卡爾德斯德蒙特維蔬果園中灌溉系統(tǒng)的復(fù)興

卡爾德斯德蒙特維蔬果園中灌溉系統(tǒng)的復(fù)興

Recovery of the Irrigation System at the Thermal Orchards in Caldes de Montbui

水是生命，久而久之，人類對(duì)水的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)管理演變?yōu)樘囟ǖ木坝^，而這些景觀又成為了水的空間形態(tài)表達(dá)。在傳統(tǒng)城市中，城市及周邊區(qū)域的大部分活動(dòng)都由水主導(dǎo)或參與其中，加深了人們對(duì)城市與土地間關(guān)系的理解。參考E.A.里格利（E.A. Wrigley）[1]所 述，這種關(guān)系形成了一種有機(jī)生產(chǎn)模式，公民作為水的使用者，通過(guò)自我管理和日常生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)來(lái)發(fā)揮積極作用，從而因地制宜地使用資源。水曾經(jīng)被視為公共物品，它既是一種社會(huì)資源，也是一種文化資產(chǎn)，因此市民懂得如何正確地用水。

1999年科學(xué)家拉雷多（Naredo）和巴萊羅（Valero）[2]提出，自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，城市系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展及城市系統(tǒng)與其領(lǐng)土的脫節(jié)制約著我們與水的關(guān)系。人們對(duì)于水的管理方式已經(jīng)從社區(qū)直接使用的模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭姓媚Ｊ?，這意味著水具有成為私人商品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[3]，這導(dǎo)致水和使用者之間的直接聯(lián)系被切斷。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，水資源管理模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐孕枨鬄楸镜南到y(tǒng)管理，使用者在其中扮演著被動(dòng)的角色。因此，傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐漸變得過(guò)時(shí)而被人們遺忘。社區(qū)開(kāi)始被剝奪控制水資源的能動(dòng)性，使得社區(qū)意識(shí)衰退，水逐步從社區(qū)中消失[4]。

1 俯瞰蔬果園和新水池Overview of the vegetable gardens and the new pool

然而，如果我們從系統(tǒng)性和綜合性的角度來(lái)理解水資源管理，就有可能將傳統(tǒng)管理視作一種非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。除了其物質(zhì)層面，這種遺產(chǎn)包含了當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)及其物理、文化、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)特性，因此使得資源有機(jī)管理成為可能[5]。這是一種重要的模型，可以用以改變當(dāng)前城市社會(huì)的新陳代謝方式[6]。

城市邊緣區(qū)域灌溉用水的管理模式將這種非物質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)引向農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域。在許多城市及其邊緣區(qū)域，農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉是一項(xiàng)歷史悠久的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)，可以保障家庭的糧食供給，促進(jìn)城市的自給自足。由于生產(chǎn)的可追溯性，當(dāng)?shù)貓@藝產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量得到了保證，農(nóng)民日常實(shí)踐和傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的傳承也得以促進(jìn)[7]。由于生產(chǎn)的非機(jī)械化及非工業(yè)化，亦不需要機(jī)動(dòng)交通，這種近距離生產(chǎn)還促進(jìn)了低能耗的城市食品模式的發(fā)展。

因此，如前所述，水遺產(chǎn)管理也是社區(qū)日?；顒?dòng)。如果不努力恢復(fù)社區(qū)的參與，就難以改善對(duì)水和農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域的管理。 發(fā)揮利益相關(guān)者在資源管理中的積極作用為復(fù)興公共文脈提供了機(jī)會(huì)[8]。

基于此理論框架，以下開(kāi)始介紹蔬果園中灌溉系統(tǒng)復(fù)興的實(shí)踐。該項(xiàng)目位于一片叫做低地花園（Hortes de Baix）的邊緣地帶。歷史上該區(qū)域一直作為農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉空間而存在，占地3.7hm2，是毗鄰巴塞羅那的溫泉古鎮(zhèn)—卡爾德斯德蒙特維的核心。然而隨著20世紀(jì)城市的發(fā)展，這片久負(fù)盛名的田園景觀正經(jīng)歷著來(lái)自環(huán)境變遷與社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的雙重壓力，灌溉系統(tǒng)的水源污染、游覽途徑的缺失以及農(nóng)業(yè)人口的瓦解與消失讓該區(qū)域走向難以避免的衰落。

