百年上清寺 重慶的“大腦中樞”

□ 文/本刊記者 楊艷

百年上清寺 重慶的“大腦中樞”

□ 文/本刊記者 楊艷

罕見老照片再現(xiàn)影像展

上清寺，重慶人每天穿梭于這里，公交車內(nèi)播報著這個站名，但關(guān)于它的由來，有些重慶人似乎卻從不知曉。重慶文史專家肖能鑄曾是小說《失蹤的上清寺》的文史顧問，他介紹，上清寺因一座寺廟而得名，隨著時間流逝，這座寺廟早已不在，如今只留下一個地名，讓后人懷念?！霸?jīng)的上清寺有大片田土、丘陵，在明朝嘉靖年間，就在今天的天壇新村與重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬口腔醫(yī)院的位置，確實有一座雄偉的寺廟，香火鼎盛?！毙だ险f，寺廟延伸到嘉陵江邊，由于地理位置優(yōu)越，船舶?？糠奖?，許多客商便來到這里安營扎寨，開始在此銷售生活物資，這里逐漸形成了一個天然的集市口岸，來往的人越來越多，便日益繁盛起來，后來人們就用“上清寺”作為這一帶的總稱，人人皆知。

戴笠公館。

晨曦初露，紫靄升騰浸潤淺藍色的天幕，路燈照亮靜謐的中山四路，成群的小鳥在枝頭展開翅膀，九園的包子在蒸籠里冒著熱氣，求精中學(xué)的晨讀鈴聲響起，教室里傳來朗朗讀書聲，文化宮里晨練的老人伸展著腰背，一列列輕軌在牛角沱縱橫交錯，劃開城市的寂靜，這就是今天的上清寺的清晨，附近的市民每天在幽靜的環(huán)境中醒來，開始新的一天……

曾經(jīng)，一個個故事在上清寺一帶上演，現(xiàn)在已成為重慶人茶余飯后的談資。因為它在這座城市里的特殊性，一場《百年上清寺》影像展于4月26日—5月14日，在上清寺中山四路展出，這場展出重拾了山城人民對上清寺的濃厚回憶和特殊情感。

據(jù)上清寺街道黨工委書記艾正兵介紹，此次展覽圖片搜集歷時多年，分別來自美國生活雜志社、英國布里斯托大學(xué)、瑞士攝影基金會、蓋蒂圖片社等國際國片機構(gòu)；中國郵政、重慶中國三峽博物館、重慶市設(shè)計院等市級公立機構(gòu)；以及民間收藏家的收藏。數(shù)百幅攝影圖片，最早可追溯到19世紀于重慶開埠時期的照片，還找尋到散落在海外的幾近丟失的圖片。這些不同時期的建筑和環(huán)境景觀讓人們看到了上清寺在時代變遷下的一次又一次“變臉”。

“對于重慶老百姓來說，雖然我們常有路過，但少有駐足之時，所以上清寺可以說是一個既熟悉又陌生的地方。這次展覽就讓我們將上清寺的記憶進行一次徹底的梳理，通過圖片影像勾勒出這一帶發(fā)展的清晰脈絡(luò)?！辈哒谷送踹h凌告訴記者，若將現(xiàn)在上清寺的區(qū)域規(guī)劃與以往作對比，嚴格來說，現(xiàn)在的上清寺其范圍相對較窄，所以此次展覽主要紀錄了早期規(guī)劃的上清寺片區(qū)。

“上清寺萌芽于開埠時期的西方教會的聚集，誕生于潘文華第一次拓城，興起于陪都時期國民政府遷址于此，解放后，西南軍政委員會的設(shè)立再次確立了上清寺作為‘重慶大腦’的歷史地位，圍繞著上清寺地區(qū)，逐漸修建起重慶市人民大禮堂、重慶市勞動人民文化宮和大田灣體育場三大主體建筑?！蓖踹h凌說，整個展覽盡管講述的是上清寺一帶，但我們從中可以看到一條濃縮的城市變遷之路。

