大于或等于1。按照以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得到結(jié)直腸癌與癌旁組織的差異蛋白44個,其中上調(diào)表達(dá)蛋白21個,下調(diào)蛋白23個。本文著重探討下調(diào)表達(dá)的CNN1,CNN1的質(zhì)譜圖見圖1。
圖1 CNN1的質(zhì)譜圖
2.2Westernblot
免疫印跡試驗驗證了CNN1在結(jié)直腸癌組織和配對的癌旁組織中的表達(dá)情況,如圖2,可見CNN1在癌組織的表達(dá)水平明顯低于配對的癌旁組織。
圖2 CNN1的免疫印跡圖
CNN1(basic calponin or calponin h1)被稱為鈣調(diào)蛋白1,也被稱為心肌和平滑肌的分化標(biāo)記[4],是鈣調(diào)蛋白三個亞型之一,編碼該蛋白的基因在人類19號染色體(19p13.2-p13.1)上[5]。CNN1是分子量為34 kDa的線性分子,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于牛的主動脈和雞的平滑肌中,后來被證明在大多數(shù)脊椎動物的平滑肌中都存在著CNN1。CNN1在生理狀態(tài)下與肌動蛋白、原肌球蛋白和鈣調(diào)蛋白結(jié)合,參與平滑肌收縮的調(diào)控和細(xì)胞增殖[6];在各種病理狀態(tài)下,比如異常的胃腸蠕動[7]、缺氧[8]等都會引起CNN1表達(dá)的異常。
腫瘤的生長、轉(zhuǎn)移和傳播都依賴于血管,由于不成熟的微血管是不規(guī)則的、彎曲的、滲漏的,與成熟血管相比腫瘤細(xì)胞可能更容易進(jìn)入微血管,從而導(dǎo)致腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移。CNN1在血管的成熟過程中扮演著重要的角色,CNN1能穩(wěn)定肌動蛋白并抑制細(xì)胞運動[9]。腫瘤細(xì)胞中的CNN1能夠抑制腫瘤的增殖、克隆以及致瘤性,同時抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的運動性和侵入性[10]。有研究證明敲除編碼CNN1的基因,會導(dǎo)致血管、腹膜等組織形態(tài)上的脆性,從而加速腫瘤的血管轉(zhuǎn)移和腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移[11]。大量的研究證明CNN1在多種腫瘤組織中都低表達(dá),比如膀胱癌[12]、惡性黑色素瘤[13]、肝細(xì)胞癌[14]、卵巢癌[15]、乳腺癌[16]等,并且在腎細(xì)胞癌[17]中的低表達(dá)與腫瘤的大小、類型、浸潤程度等相關(guān),而且有研究表明CNN1在癌前病變中也低表達(dá)[18],這些臨床病理結(jié)果都提示我們CNN1作為一種可靠的腫瘤標(biāo)志物的有效性和可探索性。本研究通過液質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù)檢測到了CNN1在結(jié)直腸癌中的低表達(dá),并通過免疫印跡試驗進(jìn)行了驗證,與上述腫瘤中CNN1的表達(dá)情況一致。究竟CNN1能不能成為結(jié)直腸癌早期診斷的標(biāo)志物還有待于進(jìn)一步的探索研究。
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TheExpressionandSignificanceofCNN1inColorectalcancer
XIEChun-ying,DONGYu-he,XUXue-song,etal.
(China-JapanUnionHospitalofJilinUniversity,Changchun130033,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and significance of CNN1 in colorectal cancer and adjacent tissues.MethodsTwo-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to detect the different proteins of colorectal cancer,in addition,the expression of diferential proteins were verified by Western blot.ResultsForty-four differentially expressed proteins were detected in colorectal cancer based on the corresponding non-tumor normal tissues,and 23 of them were down-regulated,in which,CNN1 was one of the down regulated proteins.ConclusionThe low expression of CNN1 has a relationship with a varity of cancers ,including colorectal cancer,so CNN1 may play a role as a cancer suppressor.
colorectal cancer;CNN1;Two-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry;western blot
R735.3+5 R735.3+7
A
2016-10-08)
國家自然科學(xué)基金(81572082);吉林省科學(xué)技術(shù)廳項目(2011713,20150414015GH,20150101153JC);吉林省財政廳項目(SCZSY201517)
*通訊作者
1007-4287(2017)10-1679-03