蔬果園過(guò)去是由溫泉中溢出的泉水和流入灌溉渠的城區(qū)降水所澆灌。這條灌溉渠道由將近3m高的石墻組成，它是灌溉系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分。但是隨著城市的發(fā)展，水道逐漸被掩埋，同時(shí)大量來(lái)自城市中心的污水流入其中。這條水道已成為一個(gè)開(kāi)敞的下水道。惡臭氣味和不雅景象不僅威脅著園藝生產(chǎn)，也降低了公眾可接近性。幸而這種情況喚起了公眾的重視，水作為公共財(cái)產(chǎn)和非物質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)的載體需要重新融入人們的生活。

2 蔬果園的軸測(cè)圖和主要建造細(xì)節(jié)Axonometry of the vegetable gardens and details of the main built operations.

3 歷史條件分析與項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃Analysis of Historical condition and the plan of project.

市政公共空間委員會(huì)發(fā)起該項(xiàng)目，并為改造該項(xiàng)目發(fā)表了地方倡議。市議會(huì)希望該項(xiàng)目重建水系統(tǒng)，清潔灌溉水源，引流廢水，并讓其成為城市的一個(gè)重要部分。設(shè)計(jì)建議：開(kāi)放私人都市園藝作為新的公共空間，促進(jìn)食物的自給自足; 整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程將與農(nóng)業(yè)組織和利益相關(guān)者保持緊密的聯(lián)系，讓他們真正參與到設(shè)計(jì)中; 推廣傳統(tǒng)水資源管理作為物質(zhì)與非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的寶貴意義，讓居民認(rèn)識(shí)其重要性。

4 用于儲(chǔ)存和冷卻溫泉水的新水池，柳樹(shù)形成自然的柵欄New pool to accumulate and cool thermal water and living willow creating a natural fence

通過(guò)基于社區(qū)的參與性調(diào)查，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)高效地完成了前期研究。該方法論（參與式研究行動(dòng)- IAP）來(lái)源于弗萊雷教育學(xué)[9]。很多學(xué)者均就此進(jìn)行過(guò)探討，領(lǐng)域內(nèi)主要文獻(xiàn)包括福斯·博達(dá)（Fals-Borda，1991）、懷特（White）和佩蒂特（Pettit，2004）以及萊德維特和斯普林格特[10]的著作。

參與式方法論常用于傳統(tǒng)的政治領(lǐng)域，但值得一提的是它也適用于景觀領(lǐng)域的框架優(yōu)化[11]。因此，這是一種可以幫助人們理解多方需求，同時(shí)保證環(huán)境平衡的方法[12]。

在整個(gè)過(guò)程中，通過(guò)與農(nóng)業(yè)組織的合作，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了私人溫泉中水資源管理的漏洞，決定將其多余的水量與溫泉浴場(chǎng)的多余水量一并引入水系統(tǒng)中用作灌溉水源。蔬果園灌溉水的缺乏并不是因?yàn)闇厝?yīng)的短缺，而是由于水資源管理不善。在項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始時(shí)，每天自然流出的1 000m3水中有2/3在被私人溫泉使用后直接排放到河流中，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行滯留、補(bǔ)給或冷卻等再利用處理。

在兩年的參與式行動(dòng)研究中，社區(qū)的灌溉協(xié)會(huì)也逐漸恢復(fù)生機(jī)。在不改變現(xiàn)存灌溉系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)管理方式的基礎(chǔ)上，他們可以依據(jù)社區(qū)情況適度采取干預(yù)措施。該項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)了93 881歐元并創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)市政就業(yè)計(jì)劃。日常維護(hù)由灌溉社區(qū)協(xié)會(huì)承擔(dān)，而重要問(wèn)題由市政府統(tǒng)籌。