看老圖片尋身邊古跡

上清寺，東鄰大溪溝街道，南接兩路口街道，西接大坪街道，北面嘉陵江，上清寺境內(nèi)街巷繁多，阡陌縱橫。這里有重慶主城區(qū)主要交通干道人民路、中山三路、中山四路、上清寺路、嘉陵橋路，上清寺的中心便是這數(shù)條干道的交匯處，所有故事仿佛就從此處展開，所有重要建筑圍繞它而擴散建造。然而，它是熟悉的，又是陌生的，它曾演繹了怎樣的故事，我們或許知道得太少。

“上清寺不止一百年歷史，我們在上清寺還能見到更早時期的印記，比如曾家?guī)r19號就是最好的證明。”在肖能鑄的指引下，記者來到上曾家?guī)r19號，這里與曾家?guī)r50號的周公館僅有一墻之隔，這是一棟莊嚴樸實的建筑，黑色斑駁的大門上方清楚地刻著“從善如流”4個大字，石門古風古色，乃清代舊物。肖老說：“這里在清代是一個書院，相當于私塾，后來房屋賣給了一個外國人，然后再輾轉(zhuǎn)到中國人手里，由于數(shù)位主人的更替，房子經(jīng)過不同時期的改造就留下不少中西式結(jié)合的建筑元素?！迸f時光給這棟房屋留下不同的印記，傳統(tǒng)的民居氣息滲透著海派的韻味，室內(nèi)雕有大馬士革花紋，也有中式的裝飾痕跡，幸運的是此建筑的石門保持了初建時的模樣，觀之如憶當年。

在牛角沱嘉陵江大橋下的江畔，一個約4層樓高，寬約11米的碩大石頭格外醒目，重慶人在嘉陵江邊來來往往，殊不知這塊看似尋常的石頭卻是一件珍貴文物。它形似古代官帽，所以取名“紗帽石”，石頭上鐫刻著“董公死難處”5個大字，大字面朝江面，在江對岸才能看清。據(jù)肖老介紹，董公是明代萬歷年間一位舉人，名叫董盡倫，在1621年奢崇明叛亂之時，他傾資募兵，率子弟平叛亂而殉國于重慶，后人將“董公死難處”刻于這塊石頭上，以此紀念壯烈殉國的董盡倫，紗帽石由此得名，當?shù)厝擞址Q表忠石，“石頭上還留有乾隆、光緒年等題刻，有的是吊唁董盡倫，有的是祈求董盡倫的保佑，以前還能看到‘長命’‘富貴’之類的文字，可惜因為風化嚴重，現(xiàn)在已難尋蹤跡。”

位于嘉陵江邊的紗帽石。

信息中樞 公館林立

上清寺的興盛始于潘文華第一次拓城。民國時期，那時的渝中區(qū)母城，放眼望去，滿城皆是三尺多寬的狹長步道，滑竿通行方便，但車輛通行十分不便，面對這樣的情景，當時重慶第一任市長潘文華當機立斷，大修公路，他親自規(guī)劃了主城三條公路，以渝中半島山脊為界，分中區(qū)干線、南區(qū)干線（沿長江）和北區(qū)干線（沿嘉陵江），由七星崗經(jīng)兩路口、上清寺到曾家?guī)r的中區(qū)干線，就是著名的中山大道，路面增寬了，通行車輛不再成問題，完工后就取名為中山路，并把它劃分為4段，上清寺是最后完成的，取名中山四路。

上清寺一帶在抗戰(zhàn)時期成為全國指揮中心，在無線通訊方面增設(shè)了快機報房，并首次開通英、美、蘇、印等國的國際電路15條，開辦了國際傳真和特快電報新業(yè)務(wù)。當年，無數(shù)信息從上清寺發(fā)出或發(fā)回，上清寺就像“大腦中樞”，處理著來自世界各地的信息。

