梅晨雪,王恩銘揚(yáng),林連捷,孫 妍,譚 悅,王東旭,鄭長(zhǎng)青*
益生菌治療炎癥性腸病與幽門(mén)螺桿菌陽(yáng)性率的相關(guān)性分析
梅晨雪1,王恩銘揚(yáng)2,林連捷1,孫 妍1,譚 悅1,王東旭1,鄭長(zhǎng)青1*
目的 評(píng)估應(yīng)用益生菌治療炎癥性腸病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)與幽門(mén)螺桿菌(H.pylory,Hp)陽(yáng)性率的關(guān)系。方法 益生菌療法采用雙歧桿菌乳桿菌三聯(lián)活菌片,主要包括雙歧桿菌1×107CFU/g,保加利亞乳桿菌1×106CFU/g和嗜熱鏈球菌1×106CFU/g。100例IBD患者分為UC(潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎,Ulcerative colitis)組和CD (克羅恩病,Crohn′s disease)組,每組50例,另有30例健康志愿者為對(duì)照組。UC組和CD組每日給予相同劑量三聯(lián)活菌片(0.5 g/片,4片/次,2次/d),并在3個(gè)月內(nèi)不間斷給藥。如未出現(xiàn)癥狀加劇或需要額外治療,則在用藥當(dāng)日及用藥3個(gè)月后對(duì)臨床癥狀進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并在用藥前后同時(shí)測(cè)定三組Hp陽(yáng)性率。結(jié)果 UC組和CD組各有47例參加本研究,共計(jì)94例。用藥3個(gè)月后,UC組Mayo評(píng)分顯著下降(4.02±2.18 vs.7.66±1.83,P<0.01),其中有效40例,無(wú)效7例,有效率為85.11%,治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)(CRP、ESR、Hb、Ab)比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。CD組Mayo評(píng)分顯著下降(4.26±1.78 vs.7.38±1.61,P<0.01),其中有效38例,無(wú)效9例,有效率為80.85%,治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)(CRP、ESR、Hb、Ab)比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。應(yīng)用益生菌治療后,UC組和CD組的Hp陽(yáng)性率均顯著升高(80.85% vs.57.45%,57.45% vs.36.17%,P<0.05),但治療后兩組的Hp陽(yáng)性率均低于對(duì)照組(80.85% vs.90%,57.45% vs.90%)。結(jié)論 對(duì)于不同類(lèi)型的炎癥性腸病患者,益生菌可以改善炎癥指標(biāo)并有效緩解臨床癥狀,但幽門(mén)螺桿菌陽(yáng)性率與益生菌療效呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
益生菌;潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎;克羅恩?。谎装Y指標(biāo);幽門(mén)螺桿菌
炎癥性腸病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是具有結(jié)腸炎癥性黏膜損傷特征的一類(lèi)慢性、自發(fā)性、反復(fù)性腸病,并在患病過(guò)程中伴隨著反復(fù)的緩解和復(fù)發(fā),主要包括潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(Ulcerative colitis,VC)和克羅思病(Crohn′s disease,CD)。IBD的發(fā)病原因尚未清楚,臨床上主要使用柳氮磺胺吡啶、美沙拉嗪和生物制劑等治療IBD。近年來(lái),益生菌療法在治療UC過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)出良好的有效性和安全性,使得這種方法被人們廣泛接受。益生菌通常是指能夠提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)并改善腸道菌群平衡的一類(lèi)活性菌。動(dòng)物結(jié)腸炎實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,在引起結(jié)腸炎的眾多原因中,腸道菌群的平衡穩(wěn)定起著重要作用[1]。在敲除IBD易感性基因或是轉(zhuǎn)基因的小鼠試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),常規(guī)條件下培養(yǎng)的小鼠會(huì)感染IBD,而無(wú)菌條件下培養(yǎng)的小鼠則不會(huì)出現(xiàn)致病性,說(shuō)明腸道菌群的改變可以引起IBD[2]。因此,益生菌治療可以用于改善腸道菌群[3],并有益于IBD的治療。幽門(mén)螺桿菌(H.pylori,Hp)是一類(lèi)彎曲或螺旋鞭毛的革蘭陰性微需氧菌,與人類(lèi)共存已有5 000多年的歷史[4-5]。自1984年首次發(fā)現(xiàn)以來(lái)[6],Hp被認(rèn)為是引起胃炎、消化性潰瘍和胃癌的主要因素[7-8]。本研究采用回顧性分析的方法,探討益生菌治療IBD的有效性及對(duì)Hp陽(yáng)性率的影響。
