阿卡狄亞幼兒園

erz景觀設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

阿卡狄亞幼兒園

erz景觀設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

1 景觀設(shè)計(jì)平面圖Landscape layout plan

場(chǎng)地概況

阿卡狄亞幼兒園位于英國(guó)愛(ài)丁堡的愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)國(guó)王建筑校區(qū)(King's Buildings Campus)。幼兒園所在的場(chǎng)地位于校園的邊緣區(qū)域，是校區(qū)景觀緩沖帶的一部分。場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)狀風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，其中已有30多棵成熟的喬木，開(kāi)闊的草甸，春季時(shí)草坪上呈現(xiàn)出美麗的水仙花海景觀。同時(shí)，場(chǎng)地毗鄰約瑟夫·布萊克化學(xué)教學(xué)樓、大衛(wèi)·布魯斯特雕像(萬(wàn)花筒的發(fā)明者)以及繁忙的西主路。

2 從林地中向外觀賞約瑟夫·布萊克化學(xué)樓和大衛(wèi)·布魯斯特雕像Looking from inside the woodland towards the listed Joseph Black Chemistry Building and the David Brewster Statue

3 粗壯的繩橋連接將環(huán)繞樹(shù)木的書屋兩端連接起來(lái)The treehouse bridge winds around the existing trees with a large rope bridge connecting either end

設(shè)計(jì)理念

項(xiàng)目的主要目的是設(shè)計(jì)和建造一個(gè)新的幼兒園,將愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)現(xiàn)有的兩個(gè)幼兒園花園整合為一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立而完整的校園服務(wù)設(shè)施。這個(gè)新的幼兒園能夠體現(xiàn)愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)獨(dú)特而高質(zhì)量、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的校園環(huán)境，以鼓勵(lì)自由玩耍、融合森林教育等作為設(shè)計(jì)的基本理念。

1)設(shè)計(jì)意圖與概念：在與建筑師的合作下，景觀設(shè)計(jì)師以自然式玩耍、斯堪的納維亞式的自由游戲(Scandinavian Free Play)作為設(shè)計(jì)主題，方案提供了一系列包含不同活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的空間序列流線，以此為孩子們提供室內(nèi)外交互式體驗(yàn)的幼兒園。在室外，設(shè)計(jì)師營(yíng)造了一系列花園和活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地，空間尺度與特點(diǎn)各不相同，使人從室內(nèi)退至室外空間時(shí)能夠充分感受到自然的野趣。我們的意圖是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)兒童玩耍的花園而不是“操場(chǎng)”。正如幼兒園新建的建筑，這個(gè)花園不僅具有功能性和教育性，同時(shí)有景觀性和啟發(fā)性。與此同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)師在方案中試圖運(yùn)用自然的材料、生態(tài)的手法并結(jié)合現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)美學(xué)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。

2)景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的角色：erz景觀設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所負(fù)責(zé)園區(qū)外部環(huán)境所有的設(shè)計(jì)以及與項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的衍生工作。馬爾科姆·弗雷澤(Malcolm Fraser)建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所負(fù)責(zé)合同管理控制，而erz景觀事務(wù)所將與之密切合作，確保設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)程和花園的建設(shè)與協(xié)調(diào)工作。

3) 環(huán)境因素：具體來(lái)說(shuō)，在不危害樹(shù)木健康的情況下，方案利用30多棵成熟喬木的樹(shù)蔭營(yíng)造了一系列完整而多層次的花園。在植物種植規(guī)劃中側(cè)重選用了本土植物作為樹(shù)籬和灌木群落，以豐富現(xiàn)有的喬木景觀的層次，同時(shí)使用混合播種的草甸覆蓋林地土壤，提升整體植物景觀的觀賞性。場(chǎng)地中的游戲設(shè)施使用的結(jié)構(gòu)材料大多來(lái)自于這所大學(xué)校園內(nèi)的木材。