“1935年，重慶市設(shè)5區(qū)22坊，上清寺就屬于其中的第三區(qū)，當時的上清寺地區(qū)就相當于一個新區(qū)，因此修建了很多精致的小洋樓和公館，成為典型的名流聚居地。”王遠凌說，當時這一帶的繁華區(qū)域逐漸由兩江沿岸向新建公路兩側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)移。抗戰(zhàn)時期，上清寺成為國民政府戰(zhàn)時首都的政府機關(guān)駐地，因此而聞名中外?？箲?zhàn)勝利后，著名的國共兩黨“重慶談判”在此進行，后來這里成為中共中央西南局駐地。毛澤東、周恩來、鄧小平、蔣介石、馬歇爾等一大批中外名人在此留下足跡，也就有了我們熟悉的桂園、怡園、美齡樓、周公館、范公館、戴笠公館等民國名人公館與故居。中山文化產(chǎn)業(yè)園總經(jīng)理張直說：“中山四路承載著整個中國近現(xiàn)代重要的歷史和文化事件的記憶，這條街道上一大批文化遺存全部原貌保留下來，非常罕見?！倍嗄陙?，中外游客、歷史愛好者紛至沓來，探尋歷史的遺跡。

名校云集 重慶現(xiàn)代教育的開端

從1937年的《國民公報》重慶市街道圖上，我們能夠看到上清寺的街道格局，這里曾是有名的學(xué)區(qū)，西南美專、重慶市人民小學(xué)、曾家?guī)r中學(xué)等都在這里匯集。

重慶求精中學(xué)退休老師曾祖才曾在求精中學(xué)讀書6年，后來回到求精中學(xué)工作了30多年，退休后又返聘回校工作，在求精中學(xué)待了長達58年之久，對求精中學(xué)的前世今生十分了解：“求精中學(xué)創(chuàng)辦于1891年，當年美國教會有一個牧師叫路易斯，他想在重慶創(chuàng)辦一所教會學(xué)校，傳播西方文化，于是在曾家?guī)r買下張氏兄弟的400畝土地作為辦學(xué)場所，取名為‘求精學(xué)堂’，他任第一任堂主，求精中學(xué)就這樣誕生了，這是重慶第一所中學(xué)。學(xué)校辦學(xué)一百多年來，為國家培養(yǎng)了大批人才，比如開國元帥劉伯承、國畫大師張大千，還有全世界聞名的水稻專家袁隆平……抗戰(zhàn)期間，宋美齡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的戰(zhàn)時兒童保育會就設(shè)在校內(nèi)?！?/p>

特園。

① 早年的求精中學(xué)。（圖片由重慶中國三峽博物館提供）

② 重慶市人民小學(xué)。

③ 早年的文化宮春秋有花展，夏天可游泳，冬天有燈會，一年四季開展豐富活動。

早年這附近有不少教會學(xué)校，1897年，由美國基督教美以美會女布道會在曾家?guī)r創(chuàng)辦淑德女子學(xué)堂。附近還有由法國圣母小昆仲會創(chuàng)辦的明誠中學(xué)。1928年，天主教重慶教區(qū)在曾家?guī)r長十二間街創(chuàng)立的明德初級小學(xué)。

在上清寺，似乎每一座學(xué)校都曾有說不完的過去，比如重慶市人民小學(xué)的前身是晉冀魯豫軍區(qū)干部子弟校，隨劉鄧大軍南下落戶上清寺，劉伯承元帥為學(xué)校命名并題寫校訓(xùn)，鄧小平同志的夫人卓琳女士任首任校長，賀龍元帥任首任董事長，1997年學(xué)校正式更名為重慶市人民小學(xué)。

