荷蘭埃曼市政廳廣場(chǎng)

拉茨及其合伙人景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

荷蘭埃曼市政廳廣場(chǎng)

拉茨及其合伙人景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

埃曼市（Emmen）是荷蘭德倫特省的一座小城，目前，其市中心的重新設(shè)計(jì)已全部完成。全新的市政廳廣場(chǎng)（Raadhuisplein）占地面積約26 400m2，是埃曼市最大的公共開(kāi)放空間之一，其優(yōu)越的地理位置與極具魅力的景觀不僅為城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)契機(jī)，也將提升公共服務(wù)水平與居民生活質(zhì)量。

場(chǎng)地過(guò)去被一條橫穿的人行天橋所割裂，到處充斥著雜亂無(wú)章的設(shè)計(jì)元素，內(nèi)部交通方式以機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)為主。而現(xiàn)在的廣場(chǎng)視野開(kāi)闊，設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，只允許步行者、自行車(chē)和運(yùn)輸車(chē)輛通行。廣場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)使用了高品質(zhì)的材料、可持續(xù)的建造方法及包容性的設(shè)計(jì)理念。目前，這個(gè)廣場(chǎng)及其周邊區(qū)域（包括現(xiàn)有的混合用途建筑、新市政廳前廣場(chǎng)、咖啡館、餐廳、商店、新建的劇院和動(dòng)物園）已成為該城市的“活力心臟”。

在這里，人們可以自由地穿行，并且隨處都可以找到休息停留的地方，同時(shí)廣場(chǎng)大面積的硬質(zhì)鋪裝也為人們提供了多種多樣的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。天然石材鋪地、濃密的樹(shù)冠、鑲嵌式花園、水景、連續(xù)的日光休憩平臺(tái)及燈光這六大標(biāo)志性景觀元素，在廣場(chǎng)內(nèi)部隨處可見(jiàn)，這使得人們一進(jìn)入廣場(chǎng)，便可以感受到獨(dú)特的景觀氛圍。

主要設(shè)計(jì)手法：剛?cè)岵?jì)

設(shè)計(jì)將穿越場(chǎng)地的道路和停車(chē)場(chǎng)移至地下，并移除貫穿南北的人行天橋，使得廣場(chǎng)東側(cè)的硬質(zhì)景觀與西側(cè)的公園景觀融為一體，形成一個(gè)過(guò)渡于城市與自然之間的現(xiàn)代城市公園景觀。

維林廣場(chǎng)（Willinkplein）商業(yè)綜合體的延伸部分形成了廣場(chǎng)南側(cè)清晰的邊界，廣場(chǎng)西側(cè)劇院和動(dòng)物園則突出了文化和休閑氣氛。

市政廳廣場(chǎng)適應(yīng)了當(dāng)代需求，將設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)由滿(mǎn)足人們的共同需求轉(zhuǎn)向促進(jìn)不同社會(huì)群體的復(fù)雜互動(dòng)。廣場(chǎng)明朗的景觀和易于管理的空間滿(mǎn)足了所有使用群體的期望。

1 總平面圖Site plan

暖色的木材和波光粼粼的水面一柔一剛，將城市中貿(mào)易與行政、文化與娛樂(lè)的功能完美融合。廣場(chǎng)的硬質(zhì)石材鋪裝上點(diǎn)綴著植物，作為各種建筑和綠島的連接空間，創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)全新的城市開(kāi)放空間。

天然石材鋪地

花崗巖石板覆蓋了廣場(chǎng)的整個(gè)硬質(zhì)區(qū)域，統(tǒng)一的鋪裝材料和東西兩側(cè)的統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)增加了廣場(chǎng)的尺度感，營(yíng)造了開(kāi)敞的空間效果。

花崗巖的肌理和多變的色調(diào)營(yíng)造了溫暖高雅的景觀氛圍。水渠、臺(tái)階和日光平臺(tái)的部分表面也使用了花崗巖材料，從而增強(qiáng)新廣場(chǎng)的統(tǒng)一性和可識(shí)別性。