該項(xiàng)目的第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是制定規(guī)劃：復(fù)興園藝社區(qū)，以鞏固其組織結(jié)構(gòu)、個(gè)人權(quán)利，有效地管理溫泉水資源。在此意義上，社區(qū)管理者通過(guò)建立灌溉協(xié)會(huì)進(jìn)行授權(quán)，從而對(duì)這些資源、蔬果園的物理空間和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行集體管理。

第二個(gè)目標(biāo)是通過(guò)整合理論知識(shí)和當(dāng)前技術(shù)（基于資源管理的城市生態(tài)學(xué)策略）[13]，從理解傳統(tǒng)的資源管理入手，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)的城市設(shè)計(jì)，在調(diào)節(jié)城市社會(huì)新陳代謝的同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)。

第二個(gè)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)包括兩個(gè)階段：首先，通過(guò)對(duì)灌溉系統(tǒng)和人行道的可持續(xù)性管理提高場(chǎng)地的可達(dá)性。其次，作為社區(qū)主導(dǎo)過(guò)程的一部分，為保證供水，將來(lái)自溫泉的剩余水資源進(jìn)行回收利用，用以灌溉蔬果園。為此設(shè)計(jì)建造了一個(gè)新的公共水池，用以儲(chǔ)存和冷卻溫泉水。池子與現(xiàn)存的灌溉系統(tǒng)相連接，利用重力將水源輸送到各個(gè)角落，而無(wú)需引入任何機(jī)械設(shè)備。生活污水被導(dǎo)流至下水系統(tǒng)，一條全新的小徑順著更新改造后的主灌溉渠延伸，將城市與農(nóng)田連接到一起。位于石墻之內(nèi)的小路讓灌溉系統(tǒng)古樸的外觀得以完整地保留下來(lái)。

花崗巖石頭、陶瓷手工磚、手動(dòng)閘門、鐵絲網(wǎng)和圍欄，這一切都使園藝文化中質(zhì)樸的自我建構(gòu)特質(zhì)愈發(fā)凸顯。而柳樹(shù)作為溫泉文化傳承的符號(hào)，被栽植到了這片場(chǎng)地之中。最后，建立一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，利用在浮動(dòng)花園上種植水生植物的過(guò)濾方式，無(wú)需額外的液體振蕩過(guò)程，即可吸收殘留的有機(jī)物質(zhì)。

5 新水池細(xì)節(jié)展示，由易維護(hù)的混凝土建造，用于儲(chǔ)存和冷卻溫泉水Detail of the new pool to accumulate and cool thermal water built with concrete to allow an easy maintenance

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)從政治、生產(chǎn)力與公眾性三方面最終評(píng)價(jià)本項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值。第一，政治：政府承諾提升區(qū)域形象及地位，并通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期扶持，最終創(chuàng)建一個(gè)迄今為止從未成立過(guò)的園藝協(xié)會(huì)。這保證了灌溉區(qū)域的自治管理、內(nèi)部規(guī)則的建立、與市議會(huì)的溝通、歷史遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)以及對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)刂R(shí)的世代傳承。第二，生產(chǎn)水平：獲得清潔水有利于有機(jī)耕作的實(shí)踐，同時(shí)可以增加灌溉回流。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的銷售也將成為本地旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)中的支柱。最后是公眾層面：蔬果園成為一個(gè)公共開(kāi)放空間，提升了這片農(nóng)業(yè)空間的辨識(shí)度、內(nèi)涵與教育性。

全新的社團(tuán)合作模式與生態(tài)策略也要求設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)作為調(diào)節(jié)者和觀察者，從不同的領(lǐng)域引入創(chuàng)新性的概念并與各種各樣的合作者協(xié)同合作，幫助設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域交流、溝通并做出決策。

項(xiàng)目位置：卡爾德斯德蒙布伊（巴塞羅納）

項(xiàng)目類型：公共空間和參與項(xiàng)目

設(shè)計(jì)總監(jiān)：瑪塔·塞拉·珀曼亞（Cíclica事務(wù)所），埃琳娜·阿爾芭蕾達(dá)·費(fèi)爾南德斯(Cíclica事務(wù)所)，霍爾迪·卡爾貝多·奧多瑪（CAVAA事務(wù)所）