為了孩子們的健康成長(zhǎng)和童年生活的幸福，對(duì)幼兒園戶外空間的投資具有十分重要的意義。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目作為一個(gè)典型案例，向我們展示了家長(zhǎng)、教職員工以及其他參與到幼兒教育中的人們一起所展現(xiàn)的前瞻性的管理營(yíng)建策略和熱情的投入與奉獻(xiàn)。

4)方案創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：本項(xiàng)目包含有許多革新之處：從方案的設(shè)計(jì)和空間布局到當(dāng)?shù)匾?guī)劃部門的策略方針，以及有關(guān)現(xiàn)狀樹(shù)木問(wèn)題的技術(shù)處理方案。

項(xiàng)目背景

阿卡狄亞幼兒園是服務(wù)于愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)教職員工以及學(xué)生的一所新的幼兒園。它位于歷史悠久的國(guó)王建筑校區(qū)的校園中。其宗旨是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)以自由玩樂(lè)為主題的、室內(nèi)室外環(huán)境為一體的幼兒園——使孩子們能夠自由選擇做什么活動(dòng)、在哪里玩耍?；▓@和建筑是一個(gè)整體的設(shè)施體系——兩個(gè)共同為孩子們和員工提供富有啟迪性、創(chuàng)新性、趣味性并令人興奮的空間環(huán)境。

場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃和景觀設(shè)計(jì)由erz景觀設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所承擔(dān)，幼兒園建筑由Malcolm Fraser建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所完成。

場(chǎng)地的設(shè)計(jì)引導(dǎo)孩子們從幼兒園前門穿過(guò)建筑，走入花園——在穿過(guò)建筑后，兩條主要軸線上的觀景視線能夠覆蓋整個(gè)場(chǎng)地，觀賞到完整的花園景致。

方案將建筑的木結(jié)構(gòu)特征延伸應(yīng)用到景觀中，在花園中使用木質(zhì)平臺(tái)和木橋，并通過(guò)樹(shù)屋、入口路徑的木質(zhì)籬笆、窗戶延續(xù)這一材料特征，包括遠(yuǎn)處草地中的柳樹(shù)可作為一系列空間的視覺(jué)焦點(diǎn)。

4 不銹鋼“泡沫圈”為孩子們提供了觀賞并體驗(yàn)橋梁的機(jī)會(huì)Stainless Steel 'bubbles' provide visual and physical opportunities to interact with the bridge.

5 “泡沫橋”以下沉花園、草地臺(tái)階和臺(tái)地3種不同類型的邊緣形態(tài)為孩子們提供了多種游戲的可能The 'Bubble Bridge' form the edge to the sunken garden, grass steps and terraces form 3 edges for lots of opportunities to roll and play

木材技術(shù)

為了最大化地利用場(chǎng)地，方案試圖在30余棵成熟桑樹(shù)的根系保護(hù)區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行花園的建設(shè)。設(shè)計(jì)師在林學(xué)栽培專家的協(xié)助下，建立了一個(gè)特定的植被保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，以確保在成熟的樹(shù)木下修筑的木結(jié)構(gòu)不傷害到現(xiàn)狀樹(shù)木及其根系組織的生長(zhǎng)。

以下的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了花園的獨(dú)特的景色：

1)蘇格蘭落葉松木平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)件落在特制的樹(shù)木友好型結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)之上，并避開(kāi)樹(shù)木主要的根系。

2) 30m長(zhǎng)的“樹(shù)屋”結(jié)構(gòu)使用特制的高架軌枕基礎(chǔ)，從而使其能夠從現(xiàn)有的成熟喬木下方穿過(guò)。這一策略是風(fēng)景園林師、林業(yè)栽培專家和土木、結(jié)構(gòu)工程師合作的結(jié)果。