1.1 臨床資料 來(lái)自中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科的IBD患者共計(jì)100例,其中94例完成本研究,6例因其他原因退出。其中UC患者47例,男31例,女16例,平均年齡(41.17±7.82)歲,平均患病時(shí)間(3.28±1.17)年;CD患者47例,男34例,女13例,平均年齡(40.33±6.49)歲,平均患病時(shí)間(3.23±0.98)年。另選擇30例健康志愿者,男16例,女14例,內(nèi)鏡及其他檢查均正常,并滿足4周內(nèi)未服用過(guò)益生菌或其他相似的藥物。所有病例均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病學(xué)分會(huì)炎癥性腸病協(xié)作組在2012年制定的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9],且滿足Mayo評(píng)分>5分的輕度至中度患者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①嚴(yán)重心臟病患者;②重度腎病患者;③低血壓患者;④敗血癥或肺炎等重度感染期患者;⑤血紅蛋白指標(biāo)過(guò)低(低于10 g/dL),同時(shí)排除短期內(nèi)使用過(guò)6-巰基嘌呤、咪唑巰嘌呤和環(huán)孢霉素等免疫抑制劑的患者以及孕期婦女。
1.2 治療方案 采用雙歧桿菌乳桿菌三聯(lián)活菌片(金雙歧,內(nèi)蒙古雙奇藥業(yè)股份有限公司),主要成分為雙歧桿菌1×107CFU/g,保加利亞乳桿菌1×106CFU/g和嗜熱鏈球菌1×106CFU/g。每組每日給予相同劑量三聯(lián)活菌片(0.5 g/片,4片/次,2次/d),并在3個(gè)月內(nèi)不間斷給藥。如未出現(xiàn)癥狀加劇或需要額外治療,則在用藥當(dāng)日及用藥3個(gè)月后觀察臨床有效性(Mayo評(píng)分),檢測(cè)CRP、ESR、Hb和Ab各項(xiàng)炎癥指標(biāo),UC組和CD組用藥采用相同規(guī)格及批號(hào),對(duì)照組不用藥。
1.3 檢測(cè)方法和療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 三組患者在用藥當(dāng)日及用藥3個(gè)月后,通過(guò)胃鏡取出胃液后迅速送檢驗(yàn)科進(jìn)行快速尿素酶檢測(cè)。UC組和CD組在用藥后Mayo評(píng)分下降3分以上可評(píng)定益生菌治療為有效。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件,治療前各組炎癥指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的比較采用單因素方差分析,Hp陽(yáng)性率比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn);藥物治療前后,同組炎癥指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)及Mayo評(píng)分變化應(yīng)用配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。相關(guān)系數(shù)r<0.4為弱相關(guān)關(guān)系,0.4≤r<0.7為中等相關(guān)關(guān)系,r≥0.7為強(qiáng)相關(guān)關(guān)系。
2.1 治療前后各組臨床效果比較 UC組有效40例,無(wú)效7例,治療后Mayo評(píng)分顯著下降(P<0.01);CD組有效38例,無(wú)效9例,治療后Mayo評(píng)分顯著下降(P<0.01),且治療后UC組與CD組Mayo評(píng)分比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 治療前后Mayo評(píng)分比較(例)
2.2 治療后炎癥指標(biāo)變化 UC組治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)CRP、ESR、Hb、Ab比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r>0.7)。CD組治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)CRP、ESR、Hb、Ab比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),且存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r>0.7)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)比較
注:與對(duì)照組比較,**P<0.01;與治療前比較,△△P<0.01
2.3 用藥前后各組Hp陽(yáng)性率比較 應(yīng)用益生菌治療后,UC組的Hp陽(yáng)性率升高(P<0.05),且存在相關(guān)關(guān)系(r>0.7);CD組的Hp陽(yáng)性率升高(P<0.05),且存在相關(guān)關(guān)系(r>0.7)。治療前,對(duì)照組Hp陽(yáng)性率高于UC組和CD組(P<0.05),且UC組高于CD組(P<0.05);治療后,對(duì)照組Hp陽(yáng)性率高于CD組(P<0.05),且UC組高于CD組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組雖略高于UC組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
表3 治療前后Hp陽(yáng)性率比較
注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05;與CD組比較,#P<0.05。
IBD是一種嚴(yán)重影響結(jié)腸功能的慢性非特異性疾病,雖然其發(fā)病原因尚不清楚,但多項(xiàng)研究表明,遺傳、環(huán)境、腸道菌群穩(wěn)定性的改變和免疫應(yīng)答異常等多種因素相互作用可能導(dǎo)致IBD的發(fā)生[10-11]。
目前IBD的治療仍以經(jīng)典藥物為主,在一些重癥的IBD患者中,也會(huì)使用甾體類(lèi)藥物緩解病癥。甾體類(lèi)藥物雖可以有效緩解臨床癥狀,但療效不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持穩(wěn)定。此外,為了獲得更好的臨床效果而大劑量使用甾體類(lèi)藥物,往往會(huì)使患者產(chǎn)生多種嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)。柳氮磺胺吡啶、美沙拉嗪、生物制劑和免疫抑制劑的使用可以緩解臨床病癥[12],但并不完全有效。因此,當(dāng)以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間為治療目的時(shí),臨床醫(yī)師急需安全有效且具有良好順應(yīng)性的緩解療法。