建筑師：瑪塔·塞拉·珀曼亞（Cíclica事務(wù)所），埃琳娜·阿爾芭蕾達(dá)·費(fèi)爾南德斯(Cíclica事務(wù)所)，霍爾迪·卡爾貝多·奧多瑪（CAVAA事務(wù)所）

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)：卡爾德斯德蒙布伊蔬果園園藝協(xié)會(huì)，阿萊克斯·瑞法—水利工程師，華金姆·阿卡斯和阿德里亞·馬?。–íclica事務(wù)所），艾索索西爾，阿庫(kù)達(dá)帕佐斯，維沃斯泰爾和克羅斯

施工團(tuán)隊(duì)：本地團(tuán)隊(duì)

業(yè)主單位：卡爾德斯德蒙布伊市政廳

協(xié)助單位：公共空間顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)（卡爾德斯德蒙布伊市議會(huì)），公共占用規(guī)劃小組

項(xiàng)目面積：3.7hm2

造價(jià)：93 881歐元

項(xiàng)目起始及建成時(shí)間：2013年5月—2015年9月

獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)：2016年歐洲城市公共空間獎(jiǎng)；2017年Bauwelt獎(jiǎng)；入選2016年FAD獎(jiǎng)；入選2016年羅莎·芭芭國(guó)際景觀獎(jiǎng)；入選2017年歐盟歐洲建筑密斯凡德羅獎(jiǎng)

圖片來(lái)源：圖1、4～11?阿德里亞·古拉；圖2、3、13? CICLICA，CAVAA；圖12?何塞·托斯頓

翻譯：張希

校對(duì)：唐彧瑋

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（編輯/劉藍(lán)藍(lán)）

6 用于儲(chǔ)存和冷卻溫泉水的新水池，柳樹(shù)形成自然的柵欄New pool to accumulate and cool thermal water and living willow creating a natural fence

Water is life, and the landscapes generated by its social and productive management are their spatial expression over time. In the traditional city, water carried out most of the urban and periurban activities, allowing the city to be understood in relation to its territory. Referring to E.A.Wrigley (1987) this relationship is based on an organic productive model where the citizens had an active role as users of water through everyday life practices of self-management and production, adapting the use of this resource to its availability in its territory. Water used to be a public good and citizens knew how to deal with it since it was a social resource, a cultural asset.

The scientists Naredo and Valero stated in 1999 that the growth of urban systems and their disconnection with its territory has conditioned our relationship with water since the industrial revolution. Its management has changed from a model where the communities were using it directly, to a public municipal model risking becoming a private commodity (Guardia et al., 2011). That caused a disconnection between water and users that, together with economic development, leaded the users to adopt a passive role which turned the management model into a demand-based system. Thus traditional infrastructures became obsolete falling into a process of oblivion. Water has been "stolen" from the community, a community deprived of agency and affected by the loss of sense of community (Hardy and Ward 1984).

However if we understand water management from a systemic and integrated point of view, it is possible to read the traditional management as an intangible heritage. Beyond its material dimension this heritage recognizes the traditional knowledge and its physical, cultural, social and economic representation that enabled an organic management of resources (Laureano 1995) which means a key model to transform our current urban social metabolism (Fischer-Kowalski and Hüttler 1999).

The management of water to irrigate the periphery of the city extends the intangible heritage of water to the agricultural activity itself. This is an age-old traditional activity in many urban and periphery spaces that guarantees food sustenance to many families, allowing the city to be more selfsufficient. Local horticultural products produced in those spaces do not only stand out for the traceability of their production as a guarantee of their quality but also trigger the preservationof farmer’s daily practices and their traditional knowledge (Vidal and Prades 2013). This proximity production also fosters an urban food model of low consumption connected to fossil energies, either because of the non-mechanization or industrialization of production, or because it does not require motorized transportation.