3)曲線形的木墻延伸至新建的小型公共廣場(chǎng)。

4)使用柳樹(shù)枝建造了形態(tài)規(guī)整的圓形涼亭。

5)手工制作游戲設(shè)施使用的木材來(lái)源于綠橡樹(shù)和櫸樹(shù)，包括由樹(shù)干制成的手工雕刻的樓梯、長(zhǎng)凳和腳踏石。

木材相關(guān)特征

設(shè)計(jì)師采用了優(yōu)質(zhì)的橡木、蘇格蘭落葉松、柳樹(shù)枝等材料并使用手工方式制作木質(zhì)游戲設(shè)施，使得構(gòu)筑物具有現(xiàn)代化的形式特征，即使在有限的空間范圍內(nèi)也具有一定的參與性與趣味性。一系列花園的設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)場(chǎng)地悠久歷史的優(yōu)雅回應(yīng)，并為孩子的游玩和學(xué)習(xí)提供了一個(gè)充滿新意的場(chǎng)所。最重要的是花園活動(dòng)功能豐富，極具互動(dòng)性與可玩性，完美展現(xiàn)了如何用木材來(lái)創(chuàng)建現(xiàn)代化的娛樂(lè)空間，而不是濫用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的金屬和塑料構(gòu)造材料。

(編輯/陳雨茜)

6 沿著樹(shù)屋橋內(nèi)側(cè)邊緣設(shè)置了各種各樣游戲和互動(dòng)的設(shè)施The treehouse bridge provides hundreds of different opportunities for play and interaction along the inside edge.

7 繩橋連接了樹(shù)屋橋的兩端，為孩子們提供了挑戰(zhàn)自我的機(jī)會(huì)The rope bridge connects either end of the tree house bridge and provides a challenge for the children

客戶：愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)：erz 景觀設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所(景觀設(shè)計(jì))

馬爾科姆-弗雷澤建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所(建筑設(shè)計(jì))

AED(結(jié)構(gòu)工程)

哈利·哈多(機(jī)電工程)

貝爾博顧問(wèn)(種植設(shè)計(jì))

應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)公司(生態(tài)顧問(wèn))

艾倫·凱恩(藝術(shù)顧問(wèn))

面積：2 300m2

建成時(shí)間：2014年6月29日

翻譯：李鑫

校對(duì)：張?jiān)婈?yáng) ,王晞月

Site / Subject Information

Arcadia Nursery, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings Campus, Edinburgh. The site for the new nursery forms part of the landscape buffer at the edge of the Kings Buildings Campus. The site was already quite beautiful and featured over 30 mature trees, meadow grasses and a sea of daffodils in the spring. The site is also adjacent to the B listed Joseph Black chemistry building, a statue of David Brewster (the inventor of the kaleidoscope) and the busy West Mains Road.

Design Concept

To design and build a new nursery garden as part of the consolidation of the UoE's existing two nurseries into a single purpose built facility. The new nursery was to be a unique environment that would reflect the quality and standards of theUoE. The nursery wanted to promote the ideas of free play and have elements of forest schools and natural play within the garden.

1) Project philosophy and intent: Working in collaboration with the architects, erz drew on the philosophy of natural play and also Scandinavian Free Play to develop a nursery school that operates as an indoor/outdoor experience for the children, with fluid movement between a series of spaces, each offering different types of activity. Outside, we designed a series of gardens or playscapes, with distinct scales and characters,that become increasingly 'wild' as you retreat from the building. Our intent was to create a children’s garden in which to play and not a ‘playground’. Like the new nursery building the garden is intended to be not only functional and educational but also beautiful and inspiring. We also sought to partner a contemporary design aesthetic with natural materials and a strong ecological remit.

2) Role of the Landscape Architect: erz were responsible for the design and development of all external works associated with the project. Malcolm Fraser Architects acted as contract administrator and erz worked closely with them to ensure the process for the design and delivery of the garden was well coordinated.