在這里不得不提的還有赫赫有名的美專校街，因一所學(xué)校而得名的街道。西南美術(shù)專門學(xué)校，又名西南美專，因建街辟市，故街道取名“美專校街”，一直沿用至今。它北接上清寺，東連中山三路，瀝青路面，現(xiàn)在車水馬龍，十分熱鬧。1926年，楊公庹籌集資金，在張家花園創(chuàng)辦了“西南美?！?，他自任校長。西南美專是重慶最早的美術(shù)學(xué)府，抗戰(zhàn)時期，國畫家張聿光、音樂家沙梅、劉淑芳等名家都曾在西南美專執(zhí)教，那時的西南美專可謂桃李滿園競芳菲。正是這些早年創(chuàng)立的學(xué)校成為了重慶現(xiàn)代教育的開端。

人民的文化精神樂園

我們在展覽上能看到不少重慶市勞動人民文化宮（簡稱“文化宮”）的老圖片，這里可謂是重慶人民的精神樂園。文化宮的大門就如一扇穿越時間的門廊，走進重慶人民群眾精神文化建設(shè)與發(fā)展的歷史。

（圖片由彭世良提供）

解放后，中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展剛剛起步，廣大人民群眾的精神文化生活十分貧瘠。在此背景下，時任西南局書記的鄧小平同志提議修建重慶市勞動人民文化宮，他在提議中說道：“重慶解放了，人民生活改善了，打上了肉牙祭，這還不夠，還要讓人民打上精神牙祭?！庇谑?，1952年8月竣工的文化宮一下子打開了山城人民群眾豐富的精神文化生活。隨著擴建，文化宮逐漸開設(shè)了文化廣場、燈光球場、游泳池、露天劇場，成為文化服務(wù)功能豐富、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的群眾文化娛樂活動中心場所?！按禾煊谢ㄕ?，夏天可以游泳，秋天菊花展，冬天還可以游園，這是孩子們一年四季都可以玩的游樂中心。”曾在求精中學(xué)就讀的王遠凌說文化宮就曾陪伴他成長。從清晨到傍晚，這里的人絡(luò)繹不絕，打太極拳、跳健身操、下棋、練毛筆字……每逢重大節(jié)日，文化宮內(nèi)還會舉行形式多樣的文化活動，為人民群眾的精神文化生活增添豐富色彩。

20世紀50年代，上清寺附近有一家電影院是山城人民的又一處精神樂園—鑫樂向陽電影院。作為當時重慶市區(qū)最高檔的國有電影院，電影院門口時常門庭若市，放映廳里座無虛席。2009年鑫樂向陽電影城正式謝幕，現(xiàn)在原址已建成對市民開放的中國民主黨派歷史陳列館。雖然電影院已不在，卻承載了幾代重慶人的記憶。

體育精神的發(fā)源地

作為“大腦中樞”的上清寺，周圍修建了重慶市人民大禮堂、重慶市勞動人民文化宮、大田灣體育場，其中，大田灣體育場是重慶人民回憶上清寺時不可分割的一部分，它承載著一代重慶年輕人關(guān)于青春和足球的信仰。作為重慶體育的象征，這里曾是新中國歷史上的首座甲級體育場，是新中國第一塊用于專業(yè)比賽的標準足球場。1951年在賀龍的主持下修建，大田灣體育場以“全民義務(wù)勞動”的方式修建。1956年5月1日，體育場建成后的第一屆工人體育運動大會開幕，賀龍親自為第一場足球賽開球，這讓重慶人非常自豪。