7 用于儲(chǔ)存和冷卻溫泉水的新水池，就像種植大型水生植物的浮動(dòng)花園，植物可以凈化水質(zhì)New pool to accumulate and cool thermal water and phytotreatment with macrophytes planted on floating gardens

So, as we pointed out before, management of water heritage is community daily practices as well. Working to improve the management of water and agricultural areas is not possible without working towards the reactivation of the community. Recovering the active role of stakeholders involved in resource management opens up the opportunity to recover public memory (Hayden 1995).

Within this theoretical frame, we introduce the project developed by the authors of this paper. The project is located in a peripheral land called Hortes de Baix (low gardens). Hortes de Baix is an historical space of irrigation consisting of 3.7Ha annexed to the main core of the village, Caldes de Montbui, a thermal city founded by romans in the metropolitan region of Barcelona. This space has suffered the gradual environmental and social degradation of its landscape. This particular process of peripheral landscapes of the twentieth century is here mainly caused by the water pollution of a local stream that supplies the irrigation system, a lack of security of accessibility to the space and the breakdown of the irrigation community.

These vegetable gardens were historically watered with the surplus of thermal washing places and the stream rainwater that poured into the main irrigation canal. This canal, formed by stone walls almost 3m high, is the main element of the irrigation system. But with urban growth the stream was covered and poured much of the sewage from the urban center. The canal has become an open sewer. This has caused health risk for the horticultural production as well as for its public accessibility (extreme bad odors and visual effect). The limited availability of clean water triggered the claim for water as a public good asset, as a heritage to reintegrate into the citizen imaginary.

The project was born within the municipal Public Space Board, which gives voice to local initiatives to improve it. The City Council commissioned the assignment to solve the needof more clean water for irrigation, to channel the wastewater open flow and to facilitate accessibility from the city center. We proposed: to recover the private horticultural landscape as a new public space that encourages food self- sufficiency; to codesign the process with the irrigation community and stakeholders; and to recognize the key value of traditional water management as a tangible and intangible heritage.

The intervention is developed through participatory action research, a community-based participatory research. The common way of naming this methodology (participatory researchaction - IAP) comes mainly from the Freireanpedagogy (Freire 1972). Different authors have developed this concept and the main literature on this field refers to Fals-Borda (1991), White and Pettit (2004) and Ledwith and Springett (2010).

8 新的道路可以提高該區(qū)域的可達(dá)性，使蔬果園成為一個(gè)公共開(kāi)放空間New walkway to improve access to the area allowing the vegetable gardens to become an open public space

9 新的道路可以提高花園的可達(dá)性，提升這片農(nóng)業(yè)空間的辨識(shí)度、內(nèi)涵與教育性New walkway to improve access to the gardens to promote recognition, inclusion and education of the agrarian space

Participatory methodologies allow performing the conventional political sphere, but especially they enable awareness for the transformation of perceptual frameworks of the landscape (Lakoff 2007). Thus, we propose tools which facilitate this change of perspective (Cuchí et al., 2010), another approach which is essential for a proper transformation and balance of the environment.

Throughout this process and together with the gardeners, we detected an inadequate management of the water surplus from private thermal spas poured into the stream. So we proposed to reuse it for irrigation as well as the surplus water from thermal washing places. The lack of thermal water in the orchards did not respond to a shortage in thermal water supply but to an inadequate management of this resource. At the time that the project began, two-thirds of the 1,000m3of water that outcrop every day in a natural way were discharged to the river once they have been used by the private spas, without having spaces of retention, compensation or cooling for their reuse.

For two years of participatory action research, the irrigating community was recovered and empowered to agree on some bounded interventions without altering the existing irrigation system or its social management. The project was executed with 93,881€ and a Municipal Employment Plan. The maintenance is taken over by the irrigation community and eventual problems are managed by the municipality.

The first goal of the project is to propose a plan to reactivate the community of gardeners in order to consolidate their structure, representation and commitment to efficiently manage the thermal water resource. In this sense, the community of irrigators has been empowered by creating an association to collectively manage the resources and the physical space of the orchards and their infrastructures.