樹(shù)冠

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰圖Bird's-eye view

廣場(chǎng)上的樹(shù)木與西側(cè)樹(shù)林融為一體，看似隨意地散植在廣場(chǎng)各處，卻又根據(jù)現(xiàn)狀條件而布置。在保留現(xiàn)有植被類(lèi)型的基礎(chǔ)上，增植夏櫟、無(wú)刺美國(guó)皂莢、北美白樺、奧地利黑松、重瓣甜櫻桃等新樹(shù)種，賦予廣場(chǎng)獨(dú)特的景觀風(fēng)格。這些樹(shù)木的樹(shù)冠形成了廣場(chǎng)的第一植被層。

鑲嵌式花園

較低的第二植被層由觀賞灌木組成，布置在市政廳前的大型花壇中和隧道入口的頂部。

裝飾性灌木、多年生花卉、高比例開(kāi)花草本植物和常綠草本植物的混合種植構(gòu)成了鑲嵌式花園的第三植被層，形成了廣場(chǎng)全年浪漫動(dòng)人的植物景觀。

在維爾特墻（Weiertwand）和日光休憩平臺(tái)（Sun Deck）間設(shè)有一個(gè)私密花園區(qū)。草地上種植著低矮的常綠綠籬，花卉、彩葉及隱芽植物共同構(gòu)成了該區(qū)域的季節(jié)性觀賞亮點(diǎn)。

水景

不同形式的水景塑造了廣場(chǎng)的中心景觀，形成了集美妙的水聲、波光粼粼的水面和觸覺(jué)體驗(yàn)為一體的廣場(chǎng)景觀，并建立了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。

水池北側(cè)種植著裝飾性的水生植物，營(yíng)造了更加自然的景觀。這里所有的雨水和泵抽取的水都將經(jīng)過(guò)收集、過(guò)濾，再返回到水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中。

經(jīng)過(guò)一座小橋，水池轉(zhuǎn)換成一條沿著中央漫步道的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的水渠，它將市政廳廣場(chǎng)同劇院和動(dòng)物園連接起來(lái)。供運(yùn)輸車(chē)輛通行的寬闊橋梁將水渠與劇院前廣場(chǎng)的淺水面分開(kāi)。在石材鋪就的緩坡路面上，淺水面的水深已降至15cm，平靜的水面上倒映著天空、植物和周?chē)慕ㄖ娙按驖窳耸匿伒?，模糊了淺水面的邊界。當(dāng)該場(chǎng)地用作露天劇場(chǎng)使用時(shí)，水將被排干，石材鋪地可作為舞臺(tái)或者看臺(tái)。

日光休憩平臺(tái)

日光休憩平臺(tái)作為極具辨識(shí)度的獨(dú)特元素，同水景一起共同作為廣場(chǎng)的中心連接元素和主景之一，為人們提供了休息、閑坐或躺下曬太陽(yáng)的場(chǎng)所。

平臺(tái)的起始端是一個(gè)寬型長(zhǎng)凳，后沿中央漫步道逐漸延展為廣場(chǎng)中心漂浮的木質(zhì)平臺(tái)。

廣場(chǎng)上布置了帶有靠背和扶手的不同高度的座椅，滿(mǎn)足了市民以及殘障人士的不同需求。

照明

遵循簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)原則：

3 西北夜景鳥(niǎo)瞰Night time overview from northwest

4 中心廣場(chǎng)上的水面、水道和日光平臺(tái)Central square with water surface, channel and sundeck

5 中心廣場(chǎng)上的水面、水道和日光平臺(tái)Central square with water surface, channel and sundeck

與隨意排布的樹(shù)木一樣，垂直照明燈沿廣場(chǎng)邊緣自由布置，而廣場(chǎng)的中心則布置有線型和其他類(lèi)型的效果燈：燈光巧妙地勾勒出水面的邊緣，為使用者提供游覽引導(dǎo)，卻不會(huì)影響廣場(chǎng)空間的開(kāi)放性，燈光下的噴泉也顯得更為亮麗奪目。日光休憩平臺(tái)從下方被照亮，在月光下猶如浮雕一般，懸在廣場(chǎng)之上。

市政廳廣場(chǎng)的特色空間福瑞丁（Vreding）公園

在市屬森林（Gemeentebosje）附近，林蔭樹(shù)形成了一個(gè)濃密的綠色空間，一側(cè)與城市廣場(chǎng)相呼應(yīng)，另一側(cè)與開(kāi)放景觀相聯(lián)系。