近年來(lái),益生菌療法因其安全性和有效性被更多的醫(yī)療工作者應(yīng)用到IBD的臨床治療中[13]。研究表明,活躍期的UC患者其腸道菌群存在異常的菌株,但鮮有研究闡明腸道菌群與Hp感染之間是否有確切關(guān)系[14-16]。有研究表明,患者在接受常規(guī)療法后無(wú)效或無(wú)法忍受治療所帶來(lái)的不良反應(yīng),隨后在4周內(nèi)給這些輕度至中度的患者使用益生菌療法,結(jié)果表明,益生菌療法可以改善臨床癥狀和內(nèi)窺鏡的檢查結(jié)果,并通過(guò)改善腸道菌群的平衡情況使病情得到有效的緩解。有報(bào)道,益生菌治療還可以保持療效的穩(wěn)定性,減少?gòu)?fù)發(fā)[17]。
本研究結(jié)果表明,益生菌療法可以明顯改善腸道炎癥狀況。使用益生菌治療之前,受試者M(jìn)ayo評(píng)分均≥3分,而應(yīng)用益生菌治療后,94例患者中有41例Mayo評(píng)分<3分;治療后炎癥指標(biāo)發(fā)生顯著改變,且存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r>0.7),與對(duì)照組的炎癥指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著差別。有研究表明,丁酸作為腸內(nèi)上皮細(xì)胞中能量的主要來(lái)源,可以誘導(dǎo)直腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡以及控制腸上皮細(xì)胞的變異。此外,丁酸鹽被證實(shí)還可以抑制核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF-κB的活性,具有抗炎特性[18-20]。在難治性結(jié)腸炎患者中丁酸鹽的有效性通常較低。丁酸鹽的抗炎作用引起一些學(xué)者的關(guān)注,有研究證明了在活動(dòng)期的IBD患者中丁酸鹽的有效性以及作用機(jī)制[21-24]。
先前的研究中評(píng)估了三聯(lián)活菌片緩解IBD患者臨床癥狀的有效性,在應(yīng)用三聯(lián)活菌片治療后,UC組和CD組的Mayo評(píng)分均有所下降,從而改善了IBD患者的臨床癥狀,這與糞便中丁酸鹽濃度下降所引起的結(jié)果保持一致[17]。在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,UC研究人員對(duì)10例活動(dòng)期的IBD患者以及12例穩(wěn)定期的IBD患者進(jìn)行丁酸鹽灌腸實(shí)驗(yàn),以測(cè)定其呼吸率變化,結(jié)果表明,高度活動(dòng)的IBD患者其丁酸鹽的利用率顯著下降[25-26]。以上的研究結(jié)果表明,丁酸鹽的流失可能是導(dǎo)致IBD復(fù)發(fā)的原因之一。在先前的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)中,只接受美沙拉嗪治療的患者其癥狀緩解的比例約為61%,這個(gè)結(jié)果與只給安慰劑治療的對(duì)照組的復(fù)發(fā)率(56.6%)較為相似[27]。
益生菌結(jié)合常規(guī)治療藥物治療活動(dòng)期IBD患者的方法因其有效性和安全性被廣泛認(rèn)可。近十年來(lái),大量的科研人員將精力投入在益生菌治療的有效性上[28]。多項(xiàng)研究表明,諸如VSL#3[29-31]、BIFICO[32]、E.coli Nissle 1917[33]等益生菌以及GBF[34]、BGS[35]等益生元可以有效緩解IBD患者的病癥以及減少?gòu)?fù)發(fā)的可能性。Mallon等[36-37]等表明,盡管益生菌不能使癥狀得到緩解,但益生菌結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)療法可以保持療效的持久性。Sang 等[38]應(yīng)用Meta分析的方法,闡述益生菌療法并不能顯著改善臨床癥狀,但可以在很大程度上保持用藥后癥狀緩解的狀態(tài)。
流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,炎癥性腸病在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更為普遍,且Hp陽(yáng)性率較低,而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家Hp感染率較高[14]。例如,一個(gè)小規(guī)模的研究顯示,UC患者Hp感染率較低[39]。此外,在Hp流行地區(qū),患者在根除Hp后,其UC的發(fā)病率顯著提高[40]。23個(gè)研究的Meta分析顯示,Hp可以保護(hù)IBD患者,避免其癥狀進(jìn)一步發(fā)展[41]。即使研究的異質(zhì)性和發(fā)表的偏倚性可能會(huì)對(duì)Meta分析的結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響,仍有多項(xiàng)研究顯示,Hp感染與UC病情發(fā)展之間存在負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系[42],并且與IBD中另一個(gè)亞型CD也呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系[43],這與本研究結(jié)果一致。
綜上所述,益生菌對(duì)IBD有很好的療效,并能顯著緩解臨床癥狀。在治療前后對(duì)患者炎癥指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析有助于提高益生菌療法的有效性。已在小鼠試驗(yàn)中證實(shí)Hp可以使腸道免受IBD的進(jìn)一步侵害,但此動(dòng)物模型是否適用于人類(lèi)還有待考證。腸道細(xì)菌紊亂和感染可能是導(dǎo)致IBD發(fā)生的重要因素,相關(guān)研究顯示,Hp也可能是誘導(dǎo)IBD發(fā)生的原因之一,這為探索IBD的發(fā)病機(jī)制提供了新的道路,也為特效藥物的出現(xiàn)提供新的希望。
