陳 冰
在學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景中凸顯英語(yǔ)的文化性
陳 冰
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,接觸和了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化有益于學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)英語(yǔ)的理解和使用,英語(yǔ)教學(xué)應(yīng)凸顯文化性。教師可以創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)場(chǎng)景,引發(fā)思維開(kāi)放;鏈接學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景,促進(jìn)思維發(fā)散;開(kāi)發(fā)場(chǎng)景資源,激活思維生成。
創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)場(chǎng)景;鏈接學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景;開(kāi)發(fā)場(chǎng)景資源
語(yǔ)言有豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,接觸和了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化有益于學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的理解和使用,有益于其加深對(duì)中國(guó)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)與熱愛(ài),有益于接受屬于全人類(lèi)的先進(jìn)文化的熏陶,有益于世界意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)。那么,如何在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中凸顯文化性呢?
所謂思維的開(kāi)放,是指突破思維定式和狹隘眼界,多視角、全方位地看事物。教學(xué)中,我們可以在有意義的場(chǎng)景下呈現(xiàn)新的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,建立新舊知識(shí)的聯(lián)系,同時(shí)用開(kāi)放性的問(wèn)題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)散思維,打開(kāi)思路。
例如,譯林版《牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》5B Unit 1 A new term Part A的教學(xué)片段:
T:Su Hai and Su Yang have eight subjects this term.What about you?What subjects do you have?
T(出示本班課程表):Look, this is our timetable.How many English lessons do you have in a week?How many Maths lessons do you have in a week?
T:Lisa is an English girl.She is a student of Grade Two in a primary school.Let’s look at her timetable.Discuss her timetable.
教師提供了一個(gè)英國(guó)小學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生的課程表,并介紹英國(guó)小學(xué)的基本情況。學(xué)生對(duì)此感到很新奇,在小組討論中,他們積極參與,樂(lè)于表達(dá)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,教師滲透了英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化,創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)讓學(xué)生在創(chuàng)設(shè)的場(chǎng)景中感受異國(guó)文化,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的跨文化意識(shí)。
發(fā)散性思維是創(chuàng)造性的重要保證。教學(xué)時(shí),教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生抓住問(wèn)題的實(shí)質(zhì),借助發(fā)散性思維,尋找解決問(wèn)題的突破口,并提高學(xué)生思維的應(yīng)變性和靈活性,最終解決問(wèn)題。
例如:譯林新版《英語(yǔ)》六上 Unit 4 Holiday fun的教學(xué)
Step 1 Free talk
T:First,let’s sing a song——Month Song.
T:There are many pictures about holidays in the song.Today we are going to learn how to make a newspaper on holidays.What holiday do you know?
學(xué)生談?wù)摴?jié)日以及相關(guān)習(xí)俗,教師進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,提與節(jié)日相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,并收集學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備好的圖片和文字,為后面制作報(bào)紙做準(zhǔn)備。
Step 2 Introduce Thanksgiving.
T: Doyouwanttoknowmore about Thanksgiving?Here’s a short video.(播放視頻)
T:Now,can you say something about Thanksgiving?
S:People usually eat turkeys,pumpkin pies and apple pies.They usually watch the Thanksgivingparades and football games.
Step 3 Make a newspaper
T:OK, Thanksgiving is very important in USA,just like Mid-Autumn Festival in China.People usually have a big dinner with their families and friends.I want to make a newspaper about Thanksgiving.Who can come and help me?(請(qǐng)3個(gè)學(xué)生上來(lái)一起做報(bào)紙)
T:First,take a piece of paper.Then write down the name of the holiday.Next,paste some pictures and short passages about the holiday.At last.decorate it.It makes it beautiful.(邊講邊貼,詢(xún)問(wèn)學(xué)生的意見(jiàn),為其他學(xué)生示范)
T:OK, this is my newspaper.Would you like to make a newspaper like this?
T:Let’s choose a holiday.Look, here are six Easter Bunnies,everyone has an Easter Egg.There is a puzzle about holiday in it.You can choose one.Which one would you like?
Ghos(Halloween)Santa Claus (Christmas)Eggs(Easter) Rice dumplings(Dragon Boat Festival)Turkey(Thanksgiving) Dumplings(Spring Festival)
T:Now, discuss with your group members about this holiday and make a newspaper like this.
學(xué)生6人一組做海報(bào),教師現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo),交流。
小組討論后把所有組的海報(bào)貼在黑板上,讓每一組上臺(tái)介紹自己的報(bào)紙。
T:Thanksgiving is a day for giving thanks.
T:Let’s give thanks.I want to be the first one.I’d like to give thanks to my job,so I can be here with you , my lovely students.And I’d like to give thanks to my parents...Now,who wants to try ?
Step 4 Assign homework
本節(jié)課體現(xiàn)了如何在英語(yǔ)課堂上落實(shí) “文化意識(shí)”的目標(biāo)。教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熟悉中外的節(jié)日,在此基礎(chǔ)上制作“節(jié)日?qǐng)?bào)紙”,使學(xué)生有意識(shí)地歸納整理所學(xué)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取、整合信息的能力并擴(kuò)大他們的文化視野。在制作報(bào)紙這個(gè)真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景中,學(xué)生發(fā)散思維,互相交流,增進(jìn)了對(duì)中外文化的了解。
對(duì)話(huà)能夠促進(jìn)生成,學(xué)生在同他人的對(duì)話(huà)中,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)同自己完全不同的見(jiàn)解,而這往往會(huì)促成新的創(chuàng)造,此時(shí),學(xué)生不再只是知識(shí)的接受者,更是主動(dòng)的建構(gòu)者。
以譯林新版《英語(yǔ)》六上 Unit 5 Signs(Checkout time)為例:
T: Look at this girl.She’s Eape.Let’s know more about her.(觀看卡通,了解人物的生存環(huán)境,為之后的環(huán)節(jié)做鋪墊與過(guò)渡)
T: After the earthquake, they come to a modern city!They have troubles in the city.Let’s have a look.
T: What’s wrong with them?Let’s discuss.Think for a while,and check the answer.
S:They...
T:So they should learn more about signs.Today let’s help them know some public signs.Use “mean”to ask and answer questions.And know how to use signs.Let’s help them,Ok?
T: Here is a sign (見(jiàn)圖1).I can see a kangaroo,what can you see?What does this sign mean?
S:...
T: Look, we learnt this sign(見(jiàn)圖2), but where can we put it?
S:...
T:So, signs should be...?
S:...
T: Share your ideas.Clear,meaningful and helpful.
T: Eape designs a sign here(見(jiàn)圖3).What does this sign mean?Where can we put it?
S:This is“No cutting down trees”.It means we shouldn’t cut down trees here.I can put it in the forest.Please be good to our forest!
T: Now, let’s design your signs!
(圖1)
(圖2)
(圖3)
本節(jié)課是關(guān)于公共標(biāo)志的復(fù)習(xí)課,教師以穿越了的瘋狂原始人Eape為主線,建構(gòu)了真實(shí)、高效的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解生活中常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志,并學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)外的標(biāo)志,同時(shí)將語(yǔ)言知識(shí)置于不同的場(chǎng)景中,讓學(xué)生消化吸收,內(nèi)化為自己的知識(shí)。
G623.31
A
1005-6009(2017)49-0014-02
陳冰,南京市三牌樓小學(xué)(南京,210003)教師,高級(jí)教師,南京市英語(yǔ)學(xué)科帶頭人。