梁春芳
【摘要】聽力和閱讀一樣都要獲取相關信息,并對相關信息進行加工、理解,其唯一的區(qū)別就是前者通過聽覺來獲取信息,后者通過視覺來獲取信息。我們在教學活動中,可以通過視覺上的積累和聽覺上的刺激,以及在活動過程中的感知和體會,使聽力能力得到有效地提高?,F(xiàn)就本人在教學活動中注意到的學生聽力的誤區(qū)和應注意的能力部分進行總結。
【關鍵詞】聽力 ; 誤區(qū) ; 能力
【中圖分類號】G633.41 【文獻標識碼】B 【文章編號】2095-3089(2015)15-0092-01
一、學生聽力過程中的誤區(qū)
1.聽前只看選項,不看題干。因為時間的關系,有的同學粗略的看選項,覺得選項能給自己以提示,但在聽的過程中,我們往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)三個選項都會提到,怎么辦?關鍵還在題干,與題干有關的才是相關的信息。
2.聽力填空時,思維受到局限,僅盯個別詞而錯過相關信息。例如18.When is Sarah Jones giving a talk? At about _____ oclock on Saturday evening.學生們知道這里填一個有關時間的數(shù)字并且是整點,但聽得過程中會去抓oclock這個詞,而材料中是It starts eight p.m.,因而會導致錯過重要信息。
3.試圖聽和題干或選項相同的詞,或聽到與選項部分相同的詞會毫不猶豫的選。例如:聽力材料:
M:Right, class, therere some changes to your exam timetable.Your maths exam will be changed to the next day.
W:You mean the eighteenth?
M:Yes, and the exam will start and end one hour earlier.
題干:What are the two speakers talking about?
選項:A.Exam results B.Time for the exam C.change of class hours
這道題學生會誤選C,因為其中有change class等詞,這樣學生很容易被誤導。
二、學生應具備的聽力能力
1.聽力預測能力。
⑴聽的過程中,對接下來的內容有所預測。這就要求我們要有一定的常識,如:聽力材料W: We could go to a ball game this evening.Oh,would you rather eat in the restaurant than see a film? W:To tell you the truth, I cant really go anywhere this evening, because I am expecting a very important phone call.
題干:Why will the woman stay home in the evening?根據(jù)常識,我們知道出于禮貌,她一定會解釋呆在家的原因。
⑵把題干和選項組成一個信息鏈,預測聽力的內容和主題。良好的預測能力可以降低聽力的難度。
⑶聽力填空時,對所填信息的預測,如對所填詞的詞性進行預測(有關時間,年齡等數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞、代詞、動詞等)并根據(jù)空前和空后對意思進行預測,這樣在聽出音時能做出快速反應。例如,When David attended university, his major was ____.根據(jù)題所知,這兒需要一個表科目的名詞,所以當聽到physics時,能很快做出反應。
2.聽力理解能力。
⑴詞和短語的理解。例如:If people want to join the program, what should they do after the meeting? A.Take a prsent B.Pay for the program C.Sign on a piece of paper
聽力材料:If youre interested in it,please write your name on this piece of paper after the meeting.write your name=sign.所以選C。又如:Where should Mary Clinton meet her host family?
A.In the hall B.Outside the hall C. Downstairs聽力材料:If your surname begins with the letter A to F, your host family will be waiting for you in the hall. For those names begin with G to L, you should go downstairs…要想做對這道題,材料中的surname很關鍵,它的意思是family name (姓),而且根據(jù)常識外國人的姓在后名在前,因此題干中Mary Clinton應根據(jù)第一句來選A。
⑵對句子的理解。對句子的理解常常要注意否定詞和語法結構。例如Not only was he interested,but he was attracted by the story. A.He was not interested in the story but he thought it attractive. B.He attracted the story because he was not interested.C.He was interested in the story and was attracted by it.句型Not only…but (also)不僅……而且……表并列,因此選C。endprint
⑶對上下文的理解。例如:Why does the man want to make changes in what has been written?
M:Id like to put an ad in the paper,please.…
W:Well ,the price depends on the length of the words, so if you want to use shorter words, that might save you some money.
M:Thats a good idea,I have everything written ort here, but Ill just check it over before I give it to you. Maybe I should use phrases instead of sentences.
從上下文我們得知這位男士想要做廣告,女士告訴他廣告的費用取決于字數(shù),如果使用較少的詞可以省錢,由此我們可以推斷出男士做出修改的目的是使印刷的費用更低。
3.聽力推斷能力。
⑴對數(shù)字的推斷,例如,I have been here since I graduated from Beijing University. Then I was twenty four, now I am fourty.題干:How many years have passed since the man graduated from the university?
⑵對人物關系的推斷。常見的題干:Whats the probable relationship between the speakers?例如:
M:Hello, its…it is Carol, isnt it?
W:Oh, Mile? Oh, my goodness. I havent seen you for ages.
M:Nice to see you again after all these year.
聽的過程中,我們可以注意到對方能叫出名字,但又不太確定,并且表現(xiàn)出了驚訝和感嘆,以及多年沒見,可推斷出兩者可能是老同學或校友的關系。
⑶對其它的推斷。可以從材料中的某處或多處綜合信息對其它內容進行推斷。例如,Where does the woman want to go? A. An office B. A fruit shop C.A police station
M:Hello
W:Hello, Mark. Its Jane. I think Im close to your office.
……
M:Walk ahead for about two hundred metres and our office building is right across the road.
根據(jù)首尾可推斷出這位女士想要去office
“Rome was not built in a day. (羅馬之建非一日之功)”同樣,聽力能力的提高也要循序漸進,高中生們應努力做到:1.積累大量的詞匯,并且要英漢會轉換,英英巧對應。2.每天堅持聽10分鐘左右,并反復地聽熟悉的材料。3.聽的時候注意模仿,在模仿的過程中,要注意弱讀、連讀等。4.具有良好的心理素質。聽的時候切勿過度緊張,且要有耐心。5.結合常識。我相信多聽、多感知、多總結、多體會就一定有收獲。endprint