福瑞丁公園為各個(gè)年齡階段的人群提供不同的活動(dòng)空間，其中包括一個(gè)兒童游戲場(chǎng)、一個(gè)下沉的為滑板愛(ài)好者設(shè)置的滑板道和碗狀滑板場(chǎng)、樹(shù)蔭下供人休憩娛樂(lè)的緩坡草坪、漫步道和可將景色盡收眼底的濱水長(zhǎng)凳。市政廳廣場(chǎng)對(duì)面的草坪變?yōu)樽匀恍钏?，并沿廣場(chǎng)的西側(cè)邊界形成水渠景觀。

市政廳周邊環(huán)境（先前的市政廳廣場(chǎng)）

市政廳前廣場(chǎng)是一個(gè)開(kāi)放且極具魅力的空間，可供無(wú)障礙通行。天然石材鋪地一直延伸至建筑，圓形花壇上種植著裝飾性的小樹(shù)。

6 孩子們?cè)谒婧蛧娙嫠ids playing on the water surface with fountains

汽車(chē)只有在獲得特別許可時(shí)才能通過(guò)，如舉辦婚禮等。民政登記處（Trouwpaviljoen）被裝飾性花壇所圍繞，凸顯著這個(gè)地方的花園特性。這種特性一直延伸到西部隧道出口上方的一處開(kāi)闊空間中，構(gòu)成了福瑞丁公園的北部邊界。人們可以在這片場(chǎng)地中閑坐下來(lái)，觀看孩子們嬉戲，年輕人可以在滑板場(chǎng)跑上跑下，盡情玩耍。

維爾特廣場(chǎng)（Weiertplein）

隨著小商店和咖啡館等建筑立面更新的完成，這個(gè)繁忙的步行街區(qū)逐漸開(kāi)始吸引游客的到來(lái)。這里一年四季都可以舉辦集市及各種活動(dòng)，暖色的木質(zhì)平臺(tái)為人們提供了休息與觀賞的場(chǎng)所，人們可以在這里參與各種各樣的活動(dòng)，觀賞多彩的花壇，體驗(yàn)水面清涼、放松的氛圍。

劇院廣場(chǎng)

劇院前廣場(chǎng)為人們提供了一片開(kāi)放空間：東側(cè)巧妙地漸變?yōu)槠届o的淺水面，西側(cè)則成為動(dòng)物園入口處的顯著標(biāo)志。這里是一個(gè)理想的聚會(huì)場(chǎng)所，場(chǎng)地?fù)碛兄鞣N各樣的可能性，比如可作為溜冰場(chǎng)（圣誕節(jié)期間）、小型露天劇場(chǎng)，或把寬闊的劇院通道作為露天舞臺(tái)，舉辦一場(chǎng)精彩的表演。這里是城市和新遷動(dòng)物園 (Dierenpark)之間最具吸引力的部分。

維林廣場(chǎng)（Willinkplein）

維林廣場(chǎng)位于市政廳廣場(chǎng)的最南端，購(gòu)物中心和未來(lái)超市的主入口、地下車(chē)庫(kù)的出口以及無(wú)數(shù)的小商店都坐落于此，這里成為了不同用途空間碰撞、交融與分離的場(chǎng)所。

（編輯/張?chǎng)┚?邵珊珊）

項(xiàng)目位置：荷蘭埃曼

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人：B·范·登·阿科爾，L·魏德曼

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：拉茨及其合伙人景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所，蒂爾曼·拉茨

合作方：杰溫·格魯貝爾，丹妮拉·斯特拉文斯基，克斯廷·坦薩勒

國(guó)際競(jìng)賽時(shí)間：2013年1月—2013年3月

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2013年5月—2014年4月

項(xiàng)目施工時(shí)間：2014年9月—2015年5月

投入使用時(shí)間：2015年5月26日

項(xiàng)目面積：3hm2

所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)：2017優(yōu)秀綠色設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)

2016德倫特建筑獎(jiǎng)（評(píng)委會(huì)獎(jiǎng)&公眾選擇獎(jiǎng)）

攝影：迪奧·貝然德

翻譯：遆羽欣

校對(duì)：張希

The city centre of Emmen, a town in the Dutch province Drente, has been redesigned completely. With 26 400 square metres the new Raadhuisplein (Town Hall Square) has become one of Emmen’s largest public open spaces. Its attractive location and appearance will involve economic development and improvement of public services and public life.