展覽現(xiàn)場的一張巨幅設(shè)計手繪圖鋪滿整堵墻，視覺效果震撼，這是一張在當年簡陋的條件下手繪的設(shè)計圖，十分珍貴。大型體育場館在當年全國并不多，體育館設(shè)計者尹淮老先生從方案圖到施工圖，每一個環(huán)節(jié)親自負責，為此尹老趕赴國外“取經(jīng)”，而修建成功的體育場其設(shè)計理念到現(xiàn)在也毫不遜色。尹淮老先生的兒子尹元良回憶起父親和大田灣體育場的過去說：“場館的規(guī)劃設(shè)計非常先進，在當年它的出現(xiàn)不亞于我們現(xiàn)在看到的國家體育場‘鳥巢’，它的設(shè)計手法就是現(xiàn)在所說的體育公園的概念?！标P(guān)于場館的建設(shè)，尹元良重點提到排水設(shè)計：“聽父親以前講過，大田灣體育場的精巧設(shè)計在于地下布滿無數(shù)條盲溝，盲溝從下至上依次鋪有碎石、塊石、沙、土，這樣的設(shè)計可以讓球場在比賽時遭遇瓢潑大雨，地面依然能將大量雨水迅速排掉，不需中斷球賽，這樣先進的設(shè)計思想和優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計構(gòu)造讓不少業(yè)內(nèi)人士折服?！贝筇餅丑w育場的設(shè)計一度成為重慶人的驕傲。

① 大田灣體育場手繪圖。（圖片由重慶市建筑設(shè)計院提供）

② 在大田灣體育場召開的西南運動會。（圖片由重慶中國三峽博物館提供）

嘉陵江大橋的修建連通江北，為城市的拓展打開了新的空間。圖為上世紀80年代航拍嘉陵江大橋。（圖片由重慶市城市建設(shè)檔案館提供）

城市街區(qū)洋溢獨特氣質(zhì)

如今的上清寺，街道整潔、鳥語花香，環(huán)境清新雅致、優(yōu)美靜謐，形成了一種有別于重慶其他街區(qū)的獨特氣質(zhì)。綠樹成蔭的中山四路總是能吸引無數(shù)中外攝影愛好者來此拍片，生活數(shù)十年的原住民其幸福感也越來越高。上清寺的老居民田必勤在上世紀50年代就隨父母生活在這里，與上清寺有著深厚的感情，對于上清寺的每一次變化印象深刻：“以前的上清寺很破爛，雖然是重慶的重要街道，但灰塵多，一下雨街上處處是泥坑，重慶直轄后經(jīng)過這些年的建設(shè)，上清寺處處是綠樹，空氣變好了，蚊蟲也少了，住在這里猶如身處花園一樣愜意?！?/p>

上清寺就這樣機緣巧合地見證了時代的變遷，也許是少時經(jīng)歷過激蕩風云，現(xiàn)在上清寺平添了幾分淡然、儒雅沉穩(wěn)的神韻。時至今日，“最美街道”中山四路、“最美小巷”嘉西村已成為老城容光煥發(fā)的新標志，這里的城市更新工程還在繼續(xù)，上清寺保留了山城傳統(tǒng)風貌，山城老街區(qū)留住了城市鄉(xiāng)愁，它們靜靜講述著市井余韻，生活其中的老百姓也享受著舒適平靜的安樂生活。

（本文所有圖片經(jīng)活動方授權(quán)使用，版權(quán)歸原作者所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載。）

Rare old photos appeared on a photo exhibition

A photo exhibition, named Hundred-year Shangqing Temple, was displayed at Zhongshan Road No.1,Shangqing Temple during April 26-May 14. This show also has helped the people in Chongqing to recollect their strong memories and special emotions toward this temple.

Hundreds of photos showed in this exhibition,among which could be traced back to the opening of Chongqing Port in 1890s. Some photos, which are almost entirely lost and were stranded in abroad, were found to join this exhibition. Those buildings in new or old style and landscape in photos present the changes of Shangqing Temple in different ages to people.

For the common people in Chongqing, Shangqing Temple is familiar as well as unfamiliar. We get there often but most of time we just pass through the roundabout there. By those photos in this exhibition,Shangqing Temple in our memory can be thoroughly combed to a clear structure. Wang Yuanling, curators of this exhibition, told journalists that comparing the old planning area of Shangqing Temple Street, strictly speaking, this area now is relatively narrow in scope.For that reason, this exhibition mainly covered the Shangqing Temple in early planning.