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Analysis of the relationship between probiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and positive rate of helicobacter pylori
MEI Chen-xue1,WANG En-ming-yang2,LIN Lian-jie1,SUN Yan1,TAN Yue1,WANG Dong-xu1,ZHENG Chang-qing1*
(1.Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110022,China;2.Basic Medical College of China Medical University,Shenyang 110112,China)
Objective To evaluate the relationship between the probiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the positive rate of helicobacter pylori (H.pylory,Hp) .Methods Live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets,including bifidobacterium 1×107CFU/g,lactobacillus bulgaricus 1×106CFU/g and streptococcus thermophilus 1×106CFU/g,were used in the probiotic therapy.We collected 100 IBD patients (including 50 with ulcerative colitis and 50 with Crohn′s disease) and 30 healthy volunteers.UC group and CD group were daily given the same dose of Golden bifid (0.5 g a piece,4 pieces a time,twice daily) for continuously 3 months.If the symptoms did not appear to aggravate or require additional treatment,the clinical symptoms were assessed on the day of medication and 3 months after treatment,and the positive rates of Hp in the three groups were measured before and after treatment.Results In UC group and CD group,47 patients in each group participated in the experiment,and a total of 94 patients completed the experiment.After 3 months of treatment,Mayo scores in UC group and CD group were significantly decreased (4.02±2.18 vs.7.66±1.83,4.26±1.78 vs.7.38±1.61,P<0.01);the number of effective and invalid cases was 40 and 7,38 and 9;the effective rate was 85.11% and 80.85%.There were significant differences in inflammatory markers (CRP,ESR,Hb and Ab) before and after treatment (P<0.05).After treatment with probiotics,the positive rate of Hp was significantly higher in UC group (80.85% vs.57.45%,P<0.05) and CD group (57.45% vs.36.17%,P<0.05),but both of positive rates were lower than that of control group (80.85% vs.90%,57.45% vs.90%).Conclusion Probiotics can improve the inflammation markers and alleviate the clinical symptoms for patients with different types of inflammatory bowel disease,but the Hp positive rate is negatively correlated with the effect of probiotics.
Probiotics;Ulcerative colitis;Crohn′s disease;Inflammatory markers;Helicobacter pylori
2016-12-15
1.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院,沈陽(yáng) 110022;2.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,沈陽(yáng) 110122
遼寧省自然科學(xué)基金(2014021083)
10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201706010
*通信作者