8 灌注橡膠紋理源自于大衛(wèi)·布魯斯特發(fā)明的萬(wàn)花筒圖像(大衛(wèi)·布魯斯特的雕像毗鄰幼兒園)The wet pour rubber patterns were based on images of the kaliedescope which were invented by David Brewster (who is commemorated with a sculpture adjacent to the nursery)

3) Environment, specifically, a complex and formal series of gardens was delivered under the canopy of over thirty mature trees without endangering tree health. The planting was enhanced with a palette of native hedging and shrubs, and a new meadow seed mix designed for light woodlandcover. Play structures were sourced from timber from the University's own estate.

9 將激光切割鋼板結(jié)合到步道之中，該設(shè)計(jì)是基于兒童繪畫圖案的抽象Lazer cut steel panels were incorporated into the walkway with the design based on abstracted versions of the children's drawings

10 在花園中，通過(guò)“泡沫橋”回看幼兒園建筑Within the formal garden the 'bubble bridge' gives glimpses back to the nursery building

11自然游戲設(shè)施的木材均來(lái)源于大學(xué)校園中Natural Play Trees were sourced from the grounds of the universities campus.

The investment in the outdoor space associated with pre schools is critical to the health and well being of our children. This project is an exemplar that shows what can be delivered if parents, staff and stakeholders involved in nursery education are forward thinking and ambitious.

4) Innovation: There are a number of innovations on this project from the design and layout of the space to the resolution of concerns from the local planning department and technical solutions to the problems associated with the trees.

Background to the Landscape Design

Arcadia Nursery is a new nursery serving the staff and students at Edinburgh University. It is built on a prominent gateway site at the historic King’s Buildings Campus. The brief was to create an indoor/outdoor nursery with a free play philosophy - enabling children to choose what activities to do and which spaces to play in. The garden and building are a single facility - the garden as inspiring for children and staff as the building, both creating innovative, playful and exciting spaces.

The site planning and landscape design were undertaken by erz (landscape architects). The nursery building was designed by Malcolm Fraser Architects.

The design of the site plan seamlessly leads the child from the front door of the nursery right through the building and out into the garden -sight lines cut through the building on two main axes that are then boldly taken right through the whole site.

The timber construction of the building is carried forward into the landscape. In the formal gardens these axes are timber decks or bridges -they continue informally as the tree house, gateways and windows through the fencing, and as a series of focal points concluding with the willow arbor in the outlying meadow.

Timber Technologies

To take maximum advantage of the site it was necessary to build a large part of the garden within the root protection area of more than thirty mature sycamore trees. The Landscape Architect, with input from the Arboricultural Clerk of Works, developed a bespoke system for building timber structures under the mature trees without compromising tree health or the rooting structure.

The following timber structures feature in the gardens:

1) Scot larch timber decking on bespoke tree friendly footings with pillars organised to avoid major tree roots.

2) A thirty metre long ‘treehouse’ with specially engineered elevated sleeper foundations allowing it to weave beneath existing mature trees. The development of this was a collaboration between the landscape architect, arboriculturalists and civil/ structural engineers.

3) Curving timber wall to new public minisquare.

4) Living willow construction of formal cirular stilted arbour;

5) Handmade timber play equipment in green oak and beech, including a hand carved staircase carved from one trunk, benches and stepping cubes.

Timber Related Features

The Landscape Architects have used high quality oak and Scottish larch, living willow and handmade timber play elements, contemporary forms and a playfulness with scale and enclosure. A series of gardens emerge that offer an elegant response to the historic setting, and innovative spaces for play and learning. Most importantly, the gardens are action packed and fun filled, showing you can use timber to create contemporary play spaces, without resorting to standard and mass produced metal and plastic play furniture.

Client: University of Edinburgh

Project team: erz(Landscape Architect)

Malcolm Fraser Architects (Architect)

AED (Structural Engineer)

Harley Haddow (M+E Engineer)

Blebo Consultants (Arboricultural Clerk of Works)

Applied Ecology (Ecologist)

Alan Kain (Artist)

Area: 2 300m2

Date of completion: 29th June, 2014

Translator: LI Xin

Proofreader: ZHANG Shi-yang, WANG Xi-yue

Arcadia Nursery

erz Sdudio