On the other hand, the second goal is to promote a sustainable urban design from the understanding of the traditional management of resources by using the knowledge and the current technical possibilities (strategies of urban ecology based on the management of resources -Bettini et al., 1996) to respond to social and environmental challenges while mobilizing the urban social metabolism.

This second goal has been developed through two stages: the sustainable management of the irrigation system and the walkway to improve accessibility. As part of the community-driven process, the surplus of water from thermal spas was recovered to irrigate orchards ensuring water supply. For that, a new public pool is built there to accumulate and cool thermal water. From there, we keep and recycle the existing irrigation system to deliver flooding turns by gravity operation, avoiding introducing any new mechanized device. Wastewater is channeled to the sewage collector allowing recovering the existing main canal with a new walkway to improve access to the area. This is supported inside the stone walls to not alter the canal traces appearance.

The presence of elements from horticultural self-construction identity is enhanced: granite stones, ceramic handmade bricks, manual floodgates, wire meshes and fences. We reintroduce live willow, formerly used to make willow baskets heated by thermal water. Finally, an innovative pilot system is developed: phytotreatment with macrophytes planted on floating gardens, to absorb residual organic material without altering the pool’s oscillation condition.

10 縱覽新水池、蔬果園和主要干旱區(qū)域Overview of the new pool, the vegetable gardens and the main drought

The results of the project allow evaluatingthe project at three levels. First, the political: The Government has committed itself to dignify this place and to the long and intense participation process that culminates with the creation of a gardeners association hitherto nonexistent. A board with commissions is created to ensure self-management on the irrigated space, the establishment of internal rules, the communication with the city council, the visibility of its historical heritage and the necessary intergenerational transfer of local knowledge. Second, the productive level: obtaining clean water allows the practice of organic farming and increases irrigation turns. In the long term visitors would be expected to consume the cultivated products. And finally the civic level: the vegetable gardens become an open public space, promoting recognition, inclusion and education of the agrarian space.

The new community and ecological approach also challenged our architecture team to assume the role of mediators and observers by searching for innovative references from other fields by integrating external collaborators. This has allowed us to develop new tools of decision-making, to rethink the communication of the technical issues of the project.

11 灌溉渠使用該地區(qū)常用的陶瓷手工磚建造，連接主要干旱區(qū)域與新水池Detail of the bypass channels that connect the main drought with the new pool built with ceramic handmade bricks commonly used in the area

12 灌溉社區(qū)的參與性行動(dòng)研究Participatory action research with the irrigation community

13 灌溉社區(qū)的參與者Irrigation community

Location:Caldes de Montbui (Barcelona)

Type:Public space and participation project

Design Principals:Marta Serra Permanyer (Cíclica [space · community · ecology]), Elena AlbaredaFernández (Cíclica [space · community · ecology]) and Jordi CalbetóAldomà (CAVAA)Project Architects:Marta Serra Permanyer (Cíclica [space · community · ecology]), Elena AlbaredaFernández (Cíclica [space · community · ecology]) and Jordi CalbetóAldomà (CAVAA)

Project team:Gardeners Association of the Hortes de Baix de Caldes de Montbui, AleixRifà - hydraulic engineer, Joaquim Arcas and Adrià Martin (Cíclica), Esocalsl, Aquadipòsits,ViversTer and Pont de Querós

ConstructionTeam: Plad'ocupació local

Client:Caldes de Montbui Town Hall

Assistance:Public Space Advisory Board (Caldes de Montbui City Council) and Public Occupancy Plan

Site Area:3.7hm2

Cost:93 881€

Start/end: May 2013/September 2015

Awards:European Prize for Urban Public space 2016; Bauwelt award 2017; Selected in FAD Adwards 2016; Selected in Rosa Barba international landscape prize 2016; Selected in EU Mies Van DerRohe award for European architecture 2017

Photography:Fig. 1/4-11?AdriàGoula; Fig. 2/3/13? CAVAA, Cíclica; Fig. 12 ?Jose Tostoneone

Translator:ZHNAG Xi

Proofreader: TANG Yu-wei