曹中華,高鋒,高毅,康陳波,劉巖
(河南省濮陽市安陽地區(qū)醫(yī)院放射科,河南安陽455000)
MSCT用于他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效評估的可行性研究
曹中華,高鋒,高毅,康陳波,劉巖
(河南省濮陽市安陽地區(qū)醫(yī)院放射科,河南安陽455000)
目的:探討MSCT用于他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效評估的可行性。方法:選取確診的冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊患者60例,給予單一的他汀類藥物治療,在治療前、治療1年時行選擇性冠狀動脈造影檢查(SCA)及MSCT檢查,評價動脈血管狹窄情況。MSCT檢查同時評價斑塊所在位置管腔狹窄度(SE)及截面積(S)、斑塊性質(zhì)及面積、斑塊CT密度值變化,檢測治療前后血清總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)變化。結(jié)果:患者治療后TC、TG、LDL-C較治療前明顯下降,HDL-C較治療前明顯升高(均P<0.05)。以SCA為金標準,冠狀動脈狹窄節(jié)段治療前SCA檢出114個,診斷符合率89.76%(114/127);治療1年后MSCT檢出93個,診斷符合率91.18%(93/102)。SCA檢查冠狀動脈狹窄節(jié)段的診斷符合率治療前后比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。MSCT顯示治療前114個非鈣化斑塊,治療1年后斑塊數(shù)下降至93個,下降率為22.84%,治療后冠狀動脈管腔SE、S、斑塊面積均較治療前明顯下降(P<0.05),斑塊密度值較治療前升高(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效肯定。MSCT可清晰顯示斑塊治療前后變化,同時可進行準確的量化評估,是一種可行的監(jiān)測方法。
體層攝影術(shù),X線計算機;他汀類;冠狀動脈疾病;斑塊,動脈粥樣硬化性;治療結(jié)果
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病是全球常見病,病理基礎(chǔ)是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性改變,可表現(xiàn)為穩(wěn)定性斑塊及不穩(wěn)定性斑塊,鈣化斑塊相對穩(wěn)定,未鈣化斑塊穩(wěn)定性較差,易脫落形成血栓,導致腦中風。目前他汀類藥物是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化常用治療藥物,對改善預后療效明確[1-4]。本研究對MSCT用于他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效評估的可行性進行了研究,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料選取2015年1—6月我院確診的冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊患者60例,其中男32例,女28例;年齡43~78歲,平均(48.16±5.77)歲。非鈣化斑塊共127個,其中96個位于左側(cè)冠狀動脈,31個位于右側(cè)冠狀動脈;88個所在動脈管腔輕度狹窄,39個所在動脈管腔中度狹窄;其中脂質(zhì)斑塊(CT值<50 HU)35個、纖維斑塊(CT值50~130 HU)92個。納入標準:①病情確診。②無介入手術(shù)治療適應證。③自愿配合治療,有良好的治療依從性,對本研究知情同意。排除標準:①合并肝腎腦等其他重要臟器功能障礙性疾病。②治療依從性不佳,可能存在治療中斷。③妊娠期及哺乳期婦女。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療方法患者給予單一的他汀類藥物口服治療,劑量:辛伐他丁40mg/L、氟伐他汀40mg/L、阿托伐他汀20mg/d,療程1年,其中4例服用辛伐他汀,11例服用氟伐他汀,45例服用阿托伐他汀。治療期間不服用其他抗血栓、降血脂等可影響血脂及動脈斑塊性質(zhì)的藥物。
1.2.2 MSCT檢查患者在治療前、治療1年時由同一醫(yī)師行MSCT檢查動脈斑塊變化。使用GE Lightspeed 16層螺旋CT,掃描范圍上至氣管分叉、下至心臟膈面下2 cm,檢查時患者取仰臥位,足先進,經(jīng)肘靜脈注入70~80mL對比劑(碘比醇,350mgI/mL)行造影。掃描參數(shù):螺距0.25、準直器寬度0.75mm、旋轉(zhuǎn)1周0.42s,掃描時需憋氣以減少呼吸的影響。檢查結(jié)果在CT機自帶計算機系統(tǒng)中行三維重建,評價管腔狹窄度(SE)及截面積(S)、斑塊性質(zhì)及面積、斑塊CT值。
1.2.3 冠狀動脈造影(SCA)檢查患者在治療前、治療1年時行SCA檢查。采用Seldinger經(jīng)股動脈穿刺,鋼絲導引下送入7F動脈套管鞘,肝素抗凝,鋼絲直至冠狀動脈。采用目測直徑法進行動脈狹窄的評價,與CTA檢查時間間隔不超過2周。
1.2.4 血脂檢測在患者治療前、治療1年時抽取外周空腹靜脈血以酶法測定總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計軟件,計量資料采用t檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 治療前后血脂比較(表1)患者治療后TC、TG、LDL-C較治療前明顯下降,HDL-C較治療前明顯升高(均P<0.05)。
表1 患者治療前后血脂比較(mmol/L,±s)
表1 患者治療前后血脂比較(mmol/L,±s)
注:TC,總膽固醇;TG,甘油三酯;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白。
時間例數(shù)TC TG LDL-C HDL-C治療前60 5.34±0.85 4.30±0.72 3.71±1.03 1.03±0.24治療后60 4.22±0.56 1.91±0.54 2.28±0.68 1.18±0.22 t值8.52 20.57 8.97 3.57 P值<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05
2.2 治療前后2種檢查方法對冠狀動脈狹窄節(jié)段檢查結(jié)果比較以SCA為金標準,冠狀動脈狹窄節(jié)段治療前SCA檢出127個,MSCT檢出114個,診斷符合率為89.76%;治療1年后SCA檢出102個,MSCT檢出93個,診斷符合率91.18%;治療前后SCA診斷符合率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=0.01,P>0.05)。
2.3 治療前后MSCT對SE及S、斑塊面積、斑塊CT值顯示情況比較(表2)MSCT在治療前檢出114個非鈣化斑塊,治療1年后斑塊數(shù)降至93個?;颊咧委熀蠊跔顒用}管腔SE、S、斑塊面積均較治療前明顯下降,斑塊CT值較治療前升高(均P<0.05)。
表2 MSCT檢查治療前后冠狀動脈SE及S、斑塊面積、斑塊CT值比較(±s)
表2 MSCT檢查治療前后冠狀動脈SE及S、斑塊面積、斑塊CT值比較(±s)
注:SE,管腔狹窄度;S,截面積。
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臨床大量研究[5-7]顯示,冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊及血管狹窄與急性心血管事件關(guān)系極為密切,非鈣化斑塊纖維帽相對鈣化斑塊薄,同時有大量的巨噬細胞浸潤,富含有脂質(zhì),因此斑塊附著的血管內(nèi)皮易被侵蝕,引起斑塊破裂及脫落,導致心血管事件的發(fā)生。
冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊多數(shù)并不符合介入治療指征,行長期內(nèi)科藥物治療即可,如降血脂、抗血小板聚集、抗缺血等治療。他汀類藥物是臨床最常見的降血脂藥物,屬于HMG-COA還原酶抑制劑,可通過降低HMG-COA的活性及其向甲基戊酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)化而起到降血脂作用,臨床顯示他汀類藥物降血脂同時可改善血管內(nèi)皮一氧化氮水平,起到抗感染及穩(wěn)定斑塊、抗血小板及抑制血栓的作用,可通過抑制HMG-COA競爭酶的活性部位來抑制HMG-COA還原酶作用,阻礙膽固醇的合成,降低血脂水平,還有利于脂質(zhì)斑塊內(nèi)脂質(zhì)成分的改變[1-4],因此用于治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效肯定。臨床常用血脂等變化判定他汀類藥物療效,目前臨床研究更多興趣在于對斑塊大小、范圍等進行評價。SCA一直被認為是判定冠狀動脈狹窄的金標準[8-9],能準確了解管腔的狹窄程度及血流情況,但無法對斑塊的面積及性質(zhì)進行判定。血管內(nèi)超聲檢查是另一血管檢查金標準,可清晰顯示血管管腔及管壁,也能評估斑塊的性質(zhì)及穩(wěn)定性[10-13],但其為有創(chuàng)傷性,同時對血管管徑也有嚴格要求,如血管有明顯扭曲或狹窄嚴重時則無法完成檢查。本研究對MSCT用于他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效評估的可行性進行了研究,同時以SCA為金標準進行判斷,結(jié)果顯示,治療前MSCT對冠狀動脈狹窄節(jié)段診斷符合率為89.76%,治療1年后診斷符合率為91.18%,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,說明CTA判斷冠狀動脈狹窄是可行的。由于SCA無法對斑塊性質(zhì)及面積進行判定,因此對斑塊變化進行評估時采用MSCT檢查,治療后非鈣化斑塊較治療前有所減少,同時治療后冠狀動脈管腔SE、S、斑塊面積均較治療前明顯下降。本研究中斑塊CT值較治療前升高,提示部分非鈣化斑塊轉(zhuǎn)為纖維斑塊或混合斑塊,療效較肯定。
綜上所述,他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效肯定,與臨床相關(guān)報道[14-16]一致,可清晰顯示斑塊治療前后變化,以及進行準確的量化評估,是一種可行的監(jiān)測他汀類藥物治療冠狀動脈非鈣化斑塊療效的方法。
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Feasibility study on therapeutic evaluation of non-calcified coronary plaques w ith statins by multi-slice spiral com puted tomography
CAO Zhonghua,GAO Feng,GAO Yi,KANG Chenbo,LIU Yan.Department of Radiology,Anyang District Hospital,Anyang,455000,China.
Objective:To discuss the feasibility on therapeutic evaluation of non-calcified coronary plaques with statins by multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT).M ethods:Select 60 cases of confirmed non-calcified coronary plaque,treated with single statin.Selective coronary angiography(SCA)and MSCT examination performed before treatment and 1 year after treatment to evaluate arterial stenosis,MSCT examination evaluated the luminal stenosis(SE)and the cross-sectional area(S),nature and patch area,patch CT density values change in the location of plaques.Detected the serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C).Results:TC、TG、LDL-C of post treatment were less than prior treatment(P<0.05),HDL-C of post treatment was higher than prior treatment(P<0.05).Coronary artery stenosis segment had 127 with SCA inspection of prior treatment,114 with MSCT inspection of prior treatment,the diagnosis coincidence rate were 93.70%,102 with SCA inspection of after treatment,93 with MSCT inspection of after treatment,the diagnosis coincidence rate were 91.18%,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Coronary artery plaque had 114 with MSCT inspection of prior treatment,93 with MSCT inspection of prior treatment,the drop rate were 22.84%.SE,S,nature and patch area of post treatment were less than prior treatment(P<0.05),patch CT density values of after treatment was higher than prior treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Statins have definice efficacy in the treatment of non-calcified plaques of the coronary arteries.MSCT can assess the changes of non-calcified coronary plaques after statins therapy quantitatively,effective monitoring method is feasible.
Tomography,X-ray computed;Statins;Coronary artery;Plaques,atherosclerotic;treatment outcome
2016-10-23)
10.3969/j.issn.1672-0512.2017.04.009
曹中華,E-mail:anyangzhonghua@sohu.com。