Finding historical sites around us by enjoying

those old photos

Since getting this name, Shangqing Temple has been experiencing hundred years. But this temple has witnessed marks of earlier times, and Zengjiayan No.19 is a prime example. Being the historical consultant of novel, The Missing Shangqing Temple,Xiao Nengzhu, a Chongqing-based expert in literature and history, guided journalists to the Zengjiayan No.19.This place is an academy of classical learning in the Qing Dynasty, just like an old-style private school.Later, it was sold to a foreigner and passed through many hands or places to a Chinese finally. With the changes of owners and their alterations in different times, Shangqing Temple became a special building with elements integrated Chinese and Western culture.

Under the Jialing River Bridge, there is a huge rock with near four-story high and 11 meters wide standing by the bank of Jialing River beside the Niujiaotuo Station. This rock is called headgear stone because it is familiar in form of an ancient government of fi cials’headgear. There are five Chinese characters carved on that stone, which means His Excellency Dong died here. By the introduction of Mr. Xiao, His Excellency passed the second-degree examination in the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty, and his full name is Dong Jinlun. In 1621, when She Chongming , a chief in Sichuan province, started a rebellion toward theCentral Government in that time, Dong Jinlun spent all his money in recruiting soldiers to fi ght against this rebellion and died in Chongqing. Later generations carved his name on this stone to memorize his feats of dying for his motherland. So this is the story of this stone’s name.

Shangqing Temple was named by a temple. As time goes on, this temple disappeared and later generations only remembered this building from the left place name. Mr. Xiao said, this temple stretched to the bank of Jialing River and enjoyed a convenient location to port. With many customers coming here to make a stockade, this gradually grew up a natural port with market. Later, people used Shangqing Temple as a general name of this area and it was known to all of people.

As a center of information with a forest of

mansions

Introduced by Wang, the flourishing of Shangqing Temple should trace back to the fi rst city expansion by Pan Wenhua, fi rst mayor of Chongqing. He personally projected three roads through the main city, the main line from Qixinggang to Zengjiayan via Lianglukou and Shangqing Temple, the famous Zhongshan Avenue.This plan aimed to widen roads for several times, which is convenient for cars passing through those roads.

During the period of the war of Resistance against Japan, Shangqing Temple represented the headquarters of the wartime capital of the Nationalist Government and became famous at home and abroad.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, famousChongqing Negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China also was held in this place which has become the Southwest Bureau of CPC Central Committee. A large number of Chinese and foreign celebrities like Mao Zedong, Zhou Enla,Teng Hsiao-ping, Chiang Kai Shek, Marischal left their footprints here. They also left many mansions and former residence like Guiyuan, Yiyuan, Meiling Building, residence of Mr. Zhou and Mr. Fan, Daili Mansion.

During the period of the war of Resistance against Japan, the area of Shangqing Temple has become the National Command Center. In wireless communications, we have set up special rooms for stop-press news and firstly opened 15 international circuits linking to foreign countries like the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Soviet Union, and India as well as international fax and express telegram. With the increasingly bombing by Japanese military planes, Chongqing telegraph and communication center was gradually transferred to underground air raid shelters in Douzibei and Xietaizi.

As the beginning of Chongqing modern education,Shangqing Temple area represents a concentration of elite universities

From the street map of Chongqing printed in National Communique in 1937, we can clearly see the setup of Shangqing Temple. This area also represents a famous school district with College of Fine Arts in Southwest,People’s Primary School in Chongqing and Zengjiayan Middle School.

Founded in 1891, Qiujing Middle School was established by Louis, a clergyman of American Church.He wanted to establish a mission school to spread western culture. So he bought 400 acres of land from the Zhang brothers in Zengjiayan as a place to run school, named Qiujing School. As the first middle school in Chongqing, when Louis took the place of the first principal, Qiujing Middle School was born.After hundred years, this middle school has cultivated a large number of talented people like Liu Bochen,Marshal of the RPC, Zhang Daqian, Chinese painting master, Yuan Longping, world-famous rice expert.During the period of the war of Resistance against Japan, Childcare Association in wartime led by Song Qingling was set in there.

