張銳++李霄
[摘要] 目的 兩種經(jīng)腹手術(shù)入路治療SiewertⅡ型和Ⅲ型食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌(AEG)的效果比較,即全胃切除和近端胃切除的療效比較。 方法 回顧性分析2007年10月~2011年5月寶雞市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院普外科接受手術(shù)治療的SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者51例的臨床資料,其中全胃切除術(shù)32例,近端胃切除術(shù)19例。比較兩組患者年齡、臨床病理特征、手術(shù)時(shí)間及術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后病理分期、營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及術(shù)后生存情況。 結(jié)果 全胃切除組在淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)上優(yōu)于近端胃切除組,而在手術(shù)時(shí)間及術(shù)中出血?jiǎng)t高于近端胃切除術(shù),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組患者圍術(shù)期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。近端胃切除組較全胃切除組更容易在術(shù)后1年發(fā)生反流性食管炎,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組患者在術(shù)后1年的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后5年生存率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),Ⅲ期患者全胃切除術(shù)組5年生存率為12.50%,而近端胃切除術(shù)組5年生存率為10.53%。 結(jié)論 全胃切除組的反流性食管炎的發(fā)生率明顯低于近端胃切除組,且沒有增加手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在術(shù)后營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)與近端胃切除無明顯差異,是目前SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者較為合適的手術(shù)方式。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌;全胃切除;近端胃切除;療效
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)09(b)-0079-04
1.Department of Surgery, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Province, Baoji 721001, China; 2.Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force Modical University (Fourth Military Medical University) Xijing Hospital, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710032, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare two operation methods for treating Siewert Ⅱ, Ⅲtype adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric (AEG) junction via abdominal approach, namely total gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 51 patients with Siewert Ⅱ,Ⅲ type AEG, from October 2007 to May 2011, in Department of Surgery, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were analyzed retrospectively, among them, 32 cases were given total gastrectomy and 19 cases were given proximal gastrectomy. The differences in patients' age, clinical and pathological characteristics, operation time, intra-operative blood loss, postoperative pathologic staging, nutritional status and postoperative survival situation between the two groups were compared. Results Total gastrectomy group was better on lymph nody excision than the proximal gastrectomy group, while average operation time and average intra-operative blood loss were higher than those of proximal gastrectomy, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); There were no statistically significant differences in occurrence rate of complications during perioperative period between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with total gastrectomy group, proximal gastrectomy group was more licked to occured the esophagogastricl reflux after operation 1 year, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in nutritional status between the two groups after operation 1 year (P > 0.05). The survival rate of the two groups had no statistically significant difference after operation 5 years (P > 0.05), 5-year survival rate of Ⅲ phase patients in total gastrectomy group was 12.50%, that in proximal gastrectomy group was 10.53%. Conclusion The occurrence rate of esophagogastric reflux for total gastrectomy is significantly lower than proximal gastrectomy and the risk of operation will not be increased, there is no significant difference between total gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy in postoperative nutritional status, it is a suitable operation method for Siewert Ⅱ type and Ⅲ type AEG patients.