Formerly dominated by cars, dissected by a traversing footbridge and cluttered with rather randomly set elements, the square is now an open and clearly structured space for pedestrians, cyclists and only delivery, which complies with the demands on high quality materials and sustainable construction methods as well as with a strong commitment for inclusive design. Together with the existing mixed use buildings, the pepped up frontages of the renewed town hall, the cafes, restaurants and shops, the new theatre and the newly built zoo, the square has turned into the vibrant heart of a coherent urban environment.

The generous layout of hard surfaces allows for a multitude of activities and events. People can move in all directions and find many and varied possibilities to stay. When entering the square, they get the immediate feeling to be on Raadhuisplein, due to six characterizing elements which can be found all over the site: a carpet of natural stone, a tree canopy, garden inlays, water features, the continuous sundeck and the lighting.

Connecting Hard to Soft—Main Design Interventions

Thanks to the relocation of through road and parking into the ground below and the removal of the Traverse, north and south, the “hard-scape” in the east and the landscape in the west can grow together and form a modern urban “park-scape”on the transition of city and nature.

The planned Zuidblock—an extension of the Willinkplein business complex—will form a new clear edge in the south, while the theatre and the zoo give the square a culture-oriented and leisureoriented emphasis to the west.

The Raadhuisplein responds to contemporary demands, away from a consensus society to complex interaction which cultivates community at a respectful distance. It offers well visibleand socially manageable spaces which meet the expectations of all user groups.

7 看向維爾特廣場(chǎng)時(shí)的貯滲池塘Retention pond with view to Weiertplein

8 看向市政廳時(shí)的貯滲池塘Retention pond with view to town hall (Raadhuis)

Warm timber and glistening pools of water link “hard” and “soft”, trade and administration, culture and recreation. A stone-paved carpet interspersed with vegetation frames and connects the heterogeneous building development and the landscape islands and creates a completely new urban open space.

Natural stone carpet

Granite slabs cover the “hard” areas up to the facades. The consistency of the surface and the design from east to west enlarge the plaza’s dimensions and create a generous spatial impression.

Inclusions and different color shades enhance the granite’s warm and noble appearance. It is also used for runners, steps and the mineral parts of the sun deck in order to support a consistent identifying aspect of the new Raadhuisplein.

Tree canopy

9 水道與中央漫步道Water channel and central promenade

The trees seem to come from the communal grove in the west and to settle down in the various “rooms” of the square in a casual way, but reacting with their actual position on the underground conditions. The existing types of vegetation are complemented by new species which give the square its own individual character, including Quercus robur, Gleditsia inermis, Betula papyrifera, Pinus nigra ‘Austriaca’, Prunus avium ‘Plena’. Their canopy forms a first vegetation layer.

Garden inlays

A second much lower layer is formed by ornamental shrubs which are inserted into the larger flower beds in front of the town hall and on top of the tunnel entrances.

A hardy mix of decorative shrubs, perennials and grasses with a high percentage of flowering and evergreen species has been added to the threedimensional structure of the garden inlays. It gives the Raadhuisplein all year round an appealing almost romantic face.

An intimate garden area has been placed between the facades of the Weiertwand and the Sun Deck. Fields of grasses are structured by low-growing evergreen hedges and are highlighted seasonally by flowers, the colours of the leaves and geophytes.

Water

10 黃昏時(shí)的日光平臺(tái)Sundeck at dawn

Water in different forms is shaping the central“Plein”. It introduces the beauty of its sounds and its glistening surface as well as further haptic qualities to the square and forms a self-contained cycle.

In the northern part the pond, planted with decorative water plants, seems to be of more natural kind. Here all the rainwater and pumped water are collected. The water gets filtered and then returned into the water cycle.

Beyond a small bridge the pond has merged into a long channel which follows the central promenade and connects the Raadhuisplein with the theatre and the zoo. A broad bridge built for delivery vehicles separates the channel from the shallow water surface on the Theaterplein. On the slightly inclined stone paving the water depth has diminished to 15 cm. The edges are blurring by the play of water fountains and emphasize the beauty of the wet stones. The smooth surface reflects the sky, the plants and the buildings around. For openair theatre the water gets drained off and the stone surface can be used for a stage or tribune.