There were many mission schools around this area.In Zengjiayan area, a school named Shude Female School was founded in 1897 and was established by the female association of the Methodist Episcopal Church from Christianity in the United States in Zengjiayan area. Qiming School, namely Mingcheng Middle School, was established by the Marist Brothers.In 1928, Catholicism in Chongqing established Mingde Primary School in Changshierjian Street in Zengjiayan,namely the Twelve Primary School in Zengjiayan.During the period of the war of Resistance against Japan, schoolhouses were used for other purposes and this school was renamed to Zengjiayan Primary School in 1951.

In this area, it seems that any school has endless history. College of Fine Arts in Southwest built its own street and market. So this street was named “Fine Arts School Street” and this name is still used today.College of Fine Arts in Southwest is the earliest art schools in Chongqing. During the period of the war of Resistance against Japan, famous experts like Zhang Yuguang, Chinese painting master, musicians likeSha Mei and Liu Shufang, have taught here. these early schools became the beginning of modern education in Chongqing.

A gathering point of urban cultural activity

Many old pictures of the Working People’s Cultural Palace in Chongqing can be seen in this exhibition. After the liberation of Chongqing, considering that our economy was at the stage of start and people’s spiritual and cultural life was still poor. For that reason,completed in August 1952, the Working People’s Cultural Palace in Chongqing suddenly opened up the rich spiritual and cultural life of the people in the mountain city. With the further expansion, it has opened Cultural Plaza, lighting court, swimming pool, cinema,open-air theatre, library and photography department, which has became a center for mass cultural activities featuring rich functions and beautiful environment.

In 1950s, a cinema, named Happiness and Sunshine Cinema,in Shangqing Temple, represented another spiritual paradise for people in Chongqing. Such supreme cinema was a big cultural landmark in the area of Shangqing Temple. But this cinema was formally closed in 2009 and its former site has become the historical exhibition hall of Chinese democratic parties. This cinema has now not existed, but it also carried Chongqing’s memory in several generations.

The birthplace of sportsmanship

As a center, Shangqing Temple is surrounded by many constructions like Great Hall of the People in Chongqing, the

Working People’s Cultural Palace in Chongqing and Datianwan Stadium. As a symbol of sports in Chongqing, it was the fi rst class stadium in the history of new China and the fi rst standard soccer fi eld for professional competitions in new China.

Design manuscript of Datianwan Stadium which is overspread the whole wall also can be seen in this exhibition. This precious manuscript belongs to Yin Hui, designer of this stadium, who sketched it by himself in the rough conditions of that year. The technology then is in no way inferior to that today. Yin Yuanliang,the son of Yin Hui and a professor in Sichuan Fine Arts Institute,remembered the past between father and this stadium, and mainly pointed out the drainage design. The elaborate design of Datianwan Stadium lies on its underground drainage system. There are numerous blind drains under the stadium. The blind ditch is covered with crushed stones, and the crushed stones are covered with block stones. The block stones are covered with crushed stones and sand as well as soil. In such design, even if the game suffered heavy rain, there is no need to halt the game because such drainage design can drain a lot of rainwater. Many people in the industry admire such advanced design ideas and excellent design structure.

Datianwan in League A gained much attention because of the matches inside and the sporting goods industry outside as well as Chongqing taste food like noodles, hot pot and large stall. After more than 10 years, this place is still thriving and has become the gourmet palace in hearts of many gastronomes.

Coincidentally, Shangqing Temple has witnessed the change of the times while such experiences in early stage give a calm and elegant charm to this temple.

(All pictures in this article are authorized by the organizer; the copyright is owned by the original author, and it shall not be reprinted without authorization.)

Hundred-year Shangqing Temple,
A Center to Recollect the Memory of Chongqing

□ Article / Journalist Yang Yan