[Key words] Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction; Total gastrectomy; Proximal gastrectomy; Curative effective
食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌(AEG)是指腫瘤中心位于齒狀線及遠(yuǎn)近端各5 cm范圍內(nèi)的腺癌[1-2]。外科手術(shù)是主要治療方法[3-4],常采用近端胃切除術(shù)或全胃切除術(shù)。本文旨在探討治療SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG較為合適的手術(shù)方式,從而改善患者生存質(zhì)量。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2007年10月~2011年5月寶雞市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院普外科接受手術(shù)治療的SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者51例的臨床資料,其中全胃切除術(shù)32例,近端胃切除術(shù)19例。術(shù)前均經(jīng)胃鏡活檢明確診斷,并行上消化道鋇餐檢查進(jìn)一步明確病變部位。所有患者患者均符合SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型胃食管結(jié)合部腺癌;年齡18~80歲;既往無食管、胃部手術(shù)史;未行術(shù)前輔助治療[5-6];無手術(shù)禁忌及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[7-9]。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 全胃切除組 在全麻下行根2式全胃切除術(shù),行Roux-en-Y食管空腸吻合消化道重建。
1.2.2 近端胃切除組 在全麻下行根2式近端胃切除術(shù),使用吻合器將食管與殘胃后壁行端-側(cè)吻合消化道重建。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察比較兩組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間、出血量、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)、術(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥、術(shù)后營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況、術(shù)后反流、傾倒綜合征及生存率等情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS 17.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者年齡、細(xì)胞分化程度、Borrmann分型情況比較
兩組的年齡、性別比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。全胃切除組的細(xì)胞低分化比例高于近端胃切除組,浸潤(rùn)型的比例亦高于近端胃切除組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者平均手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、平均淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況比較
全胃切除組在平均手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量高于近端胃切除組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)全胃切除組優(yōu)于近端胃切除組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);兩組術(shù)后發(fā)生早期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)后1年?duì)I養(yǎng)指標(biāo)、反流性食管炎、傾倒綜合征情況比較
兩組術(shù)后1年各項(xiàng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)指標(biāo)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);近端胃切除組術(shù)后反流性食管炎的發(fā)生率顯著高于全胃切除組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);兩組術(shù)后傾倒綜合征發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)后腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、病理分期情況比較
兩組浸潤(rùn)深度差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);兩組術(shù)后淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);兩組術(shù)后病理分期差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表4。
2.5 兩組患者術(shù)后總體5年生存率情況比較
兩組患者術(shù)后總體5年生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見圖1。
3 討論
近些年來,食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌的發(fā)病率呈逐漸上升的趨勢(shì)[10-12],目前,全胃切除術(shù)和近端胃切除術(shù)是治療SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG的兩種主要手術(shù)方式,但是對(duì)于兩種手術(shù)方式的選擇指征尚未明確[13-14]。
本研究結(jié)果表明:對(duì)于分化較差、惡性程度較高的患者更傾向于全胃切除術(shù),因之能切除全部胃組織及胃周淋巴結(jié),以減少術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)。盡管手術(shù)時(shí)間及術(shù)中出血量較近端胃切除組高(P < 0.05),但卻獲得較多的淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目(P < 0.05),并且沒有增加手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究中全胃切除組患者術(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率與近端胃切除組患者差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),這主要與手術(shù)技術(shù)的成熟、各種吻合器的應(yīng)用及空腸血運(yùn)良好有關(guān)。
外科手術(shù)是治療食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌的主要方法,行近端胃切除術(shù)患者術(shù)后多出現(xiàn)反流性食管炎,使得患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降,此種臨床現(xiàn)象越來越受到胃腸外科醫(yī)生的關(guān)注。對(duì)于近端胃切除術(shù)后并發(fā)反流性食管炎的原因,目前認(rèn)為是由于對(duì)患者實(shí)施近端胃切除術(shù)以后,破壞了患者原本的食管胃抗反流屏障的解剖結(jié)構(gòu),切斷了患者的迷走神經(jīng),使患者的殘胃失去周圍組織的固定,或者是因?yàn)榛颊叩奈钙鸩c(diǎn)被切除。根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的報(bào)道,患者行近端胃切除術(shù)后被確診為反流性食管炎的比例為20%~35%[15-16],而術(shù)后反流癥狀的發(fā)生率更高達(dá)60%~70%[17]。因此,多數(shù)專家學(xué)者對(duì)SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌主張進(jìn)行全胃切除[18-21]。本研究中近端胃切除術(shù)后反流患者的比例明顯高于全胃切除術(shù)組(P < 0.05),符合目前多數(shù)學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。本研究對(duì)比兩組患者在術(shù)后1年?duì)I養(yǎng)指標(biāo),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。一篇Meta分析[14]指出:近端胃切除與全胃切除治療食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌的術(shù)后病死率無明顯差異,而本研究中兩組患者術(shù)后5年生存率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。
綜上所述,對(duì)于SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃結(jié)合部腺癌患者,全胃切除能夠有效降低患者發(fā)生反流性食管炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),沒有增加手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,是目前SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者較為合適的手術(shù)方式。當(dāng)然上述陳述可能存在樣本量過少的問題,遠(yuǎn)期療效需進(jìn)一步評(píng)估。
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(收稿日期:2017-05-15 本文編輯:蘇 暢)
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2017年26期