Sun Deck

11 貯滲池塘和游戲場(chǎng)Retention pond and playground

12 水面、日光平臺(tái)及后面的游戲場(chǎng)Water surface with sundeck and playground in the back

13 場(chǎng)地中的輪滑者Skaters in the bowl

14 水道夜景效果，尼克·埃文克的雕塑作品和阿凡達(dá)燈光Night time impression of water channel with sculpture by Nick Ervinck and avatar lighting

15 水面夜景效果，尼克·埃文克的雕塑作品Night time impression of water surface with sculpture by Nick Ervinck

16 夜景效果，維林廣場(chǎng)的日光平臺(tái)和花壇Night time impression of the willinkplein with sundeck and flower bed

Together with the water the Sun Deck forms the central connecting element and one of themain attractions, as a unique element with a high identification effect. Being both separating and unifying it invites people to rest, to sit or just lie in the sun.

Starting with a generous bench along the central promenade it enlarges to a floating wooden deck in the core of the Raadhuisplein.

Various seating heights with backs and armrests in certain areas are offering a choice and welcome all sorts of people inclusive handicapped ones.

Lighting

The guideline is simplicity:

Along with the casual arrangement of the trees, the vertical lights are freely placed along the edges of the Raadhuisplein, whereas the square’s central part gets staged with linear and effect lighting: The edges of the water surfaces are subtly illuminated, thus providing orientation without interfering with the openness of the space, whereas the fountains become glowing torches in the dark. The Sun Deck is illuminated from below, thus appearing like a floating sculpture in the moonlight.

Particular Spaces of the Raadhuisplein Vreding Park

In the immediate vicinity of the Gemeentebosje the tree canopy is still dense and forms an intensive green space being in a direct dialogue with the urban square on the one side and the open landscape on the other.

Vreding Park offers room for all ages—a playground for the kids, a skating rink in a “sunken”part of the park offering Street and Bowl for all generations of skaters, slightly sloping lawns in the light shadow of trees for rest and recreation, paths for walking and benches along the water with a great panorama view. Opposite Raadhuisplein the lawns turn into the naturally looking retention pond, and along the western edge into the shallow water surface of the channel.

Surroundings of the Town Hall (former Raadhuisplein)

The space in front of the Raadhuis has an open, inviting and barrier-free character. The natural stone carpet extends to the building, in its centre a group of decorative small trees in a round flowerbed.

Cars are allowed only with a special permission, for example in case of a wedding. The civil registry office (Trouwpaviljoen) is embedded in a decorative flowerbed which gives this special situation an individual garden character. It continues to the west with a broad distance space on top of the tunnel exit, which frames at the same time the northern edge of Vreding Park; A perfect place for sitting and watching the kids play or the youngsters run and jump in the skate rink.

Weiertplein

A busy pedestrian area accompanies the renewed facades of the Weiertwand with its little shops and cafés and invites the visitors to stay. Markets and all sorts of events can take place on the extensive stone carpet throughout the year, with the warm wood of the sun deck providing convenient place for resting and watching; an excellent possibility to enjoy at the same time the vibrant activities on the Plein, the colorful flowerbeds and the cool and relaxing atmosphere around the water surface.

Theaterplein

In front of the theatre the square offers a generously laid out open space whose eastern part merges subtly into the smooth water surface while the western part changes as an architectural highlight and landmark into the entrance to the zoo. It is the ideal meeting point and provides a variety of possibilities such as an ice-rink around Christmas, a small open-air cinema or a play using the wide opening of the theatre passage as a stage. It forms the most attractive part of the main connection between the city and the relocated new zoo (Dierenpark).

Willinkplein

The southernmost part of the Raadhuisplein, Willinkplein Zuid, rather serves as a place where different uses meet, coming together and apart again—like the main entrance of the shopping mall and the future supermarket, the exits of the underground garages and numberless small shops.

Place:Emmen, Netherlands

Projectmanagers: Mr. B. van den Akker, Mr. L.Veldman

Landscape Architecs:Latz + Partner Landschafts Architekten Stadtplaner Tilman Latz

Collaborators:Gerwin Gruber, Daniela Strasinsky, Kerstin Tnzler

International Competition:Jan-March 2013

Project:May 2013 — April 2014

Realization:September 2014- May 2015

Site Area: 3 hectares

Inauguration:2015-05-26

Awards:Green Good Design 2017 Award, Drentse Architectuurprijs 2016 (jury award &public choice award)

Photographer:Theo Berends

Translator: TI Yu-xin

Proofreader:ZHANG Xi

Raadhuisplein, Emmen, Netherlands

Latz + Partner Landschafts Architekten